Health Science Foundations Final Exam Review

What is the correct way to identify a patient?

- Ask their name, birthday, and Social Security no. - Check ID band if present

What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

- Chest pain, pressure, discomfort - Tightening, squeezing - Jaw pain - Pain radiating down arm - Feels like indigestion - Nausea/vomiting - Dizziness/tiredness

Name four responses of the body to stress.

1. 2. 3. 4.

What are two examples of "character" in describing a person's respirations?

1. Deep 2. Shallow 3. Labored 4. Difficult 5. Abnormal

What are the stages of dying?

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Describe the steps to handwashing

1. Turn faucet on with dry paper towel. 2. Run warm water over hands and wrists 3. Avoid leaning on sink or touching inside of sink 4. Fingers pointed down 5. Apply liquid soap 6. Scrub palms, wrists, backs of hands, lace fingers 7. Scrub nails against palm 8. Rinse with fingers down 9. Dry hands from finger tips to wrist 10. Turn of faucet with dry paper towel

Name three patients you would AVOID using a gait belt on.

1. abdominal surgery 2. abdominal aneurism 3. colostomy bag 4. vertebrae or rib fracture 5. recent back surgery

Define a medical error.

An adverse event or near miss that is preventable with the current state of medical knowledge

What is the purpose of advanced directives?

To outline desires regarding care if patient is unable to make decisions

Name four rules of correct body mechanics

1. broad base of support (feet hip distance apart) 2. bend from hips and knees to keep back straight 3. use your strongest muscles 4. use body weight to push/pull 5. keep objects close to body 6. do not twist or bend 7. get help if needed

What is the normal range of blood pressure in adults? Children? Infants?

100-140/60-90 mmHg

What is the range of a 'normal' heart rate? What is it called if it's too high? Low?

60-100 bpm; tachycardia; bradycardia

If a person has a body temperature of 96.8°F taken from the axillary region, what would their rectal temperature be?

97.8°F

What is the normal range of respiratory rate in adults? Children? Infants?

Adults: 12-20/min Children: 16-25/min Infants: 30-50/min

What is the normal range of pulse in adults? Children? Infants?

Adults: 60-100 bpm Children: 70-120 bpm Infants: 120-160 bpm

Antibiotics are only effective in treating what type of pathogens?

Bacteria

What is a pathogen?

Bacteria/virus/microorganism that causes disease

Give an example of bias, prejudice, and stereotyping. Know the differences between each.

Bias: prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair (thinking Americans are superior) Prejudice: negative beliefs or feelings about a person because they belong to a specific cultural or racial group Stereotyping: giving a person certain labels due to their culture or ethnicity (all Muslims/Islam are terrorists)

What body fluid(s) is/are the most likely to spread a blood borne pathogen?

Blood

What pulse site is used when taking a person's blood pressure?

Brachial

Explain the difference between clean, sterile, and contaminated.

Clean: decreased number and spread of pathogens Sterile: all pathogens completely eliminated Contaminated: pathogens are present

To ensure that the patient is unaware that you are counting their respiration, what can you do?

Count after you take pulse, so it seems like you are still taking their pulse and they don't realize you are counting respirations

What is the common policy of standard precautions for the disposal of sharp wastes?

Do not recap, place into sharp objects disposal box

Under standard precautions, what personal protective equipment would you wear if you were a dentist filling a cavity?

Gloves

What type of PPE should a health care worker wear for a patient in reverse precaution?

Gloves, gown, mask

Which of the blood borne pathogens can you significantly decrease your risk of developing if you receive immediate post-exposure prophylaxis?

HIV, Hep B (if not vaccinated)

Describe the physical effect of stress on the body.

Headaches, upset stomach, high blood pressure, chest pain, trouble sleeping

What organization protects patient confidentiality?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Rank the following diseases from highest to lowest risk: Hepatitis B Hepatitis C HIV

Hep B Hep C HIV

What blood borne pathogen(s) can you prevent by getting a vaccine?

Hepatitis B

If you are exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), you have a "window period of time". What does this signify about testing during that time?

Individuals can be infected and contagious for up to 6 months without a positive test result.

How can you tell an item of medical equipment is safe to use?

It will be tagged with a special tag/barcode meaning it has been checked

Hepatitis affects which organ of the body and how?

Liver

What type of PPE should a health care worker wear for a patient suspected of having tuberculosis?

Mask

How can you demonstrate "active listening" when communicating with a patient?

Nod your head, eye contact, reiterate or ask questions

Differentiate between subjective and objective observations.

Objective - measurable: temp, pulse, respiration, BP Subjective - non measurable, more based on description: pain

Regulations regarding hazardous chemicals, fire safety, personal protective equipment, and blood borne pathogens are mandated by which organization?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

What is the normal range for oral temperatures? Axillary? Rectal?

Oral: 97.6-98.6F; 36.5-37.5C Axillary: 96.6-98.6F; 36-37C Rectal: 98.6-100.6F; 37-38C

What is the most common method for taking a person's temperature?

Orally

The acronym PASS stands for:

P - Pull the pin A- Aim at the fire S- Squeeze the trigger S- Sweep from side to side

What else should be reported besides a person's temperature when charting?

Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure

The acronym RACE stands for:

R- Rescue A- Alarm C- Contain E- Extinguish

Which artery is being used when you take a person's pulse in their wrist?

Radial artery

What is the most accurate site for taking a person's temperature?

Rectally

What are two terms that can describe pulse volume?

Strong or weak

What is the purpose of the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organization?

To continuously improve the safety and quality of care provided to the public through the provision of health care accreditation and related services that support performance improvement in health care organizations

How can we define domestic violence?

Victimization of an individual with whom the abuser has or has had an intimate/romantic relationship; a pattern of behaviors that adults or adolescents use against their intimate partners or former partners to establish power and control

What is the most important thing a health care worker should do to break the chain of infection?

Wash their hands

Describe how a health care professional can effectively deal with patients of various cultural backgrounds.

Watch to see how the patient responds to certain gestures (eye contact, personal space, hand gestures), avoid jokes that may attend, evaluate info before forming an opinion, be sensitive to other practices

Are the National Patient Safety Goals established by the Joint Commission (JCAHO) laws?

Yes

Which life stage(s) usually require(s) the least amount of assistance?

Young adulthood, middle adulthood, adolescence

A brief absence of breathing is called:

apnea