Health, Wellness, Illness

All are considered internal variable that influence health beliefs and practices except: 1.socioeconomic factors 2. perception of functioning 3. emotional 4. developmental stage

1.socioeconomic factors Rationale: Everything else is intrinsic

1. A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and illness. Which statements best define the concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply. 1. Health and illness are the same for all people. 2. Health and illness are individually defined by each person. 3. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy. 4. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs. 5. Health is more than the absence of illness. 6. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.

2. Health and illness are individually defined by each person. 5. Health is more than the absence of illness. 6. Illness is the response of a person to a disease. Rationale: Each person experiences health differently based on a number of factors. Health is MORE than the absence of illness; it is an active process in which a person moves towards one's maximum potential of health. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.

A nurse is planning a seminar for the local community. Which topics are examples of health promotion discussions? (Select all that apply.) 1.information on smoking cessation 2. blood pressure control and screening 3 examples of heart-healthy diet 4 information on increasing activity and exercise 5 names and numbers of healthcare providers

3examples of heart-healthy diet 4 information on increasing activity and exercise Rationale: Health promotion is about improving health and well-being, not so much reducing risk of illness. Illness prevention = smoking cessation and blood pressure control. Offering names and numbers of healthcare providers = resource sharing.

Which is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a person's health-illness status? A family lives in a city environment where the air pollution levels are high. A father who is a practicing Jehovah's Witness refuses a blood transfusion for his son. A teenager who was in an automobile accident worries that his scars will cause him to lose friends. A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family.

A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family. Rationale: Sociocultural means their socioeconomic standing and everything that has to do with that, so in this case the need for food stamps given the mother's socioeconomic standing = sociocultural.

A nurse caring for patients with diabetes knows that this is a characteristic of a chronic illness: It is a temporary change. It causes reversible alterations in A&P. It requires special patient education for rehabilitation. It requires a short period of care or support.

It requires special patient education for rehabilitation. Rationale: LOL read the question, so chronic illnesses are many different physical and mental alterations in health, with one or more of the following charactersitics: -Permanent change -Causes or is caused by irreversible alterations in normal anatomy and physiology -Requires special patient education for rehab -Long period of care or support

RN teaches the importance of folic acid to pregnant women. What is the level of care? 1. Primary prevention. 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary

Primary prevention.

8. The agent-host-environment model of health and illness is based on what concept? Risk factors Demographic variables Behaviors to promote health Stages of illness

Risk factors Rationale: The interaction of the agent, host and environment creates risk factors that increase the probability of disease.

Which is an example of an acute illness? a. Diabetes b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Pneumonia d. Osteoporosis

c. Pneumonia Rationale: All the other ones are chronic illnesses.

A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by: permanent relief from the signs and symptoms. disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease. periodic occurrence in clients with long-standing diseases. reactivation of the disease and presence of symptoms.

disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease. Rationale: Remission = having the disease but without symptoms -Remission is NOT permanent, but rather a temporary relief from s/s -Exacerbation = period occurrence of disease in clients with chronic diseases

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, a problem accompanied by a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomena? exacerbation morbidity infection risk factor

exacerbation Rationale: Exacerbation is a sudden occurrence of s/s related to chronic illnesses. Morbidity = frequency of disease. Not an infectious disease. Risk factor is = attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

7. Health promotion activities may occur on a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which activities are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply. A. A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city. B. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb. C. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient. D. A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes. E. A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students. F. A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat.

B. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb. C. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient. Rationale: Tertiary is helping people who are already diagnosed with their illness and helping them reduce disability and to help rehabilitate them to their maximum level of functioning. Providing immunizations and use of an appropriate car seat is primary health promotion. Providing screenings is a secondary health promotion activity.

3. Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which patients would be considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply. A. A White male diagnosed with HIV B. An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant C. A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes D. A low-income family living in rural America E. A middle-class teacher living in a large city F. A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy

B. An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant C. A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes D. A low-income family living in rural America F. A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy Rationale: National trends in the prevention of health disparities are focused on vulnerable populations, such as racial/ethnic minorities, those living in poverty, women, children, older adults, rural and inner-city residents, and people with disabilities and special health care needs. Cerebral palsy = Congenital disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture. S/s include exaggerated reflexes, floppy or rigid limbs and involuntary motions.

5. A nurse's neighbor tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel awful, and I am not going to work." What stage of illness behavior is the neighbor exhibiting? A. Experiencing symptoms B. Assuming the sick role C. Assuming a dependent role D. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

B. Assuming the sick role Rationale: Sick role is when people define themselves as ill and seek validation of this experience from others and give up normal activities. Dependent role = patient's decision to accept the dx and follow the prescribed tx plan. In achieving recovery and rehab roles, the person gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities and responsibilities.

10. A nurse follows accepted guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How can this promote health in others? By being a role model for healthy behaviors By not requiring sick days from work By never exposing others to any type of illness By spending less money on food

By being a role model for healthy behaviors Rationale: Good personal health enables the nurse to serve as a role model for patients and families.

4. A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating? A. Tertiary B. Secondary C. Primary D. Promotive

C. Primary Rationale: Injections = Primary health promotion and illness prevention

6. Which clinic patient is most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms based on the physical human dimension? A. Jane, whose her best friend had a benign breast lump removed B. Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood C. Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer D. Nancy, whose family encourages regular physical examinations

C. Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer Rationale: Physical dimensions = genetics, age, developmental level, race and gender. Family hx of breast cancer is a major risk factor.

A nurse who focuses attention on the strengths and abilities of patients rather than their problems is helping them to achieve which of Maslow's basic human needs? a. Self-actualization b. Self-esteem c. Love and belonging d. Safety and security e. Physiologic

a. Self-actualization Rationale: Self-actualization is the highest state of Maslow's, self-esteem is more like growing confidence

Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses? Chronic illnesses can cause pain and suffering. Treatment of chronic illnesses is very expensive. Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. People do not like to be sick and feel bad.

Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. Rationale: Because chronic illnesses are the leading health problems in the world, health promotion and illness prevention activities are vital to nursing care. By endorsing health promotion, the nurse can help patients achieve optimal health even with chronic illnesses. It is true that treating chronic illnesses can be expensive, they do cause pain and suffering, and people do not like to be sick, but these are not the most important reasons for promoting health and preventing illnesses.

9. When providing health promotion classes, a nurse uses concepts from models of health. What do both the health-illness continuum and the high-level wellness models demonstrate? Illness as a fixed point in time The importance of family Wellness as a passive state Health as a constantly changing state

Health as a constantly changing state Rationale: health is dynamic, meaning that it is ever changing.

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease? It persists for a long time. It is a sequela of acute illness. It takes a long time to cure. It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time. Rationale: Chronic illness has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time, usually seen in old age. It may or may not be due to acute illness. Chronic diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the population.

A person who keeps in touch with neighbors in an attempt to foster a "community feeling" is promoting one's emotional human dimension. a. True b. False

b. False Rationale: The answer is sociocultural because it deals with being active in one's community

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors? The Agent-Host-Environment Model The Health-Illness Continuum The High-Level Wellness Model The Health Belief Model

The Agent-Host-Environment Model Rationale: The agent-host-environment model is useful for examining the cause of disease in an individual. The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors. -Health-illness continuum is a way to measure a person's level of health. -The High-Level Wellness Model is characterized by functioning to one's maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment. -The health belief model is used to describe health behaviors.

2. The student nurse learns that illnesses are classified as either acute or chronic. Which are examples of chronic illnesses? Select all that apply. a. Diabetes mellitus b. Bronchial pneumonia c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Cystic fibrosis e. Fractured hip f. Otitis media

a. Diabetes mellitus c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Cystic fibrosis Rationale: These are chronic diseases because they are permanent changes caused by irreversible alterations in one's body, they require patient education along with long periods of care and support. PNA, fx, otitis media are acute illness because they have a rapid onset of symptoms that last a relatively short time. Otitis Media (Middle ear infection): Infection of the air-filled space behind the eardrum caused by bacteria or viruses.

What is an example of a nursing activity that promotes secondary prevention as a level of preventive care? a. Conducting a smoking cessation class b. Performing a blood pressure screening at a local mall c. Performing range-of-motion exercises on a bedridden patient (tertiary) d. Promoting safer sex practices in school settings (primary)

b. Performing a blood pressure screening at a local mall Rationale: Remember that secondary prevention is like screening. Conducting a smoking cessation class is tertiary. ROM exercises is tertiary. Safer sex practices is primary.

An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the he had to relearn how to feed and dress himself. The client often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is: maintaing dependence. needing further recovery. giving up the dependent role. hopeless due to disease process.

giving up the dependent role. Rationale: The client is reflecting a desire to give up the dependent role and become more independent. Therefore, when at home, the client wants to do normal activities.

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as: illness. agent-host-environment. health belief model. high-level wellness.

high-level wellness. Rationale: High-level wellness = recognizes health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning. Health belief model = client's beliefs and actions related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness.

The public health nurse is performing activities within the community. Which nursing activity provides an example of primary prevention? teaching a family about incision care suggesting regular dental exams for a family assessing the home environment of a person who smokes screening school-aged children for lead

screening school-aged children for lead Rationale: Why would it be screening for lead (inst that secondary)

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed (GI). The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure? primary quanternary secondary tertiary

secondary Rationale: Secondary = refer clients for consultation and additional testing.

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as: the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms. the reappearance of symptoms of a disease. the response of a person to a disease. a pathologic change in the structure of function of the body or mind.

the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms. Rationale: -Remission = presence of disease without the symptoms; temporary relief from s/s -Exacerbation = reappearance of symptoms of a disease -Disease = pathologic change in the structure of function of the body or mind -Illness = is the response of a person to a disease