cog quizzes

In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of __________ on memory.

schemas

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.

remote

the three structural components of the modal model of memory are

sensory, STM and LTM

researchers suggest that the capacity of STM is

somewhat small, holding about 7 items at one time

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand and how to make effective shots. these learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of _______memory

procedural

the mutiple choice question is an example of ____ test

recognition

a patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have difficulty in

remembering graduating from college

a person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ____ memory?

short term

the effective duration of STM, when rehearsal is prevented is

15-20 seconds

_________transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

Consolidation

Which of the following has been shown to play a role in the strength of memories that are associated with emotion?

Cortisol

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect?

Even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur.

Katie and Alana are roommates taking the same psych clas. They have a test in 4 days not intend to study for 3 hours but because of different work schedules Katie will study for one hour for each of the next 3 days while Alana will study 3 hours the day before what could you predict about their performances?

Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect

the primacy effect from the serial position curve experiment is associated with _______nenory

LTM

which of the following is NOT a conclusion from the HM?

LTM are unaffected by damage to hippocampus

given what we know about operation of a the phonological loop, which of the word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds?

MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP

observations people may actually process and manipulate info rather than store it for brief periods of time challenge the conceptualization of?

STM

Your text's discussion of false memories leads to the conclusion that false memories

arise from the same constructive processes that produce true memories.

In Lindsay's "misinformation effect" experiment, participants saw a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer. This slide presentation included narration by a female speaker who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown. Results showed that the misinformation effect was greatest when presentation of misleading post-event information was

auditory from a female speaker.

from a cog psych perspective memories from specific experiences in our life are defined as being ____

autobiographical

murdochs remembering a list experiment described the seriall position curve and found that memory is best for _____ of a list

both the first and last words

the research by Ericson examined ability of a college student to achieve amazing feats of memory by having him remember strings of random digits that were recited to him. They found this student used his experience with running times to help him retain these numbers. the significance was

chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns

According to the ______ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

constructive

Arkes and Freedman's "baseball game" experiment asked participants to indicate whether the following sentence was present in a passage they had previously read about events in a game: "The batter was safe at first." Their findings showed inaccurate memories involved

creations from inferences based on baseball knowledge.

In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on

cultural expectations

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of 3 letters after various delays. They found participants remembered an average of 80% of groups after 3 seconds but only 10% after 18 sec. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ______but later research showed that it was actually due to _____

decay; interference

when investigating serial position curve delaying memory test for 30 seconds

decreases the recency effect

brief sensory memory for sound is known as?

echoic memory

KC who was injured in a motorcycle accident remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare but unaware of experiencing things like hearing about his brothers death which happened 2 years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests?

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory

"S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory. According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated

less efficiently than normal.

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos

the person took himself or herself.

Wickens fruit and professions exp failed to show a release from proactive interference in the fruit group because

the stimulus category remained the same

it is easier to perform 2 tasks at the same time if

one is handled by the visuospatial sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop

The story in the text about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid-air was used to illustrate the role of _______in memory

organization

Brasnford and Johnson study had people hear a passage. the passage was difficult to understand but looking at a pic made it easier. the results of this study showed importance of ______in forming reliable LTM

organization context

one of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that

peoples are not conscious when using it

physiological studies indicate that damage to the brains ____can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory

prefrontal cortex

the following statement represents what kind of memory? the Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s

semantic

funashashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task. these neurons showed the most intense firing during?

delay

acquiring info and transforming it into LTM is

encoding

I remember being excited last year when my college team won the national championship in basket ball is an example of

episodic memory

Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect

failure of memory consolidation.

the recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to eliminate the recency effect is to

have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list

The "wedding reception" false memory experiment shows that false memories can be explained as a product of familiarity and

source misattribution.

the principle that we encode info together with its context is known as encoding

speciificyt

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if

the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that

extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate.

Despite scientific evidence to the contrary, Harry believes that drinking dandelion tea would improve his long-term memory because he saw several news stories and articles about it online. What is Harry experiencing?

illusory truth effect

Hebb's idea of long term potentiation which provides a physiological mechanism for long term storage of memories includes the idea of

increasing firing in neurons

spellings delayed partial report procedure provides evidence that

info in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds

according to the LOP theory which of the following tasks will produce the best LTM for a set of words

making connections between each word and something you have previously learned

imagine walking from your car, to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which components of working memory?

the visuospatial sketchpad

in which of the following examples of 2 different brain injured patients is a double dissociation demonstrated

tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory which tome has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory

Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers shows that __________ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable.

transition points

recent research on memory based largely on fear conditioning in rats indicates

when memory is reactivated it becomes capable of being changed or altered just as it was immediately after it was formed

Research on eyewitness testimony reveals that

when viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in his or her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of his or her choice, even when the choice is wrong.