Heart Test review

Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase in heart rate and a weakened heart. True/False

true

The electrical impulses that create the QRS complex represent:

ventricular depolarization

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________. A. causing threshold to be reached more quickly B. decreasing heart contractility C. blocking the action of calcium D. causing a decrease in stroke volume

A. causing threshold to be reached more quickly

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart? A. AV valve B. bundle of His C. AV node D. SA node

A. AV valve

The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is: A. Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers B. Atrioventricular bundle, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers C. Purkinje fibers, atrioventricular bundle, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, bundle branches D. Atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches Purkinje fibers

A. Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Select the correct statement about the heart valves. A. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur. B. Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart. C. The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. D. The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

A. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. A. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts. B. The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium. C. The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. D. Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.

A. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

Which of the following is true concerning the intrinsic conduction system? A. Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular cells B. Acton potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular bundle C. Action potentials pass slowly through the ventricular wall D. Action potentials pass slowly through the Purkinje fibers

A. action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricualar cells

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________. A. angina pectoris B. ischemia C. myocardial infarct D. pericarditis

A. angina pectoris

During the flow of blood through the body. A. blood travels from the right ventricle to the lungs B. blood travels from the left ventricle to the lungs C. the blood from the lungs returns to the right atrium D. blood from the body returns to the left atrium

A. blood travels from the right ventricle to the lungs

Baroreceptors are located in the aorta and A. Carotid B. Subclavian veins C. Carotid veins D. Subclavian arteries

A. carotid

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________. A. left ventricle B. right atrium C. right ventricle D. left atrium

D. left atrium

Oxygen-poor blood enters which chamber of the heart? A. left atrium B. right ventricle C. left ventricle D. right atrium

D. right atrium

Each cardiac cycle takes about 8/10 of one A. day B. hour C. minute D. second

D. second

Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues. True/False

True

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of atrial contractions with little pause between them. True/False

True

The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right. True\False

True

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. True/False

True

Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue. True/False

True

Auricles slightly increase blood volume in the ventricles. True/False

false

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons. True/False

false

Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle. True/False

false

The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic valves. True/False

false

The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the AV valve flaps. True\False

false

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________. A. noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls B. finding the papillary muscles C. locating the apex D. tracing out where the auricles connect

A. noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right ventricular systole? A. pulmonary veins B. venae cavae C. pulmonary trunk D. aorta

A. pulmonary trunk

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________. A. pump blood with greater pressure B. expand the thoracic cage during diastole C. pump blood through a smaller valve D. accommodate a greater volume of blood

A. pump blood with greater pressure

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________. A. pumps blood against a greater resistance B. expands the thoracic cage C. pumps a greater volume of blood D. sends blood through a smaller valve

A. pumps blood against a greater resistance

Isovolumetric contraction ________. A. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers B. occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close C. occurs only in people with heart valve defects D. occurs while the AV valves are open

A. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

In the heart, an action potential originates in the: A. Sinoatrial node B. atrioventricular node C. Bundle of HIS (atrioventricular bundle) D. Purkinje fibers

A. sinoatrial node

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate? A. skin color B. body temperature C. age D. gender

A. skin color

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells. A. The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all. B. Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate. C. The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle. D. The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.

A. the entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________. A the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute B. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate C. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart D. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract

A. the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along A. the vagus nerve B. the phrenic and glossopharyngeal nerves C. the vagus and phrenic nerves D. the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

A. the vagus nerve

Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart? A. thinning of the valve flaps B. fibrosis of cardiac muscle C. atherosclerosis D. decline in cardiac reserve

A. thinning of the valve flaps

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open? A. Ventricles are in diastole. B. AV valves are closed. C. Ventricles are in systole. D. Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.

A. ventricles are diastole

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open? A. Ventricles are in diastole. B. Ventricles are in systole. C. AV valves are closed. D. Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.

A. ventricles are in diastole

The semilunar valves are closed during: A. ventricular diastole B. atrial diastole C. atrial systole D. ventricular systole

A. ventricular diastole

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block. A. AV bundle B. AV node C. AV valves D. SA node

B. AV node

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________. A. no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration B. a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output C. no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate D. a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

B. a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________. A. ventricular repolarization B. atrial depolarization C. atrial repolarization D. ventricular depolarization

B. atrial depolarization

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? A. friction of blood against the chamber walls B. closure of the heart valves C. opening and closing of the heart valves D. excitation of the SA node

B. closure of the heart valves

A foramen ovale ________. A. is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus B. connects the two atria in the fetal heart C. is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close D. is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum

B. connects the two atria in the fetal heart

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________. A. lacks striations B. has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium C. cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells D. has more nuclei per cell

B. has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________. A. loss of blood from an artery B. relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing C. severe electrical shock to the body D. mild electrical shock to the heart itself

B. relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2ms) when the heart is repolarizing

During contraction of heart muscle cells ________. A. the action potential is initiated by voltage-gated slow calcium channels B. some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores C. the action potential is prevented from spreading from cell to cell by gap junctions D. calcium is prevented from entering cardiac fibers that have been stimulated

B. some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________. A. a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways B. an inadequate supply of lactic acid C. a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production D. decreased delivery of oxygen

D. decreased delivery of oxygen

Select the correct statement about cardiac output. A. If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased. B. Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases. C. A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. D. Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume.

C. A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.

Left ventricular contraction propels blood through which valve? A. Left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve B. Pulmonary valve C. Aortic valve D. Aortic valve

C. Aortic valve

During the period of ventricular filling ________. A. the atria remain in diastole B. it is represented by the P wave on the ECG C. blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles D. pressure in the heart is at its peak

C. blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________. A. fossa ovalis B. coronary sinus C. coronary arteries D. coronary veins

C. coronary arteries

Which of the following will NOT increase the heart rate? A. increased blood carbon dioxide B. decreased blood pH C. increased blood pressure D. decreased blood oxygen

C. increased blood pressure

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A. ventricular ejection B. isovolumetric contraction C. isovolumetric relaxation D. ventricular filling

C. isovolumetric relaxation

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________. A. second intercostal space to the left of the sternum B. fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple C. second intercostal space to the right of the sternum D. fifth right intercostal space

C. second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

The cardiovascular system consists of: A. the heart only B. the heart and blood vessels C. the heart, blood and blood vessels D. the blood and blood vessels

C. the heart, blood and blood vessels

Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via: A. the vagus nerve B. the phrenic and glossopharyngeal nerves C. the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves D. the vagus and phrenic nerves

C. the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

The tricuspid valve is closed ________. A. by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle B. while the ventricle is in diastole C. when the ventricle is in systole D. while the atrium is contracting

C. when the ventricle is in systole

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block. A. AV bundle B. SA node C. AV valves D. AV node

D. AV node

Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole? A. pulmonary veins only B. pulmonary arteries only C. aorta only D. both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

D. both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________. A. myocardial infarction B. pericarditis C. angina pectoris D. cardiac tamponade

D. cardiac tamponade

How many pulmonary veins are there? A. One B. Three C. Two D. Four

D. four

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, ________. A. it would be less than 12 m B. contractions would last as long as the refractory period C. it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation D. tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action

D. tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________. A. potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate would occur B. heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present C. tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle D. threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

D. threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

The right atrioventricular valve is also alled the: A. left atrioventricular valve B. bicuspid valve C. mitral valve D. tricuspid valve

D. tricuspid valve

An ECG provides direct information about valve function. True/False

False

Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole. True/False

False

Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation True/False

False

As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve. True/False

True

Blood in the heart chambers provides some nutrients to the heart muscle cells. True/False

True

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle. True/False

true