Henry VIII and the English Reformation

sola fide

Latin phrase meaning "by faith alone", is a Christian theological doctrine that distinguishes most Protestant denominations from Catholicism

Bishop Stephen Gardiner

Stephen Gardner was a senior Catholic cleric whose career in the Church spanned the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Gardner, a Catholic, supported the Reformation under Henry VIII but rejected the move to Protestantism under Edward. Under Mary, Gardner supported the move back to Papal authority within the land.

Restraint of Appeals

The Act, drafted by Thomas Cromwell on behalf of King Henry VIII of England, forbade all appeals to the Pope in Rome on religious or other matters, making the King the final legal authority in all such matters in England, Wales, and other English possessions. This was achieved by claiming that England was an Empire and the English crown was an Imperial Crown

Henry VIII

(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.

praemunire

(English law) a writ charging the offense of resorting to a foreign court or authority, as that of the pope, and thus calling into question the supremacy of the English crown. also can refer to the offense or penalty

Assertio Septem Sacramentorum

1521 - Henry VIII's defense of the 7 sacraments against Luther, 1 of 2 serious responses to Luther, series of proofs for foundations of 7 sacraments according to Scripture and Tradition, earned Henry the title, Difensor Fidei, from Leo X

Catherine of Aragon

1st wife of Henry VIII. Mother of Mary I. Henry's desire for a divorce from her precipitated England's break with Rome.

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

William Tyndale

An English professor who believed that everyone should be able to interpret the Bible. He translated the Bible to English which led for his arrest. However, he escaped and continued to translate the Bible. He was eventually executed.

Thomas Cranmer

Appointed as archbishop of the new church by King Henry, he annulled the king's previous marriage and in 1533 Henry and Anne Boleyn successfully married.

Richard Rich

He had a share in the trials of Thomas More and Bishop John Fisher. In both cases his evidence against the prisoner included admissions made in friendly conversation, and in More's case the words were given a misconstruction that could hardly be other than willful. Lord Chancellor during reign of Edward VI of England in mid 1500s, also worked under Henry VIII. Amoral, financially dishonest, double dealing, perjury and treachery.

Bishop John Fisher

Important martyr during Henry VIII's reign. This man defended Catherine at her trial, and he was the only bishop to refuse to take the oath of succession. he was executed a month before Moore

Cardinal Reginald Pole

Pole returned home in July 1526, when he went to France, escorted by Thomas Lupset. Henry VIII offered him the Archbishopric of York or the Diocese of Winchester if he would support his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Pole withheld his support and went into self-imposed exile in France and Italy in 1532, continuing his studies in Padua and Paris. After his return he held the benefice of Vicar of Piddletown, Dorset, between 20 December 1532 and about January 1535/1536. The final break between Pole and Henry followed upon Thomas Cromwell, Cuthbert Tunstall, Thomas Starkey, and others addressing questions to Pole on behalf of Henry. He answered by sending the king a copy of his published treatise Pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione which, besides being a theological reply to the questions, was a strong denunciation of the king's policies which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife, and denied the Royal Supremacy; Pole also urged the Princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. Henry wrote to the Countess of Salisbury, who in turn sent her son a letter reproving him for his "folly."

Act of Supremacy

Proclaimed King Henry VIII the supreme leader of the Church of England, which meant that the pope was no longer recognized as having any authority within the country, and all matters of faith, ecclesiastical appointment, and maintenance of ecclesiastical properties were in the hands of the king.

Pro Ecclesiasticae Unitatis Defensione

a long treatise by Reginald Pope attacking Henry VIII's claim of royal supremacy over the English church and strongly defending the pope's spiritual authority.

De Vera Obedientia

book by Stephen Gardiner, argued Henry didn't do anything against scripture by breaking with Rome, said that the old testament says king has jurisdiction (conformism view - passively defying)

Cardinal Thomas Wolsey

the English Archbishop, he worked on behalf of Henry VIII to get papal approval for his annulment to Catherine of Aragon, but failed to get any more than a hearing in Rome.

"The Great Bible"

the first authorized edition of the Bible in english authorized by king henry VII to be read aloud in the services held in the church of england

Anne Boleyn

the second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I