cog quizzes
In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of __________ on memory.
schemas
Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.
remote
the three structural components of the modal model of memory are
sensory, STM and LTM
researchers suggest that the capacity of STM is
somewhat small, holding about 7 items at one time
Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand and how to make effective shots. these learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of _______memory
procedural
the mutiple choice question is an example of ____ test
recognition
a patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have difficulty in
remembering graduating from college
a person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ____ memory?
short term
the effective duration of STM, when rehearsal is prevented is
15-20 seconds
_________transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.
Consolidation
Which of the following has been shown to play a role in the strength of memories that are associated with emotion?
Cortisol
Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect?
Even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur.
Katie and Alana are roommates taking the same psych clas. They have a test in 4 days not intend to study for 3 hours but because of different work schedules Katie will study for one hour for each of the next 3 days while Alana will study 3 hours the day before what could you predict about their performances?
Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect
the primacy effect from the serial position curve experiment is associated with _______nenory
LTM
which of the following is NOT a conclusion from the HM?
LTM are unaffected by damage to hippocampus
given what we know about operation of a the phonological loop, which of the word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds?
MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP
observations people may actually process and manipulate info rather than store it for brief periods of time challenge the conceptualization of?
STM
Your text's discussion of false memories leads to the conclusion that false memories
arise from the same constructive processes that produce true memories.
In Lindsay's "misinformation effect" experiment, participants saw a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer. This slide presentation included narration by a female speaker who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown. Results showed that the misinformation effect was greatest when presentation of misleading post-event information was
auditory from a female speaker.
from a cog psych perspective memories from specific experiences in our life are defined as being ____
autobiographical
murdochs remembering a list experiment described the seriall position curve and found that memory is best for _____ of a list
both the first and last words
the research by Ericson examined ability of a college student to achieve amazing feats of memory by having him remember strings of random digits that were recited to him. They found this student used his experience with running times to help him retain these numbers. the significance was
chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns
According to the ______ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations.
constructive
Arkes and Freedman's "baseball game" experiment asked participants to indicate whether the following sentence was present in a passage they had previously read about events in a game: "The batter was safe at first." Their findings showed inaccurate memories involved
creations from inferences based on baseball knowledge.
In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on
cultural expectations
Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of 3 letters after various delays. They found participants remembered an average of 80% of groups after 3 seconds but only 10% after 18 sec. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ______but later research showed that it was actually due to _____
decay; interference
when investigating serial position curve delaying memory test for 30 seconds
decreases the recency effect
brief sensory memory for sound is known as?
echoic memory
KC who was injured in a motorcycle accident remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare but unaware of experiencing things like hearing about his brothers death which happened 2 years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests?
intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory
"S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory. According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated
less efficiently than normal.
The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is
strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.
Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos
the person took himself or herself.
Wickens fruit and professions exp failed to show a release from proactive interference in the fruit group because
the stimulus category remained the same
it is easier to perform 2 tasks at the same time if
one is handled by the visuospatial sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop
The story in the text about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid-air was used to illustrate the role of _______in memory
organization
Brasnford and Johnson study had people hear a passage. the passage was difficult to understand but looking at a pic made it easier. the results of this study showed importance of ______in forming reliable LTM
organization context
one of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that
peoples are not conscious when using it
physiological studies indicate that damage to the brains ____can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory
prefrontal cortex
the following statement represents what kind of memory? the Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s
semantic
funashashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task. these neurons showed the most intense firing during?
delay
acquiring info and transforming it into LTM is
encoding
I remember being excited last year when my college team won the national championship in basket ball is an example of
episodic memory
Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect
failure of memory consolidation.
the recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to eliminate the recency effect is to
have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list
The "wedding reception" false memory experiment shows that false memories can be explained as a product of familiarity and
source misattribution.
the principle that we encode info together with its context is known as encoding
speciificyt
Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if
the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.
A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that
extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate.
Despite scientific evidence to the contrary, Harry believes that drinking dandelion tea would improve his long-term memory because he saw several news stories and articles about it online. What is Harry experiencing?
illusory truth effect
Hebb's idea of long term potentiation which provides a physiological mechanism for long term storage of memories includes the idea of
increasing firing in neurons
spellings delayed partial report procedure provides evidence that
info in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds
according to the LOP theory which of the following tasks will produce the best LTM for a set of words
making connections between each word and something you have previously learned
imagine walking from your car, to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which components of working memory?
the visuospatial sketchpad
in which of the following examples of 2 different brain injured patients is a double dissociation demonstrated
tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory which tome has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory
Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers shows that __________ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable.
transition points
recent research on memory based largely on fear conditioning in rats indicates
when memory is reactivated it becomes capable of being changed or altered just as it was immediately after it was formed
Research on eyewitness testimony reveals that
when viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in his or her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of his or her choice, even when the choice is wrong.