Heat

Shelly tells a friend that her computer needs to be fixed because it has been producing a lot of heat and is smoking. Where is the error in her statement? Heat cannot be described as having been produced. Thermal energy cannot be produced by electronics. Her computer should be producing a lot of heat and does not need to be fixed. Her computer is producing thermal energy, not heat.

Her computer is producing thermal energy, not heat.

Isaac wants to make s'mores. He holds a marshmallow on a metal skewer over a fire. A few seconds later, the marshmallow is cooked and the skewer feels warm. What most likelyhappened? The fire heated the surrounding air, which cooked the marshmallow. The heat generated from the marshmallow flowed in the form of thermal energy to the skewer and fire. The heat from the skewer cooked the marshmallow. Thermal energy in the form of heat moved from the fire to the skewer and marshmallow.

Thermal energy in the form of heat moved from the fire to the skewer and marshmallow.

Sienna is at soccer practice. She has just finished running two miles, and is very warm. The temperature outside is 95°F, and Sienna is beginning to feel overheated. Her coach takes her into the gymnasium and tells her to sit down on the floor and relax for a few minutes. Sienna notices that the floor feels cool against her skin. After a few minutes, however, the gymnasium floor no longer feels cool, and Sienna has to shift to a different part of the floor. Why did Sienna shift her position on the gymnasium floor? Thermal energy was transferred from the gymnasium floor to her skin. Her skin and the gymnasium floor reached thermal equilibrium. Thermal energy was transferred from the air to her skin. Her skin and the surrounding air reached thermal equilibrium.

Thermal energy was transferred from the gymnasium floor to her skin.

The metal aluminum coils in an air conditioner conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house. What can be said about the coils when they are accepting the heat inside the house? They must be warmer than the air inside the house. They must be cooler than the air inside the house. They must have more thermal energy than the air inside the house. They must be more insulated than the air inside the house.

They must be cooler than the air inside the house.

Which is an example of transforming potential energy to kinetic energy? Check all that apply. changing thermal energy to electrical energy changing chemical energy to thermal energy changing nuclear energy to radiant energy changing radiant energy to electrical energy changing mechanical energy to chemical energy

changing chemical energy to thermal energy changing nuclear energy to radiant energy

As a person pushes a box across a floor, the energy from the person's moving arm is transferred to the box, and the box and floor become warm. During this process, energy is :

conserved

A burner on a stove produces temperature. thermal energy. hotness. fire energy.

thermal energy

The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its:

motion

A soccer ball is traveling at a velocity of 50 m/s. The kinetic energy of the ball is 500 J. What is the mass of the soccer ball? 0.1 kg 0.2 kg 0.4 kg 0.5 kg

0.4 kg

Olivia is on a swing at the playground. At which point is her kinetic energy increasing and her potential energy decreasing? W X Y Z

X

The image shows a dam. Which descriptions best fit the labels? X: kinetic energy ,Y: potential energy X: potential energy ,Y: kinetic energy X: mechanical energy ,Y: electrical energy X: electrical energy, Y: mechanical energy

X: potential energy ,Y: kinetic energy

Heat is most closely related to______energy.

thermal

Indicate the direction of heat flow in each scenario. Scenario A: Scenario B: Scenario C: Scenario D:

toward object 1 toward object 2 toward object 1 toward object 1

The human body stores chemical energy from digested food. Some of the chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy when the body moves. Which statement is bestsupported by this information? The body does not convert chemical energy to thermal energy. The body does not convert chemical energy to kinetic energy. Digested food is a source of potential energy. Digested food is a form of radiant energy.

Digested food is a source of potential energy.

______is the thermal energy that flows from one substance to another when the substances differ in temperature.

Heat

Which statement best compares potential and kinetic energy? Objects always have more potential energy than kinetic energy. Only kinetic energy increases when the velocity of an object increases. Only potential energy decreases when an object's height increases. Objects always have more kinetic energy than potential energy.

Only kinetic energy increases when the velocity of an object increases.

An object has a velocity of 8 m/s and a kinetic energy of 480 J. What is the mass of the object? 7.5 kg 15 kg 60 kg 120 kg

15 kg

The kinetic energy of a ball with a mass of 0.5 kg and a velocity of 10 m/s is

25 J

A car is moving at 12 m/s and has a mass of 600 kg. What is the kinetic energy of the car? 36,300 J 43,200 J 72,600 J 86,400 J

43,200 J

Almost all energy on Earth comes from the:

Sun

This mug is made of two layers of glass separated by empty space. It is more effective than a ceramic mug at keeping the beverage warm. Why is this design more effective? The beverage has a higher temperature than the air. The air is warmer than the mug. The particles that make up the glass have no thermal energy. The empty space has no particles to transfer thermal energy.

The empty space has no particles to transfer thermal energy.

This diagram shows a skier moving down a hill. Which statement best describes the skier? The skier has potential and kinetic energy. The skier has only potential energy. The skier has only kinetic energy. The skier does not have potential or kinetic energy.

The skier has potential and kinetic energy.

What is used to measure heat? change in temperature constant temperature constant specific heat change in specific heat

change in temperature

A sled is at rest at the top of a 2 m high slope. The sled has a mass of 45 kg. The sled's potential energy is:

882

During nuclear fission and fusion, matter that seems to disappear is actually converted into:

Energy

If the kinetic and potential energy in a system are equal, then the potential energy increases. What happens as a result? Total energy increases. Stored energy decreases. Energy of motion decreases. Total energy decreases.

Energy of motion decreases.

If Sienna is using the gymnasium floor to cool off, which position will lower her skin temperature the quickest?

Flat on her back

What is heat? Heat is the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°C. Heat is the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. Heat is the total energy of a substance due to the movement of its particles. Heat is the energy that flows between two substances of different temperatures.

Heat is the energy that flows between two substances of different temperatures.

This diagram shows a baseball's motion. Which statement is best supported by the diagram? Kinetic energy becomes potential energy between points R and S. Maximum potential energy is at point P. Maximum potential energy is at point R. Potential energy becomes kinetic energy between points P and Q.

Maximum potential energy is at point R.

The table shows information about four students who are running around a track. Which statement is supported by the information in the chart? Autumn has more kinetic energy than Chiang. Mohammed has less kinetic energy than Autumn. Lexy has more kinetic energy than Mohammed. Chiang has less kinetic energy than Lexy.

Mohammed has less kinetic energy than Autumn.

Solar-powered cars use energy from the Sun to work. A panel on the car absorbs light energy from the Sun, which then generates an electric current. This electric current, in turn, allows the car to move. Which shows the correct order of energy transformations that take place in a solar-powered car? electrical, chemical, kinetic electrical, kinetic, radiant radiant, chemical, electrical radiant, electrical, mechanical

radiant, electrical, mechanical

The diagram shows a person holding a bow and arrow. Which will most likely increase the kinetic energy in this system? pulling farther back on the string releasing the string holding the arrow higher decreasing the mass of the arrow

releasing the string

What are the two main types of energy? radiant and chemical thermal and radiant potential and chemical kinetic and potential

kinetic and potential

Energy can be transformed from one form to another. The diagram shows one such process. Which energy transformation is represented in the diagram? nuclear to thermal and radiant nuclear to electrical and chemical chemical to nuclear and radiant chemical to electrical and nuclear

nuclear to thermal and radiant

Which factors affect heat transfer between a warm and a cool substance? the time it took to heat the substance, the area of contact, and the specific heats of the substances the amount of time of contact, the area of contact, and the specific heats of the substances the time it took to heat the substance, the area of the substances, and the specific heats of the substances the amount of time of contact, the area of the substances, and the specific heats of the substances

the amount of time of contact, the area of contact, and the specific heats of the substances

A stovetop burner on medium reaches 200°C. Which other objects will heat from the burner flow to? Check all that apply. the surrounding air a cool pan a pan heated to 223°C cool water inside a pan someone who touches it

the surrounding air a cool pan cool water inside a pan someone who touches it

Ixchelt burns her tongue when she takes a sip of hot coffee from her mug. Which part of this example represents heat? the thermal energy moving from the coffee to her tongue the thermal energy moving from her tongue to the coffee her coffee her tongue

the thermal energy moving from the coffee to her tongue

When a person strikes and lights a match, potential energy in the match is transformed into which types of energy? electrical and thermal thermal and radiant radiant and nuclear nuclear and kinetic

thermal and radiant

Which factors are used to calculate the kinetic energy of an object? Check all that apply. gravity velocity volume mass height

velocity mass

Which set of terms best defines what affects kinetic energy and potential energy, respectively? position, gravity gravity, position velocity, height height, velocity

velocity, height

Ella has a mass of 56 kg, and Tyrone has a mass of 68 kg. Ella is standing at the top of a skateboard ramp that is 1.5 meters tall. Which conclusion is best supported by the given information? If Tyrone stands at the top of the same ramp, his potential energy will be less than Ella's. If Tyrone stands at the top of a 1 m high ramp, his potential energy will be greater than Ella's. If Tyrone stands at the top of the same ramp, his potential energy will be the same as Ella's. If Tyrone stands at the top of a 2 m high ramp, his potential energy will be greater than Ella's.

If Tyrone stands at the top of a 2 m high ramp, his potential energy will be greater than Ella's.

The diagram shows a swinging pendulum. Which best explains what happens to the motion of the pendulum? The mechanical energy transforms to thermal energy as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving. The mechanical energy disappears as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving. The pendulum will continue moving at the same speed until someone stops it because energy cannot be destroyed. The pendulum will slow down but will never stop moving because energy cannot be destroyed.

The mechanical energy transforms to thermal energy as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving.

A battery has chemical energy, which can be used to generate thermal and radiant energy in a lightbulb. Which best explains what happens to the amount of energy in this scenario? The total energy in the system increases because chemical energy creates thermal and radiant energy. The total energy in the system decreases because chemical energy disappears as thermal and radiant energy are generated. The total energy in the system remains the same as the decrease in chemical energy equals the increase in thermal and radiant energy. The total energy in the system remains the same as the increase in chemical energy equals the decrease in thermal and radiant energy.

The total energy in the system remains the same as the decrease in chemical energy equals the increase in thermal and radiant energy.

Which best explains why water boils in a pot sitting over fire? Heat energy is created from the thermal energy in the air. Heat energy is transferred from the water to the fire. Thermal energy from the fire moves to the water in the form of heat. Thermal energy from the surrounding air moves to the water.

Thermal energy from the fire moves to the water in the form of heat.

The table shows information about four objects resting at the top of a hill. Which object is on the tallest hill? W X Y Z

Z

Which activity directly converts energy from the Sun into chemical energy? a snake lying on a sunny rock to keep warm a rabbit using energy from food it has eaten to run a bean plant making its own food to grow a person burning firewood to cook food

a bean plant making its own food to grow

Which substance has the most thermal energy and will have the most heat flow from it? a stovetop burner on medium (200°C) a nuclear reactor core (1000°C) the human body (36°C) air at room temperature (32°C)

a nuclear reactor core (1000°C)

Seema knows the mass of a basketball. What other information is needed to find the ball's potential energy? the volume and height the ball reaches the volume and shape of the ball acceleration due to gravity and the height the ball reaches acceleration due to gravity and the shape of the ball

acceleration due to gravity and the height the ball reaches

What characteristics determine how easily two substances change temperature? Check all that apply. volume of the two substances in contact amount of time the two substances are in contact area in contact between the two substances specific heat of the material that makes up the substances density of the two substances in contact

amount of time the two substances are in contact area in contact between the two substances specific heat of the material that makes up the substances

Mario and Patience are making cookies. They are ready to drop balls of dough on baking sheets. They have baking sheets made of treated glass, aluminum, stainless steel, and copper. The specific heats of these substances are: Treated glass = 0.75 J/g • °C Aluminum = 0.90 J/g • °C Stainless steel = 0.50 J/g • °C Copper = 0.39 J/g • °C Top of Form Based on the specific heat values, which sheet is going to warm up the quickest, and, therefore, bake the cookies the fastest?

copper

Which substance is most likely to heat up the fastest? water (specific heat of 4.19 /g • C°) copper (specific heat of .39 /g • C°) aluminum (specific heat of .90 /g • C°) dry air (specific heat of 1.01 /g • C°)

copper (specific heat of .39 /g • C°)

Which best describes the direction of heat? from a substance with no thermal energy to a substance with high amounts of thermal energy from a substance with less thermal energy to a substance with more thermal energy from a cooler substance to a warmer substance from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

If a cup of coffee is at 90°C and a person with a body temperature of 36°C touches it, how will heat flow between them? from the hand to the cup from the cup to the hand from the cup to the surrounding air from the hand to surrounding air

from the cup to the hand

Alana summarized what happens when a ball sitting on top of a grassy hill rolls down the hill. The motionless ball has potential energy. Once the ball starts to roll down the hill, new kinetic energy is made. As the ball rolls across the grass, it slows down. The kinetic energy of the ball is converted to other forms of energy. Which best describes Alana's error? The motionless ball does not have energy because it is still. Kinetic energy is not made; it is a result of energy transformation. The ball cannot slow down unless someone touches it. The energy is not converted; it disappears.

Kinetic energy is not made; it is a result of energy transformation.

Mintu wants to increase the heat transfer between a metal iron and another piece of metal he wants to shape. He decides to increase the time the two metals are in contact, use a larger metal iron, and use a new metal material with a higher specific heat. Where is Mintu's error? Mintu should have decreased the size of the metal iron. Mintu should have decreased the time he touches the two metals. Mintu should have chosen a material with a lower specific heat. Mintu should have chosen a material the same temperature as the iron.

Mintu should have chosen a material with a lower specific heat.

What occurs at thermal equilibrium? Heat flows from the higher-temperature substance to the lower-temperature substance. Heat flows from the lower-temperature substance to the higher-temperature substance. Heat does not flow because both substances are at the same temperature.

Heat does not flow because both substances are at the same temperature.

water, which boils and produces steam. The steam then turns turbines that generate electricity. Which statement below can be made about the production of electricity in a nuclear reactor? Heat flows in the form of electricity. Heat flows from the reactor to the water. The water produces heat. The steam produces heat.

Heat flows from the reactor to the water.

This chart lists four examples of two objects that are in contact. Which statement accurately describes the flow of heat in each example? Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 2 and 4, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in examples 1 and 3. Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 1 and 3, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in examples 2 and 4. Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in Example 3, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in examples 1, 2, and 4. Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 1, 2, and 4, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in Example 3.

Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 1, 2, and 4, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in Example 3.

Savion listed the steps involved when nuclear power plants generate electricity. 1. Nuclear reaction occurs. 2. Nuclear energy is converted to radiant and thermal energy. 3. Heat is used to generate steam. 4. Light and heat are released. 5. Steam turns turbines. 6. Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy. Which best explains how to correct Savion's error? In step 2, change "radiant and thermal " to "chemical and mechanical." Reorder the steps so that step 4 appears before step 3. Reorder the steps so that step 6 appears before step 5. In step 6, change "mechanical" to "thermal."

Reorder the steps so that step 4 appears before step 3.

_________heat is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C, and it is related to the chemical composition of the substance.

Specific

What happens in terms of energy when a moving car hits a parked car, causing the parked car to move? The moving car transfers kinetic energy to the parked car. Kinetic energy in the moving car disappears. Kinetic energy in the parked car is created. The parked car transfers kinetic energy to the moving car.

The moving car transfers kinetic energy to the parked car.

What must be true about two objects if heat is flowing between them? The objects must be different temperatures. The objects must be the same temperature. The objects must both be over room temperature. The objects must both be under room temperature.

The objects must be different temperatures.

The diagram shows a ball resting at the top of a hill. Which statement best describes the energy in this system? The potential energy in the system is greatest at X. The kinetic energy in the system is greatest at X. Total energy in the system decreases as the ball moves from X to Y. Total energy in the system increases as the ball moves from X to Y.

The potential energy in the system is greatest at X.

Taro stated that when someone hits a golf ball with a club, the amount of energy the ball has changes, the amount of energy that the club has changes, and the total energy of the system that includes the ball and the club increases. Which best explains Taro's error? The amount of energy that the ball has does not change. The amount of energy that the club has does not change. The total energy of the system remains the same. The total energy of the system decreases.

The total energy of the system remains the same.

Heat transfer between two substances is affected by specific heat and the chemical composition of the substances. state of matter of the substances at room temperature. thermal equilibrium of the substances. amount of time and area of physical contact between the substances.

amount of time and area of physical contact between the substances.

Heat flows from_______substances

hot to cold

A roller coaster with a potential energy of 235,200 J sits at the top of a 30 m high hill. What is the mass of the roller coaster? (Formula: PE = mgh) 800 kg 7,840 kg 8,000 kg 78,400 kg

800 kg

Eddie and Val observed the picture of an athlete running in a race. Eddie stated the picture shows potential energy being transformed to kinetic energy. Val stated that it shows chemical energy being transformed to mechanical energy. Which best explains who is correct? Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that starts with chemical energy. Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that ends with mechanical energy. Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy. Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of kinetic energy and mechanical energy includes potential energy.

Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy.

The particles of an ice cube at 0°C (represented by the blue circles) come in contact with the particles of Juan's hand at 37°C (represented by the orange circles). Which diagram correctly represents the temperature of the two substances and the direction of heat flow?

Second one from left

Simone created a chart to summarize the energy transformations that take place when energy from the wind is used to generate electricity. Which best completes the chart? nuclear energy transformed to electrical energy chemical energy transformed to electrical energy radiant energy transformed to mechanical energy kinetic energy transformed to mechanical energy

kinetic energy transformed to mechanical energy

He has the choice to get in the pool, lay on a cotton chaise longue, sit on the porcelain tile bordering the pool, or sit on a plastic chair. The specific heats of these items are: Water = 4.19 J/g•°C Cotton = 1.30 J/g•°C Porcelain = 1.07 J/g•°C Plastic = 1.67 J/g•°C Based on the specific heat values given, where is the coolest location for Vicente to be? pool cotton chaise lounge porcelain tile plastic chair

pool

Plants are responsible for a very important energy transformation, as shown. Which energy transformation does the picture best illustrate? radiant to chemical nuclear to mechanical chemical to thermal mechanical to chemical

radiant to chemical