Hesi A2 Bio The Cell

Which of the following cell organelles are found in plants but not in animal cells? Endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplasts Mitochondria Vacuoles

Chloroplasts

Which of these correctly defines a prokaryotic cell? A cell without a cell membrane A cell without a nucleus A cell without cytoplasm A cell without ribosomes

A cell without a nucleus

What is the main function of a flagellum? A flagellum is used to attract other prokaryotic cells for sexual reproduction. A flagellum is used to infect the host. A flagellum helps in the locomotion of the organism.

A flagellum helps in the locomotion of the organism.

Which of the following is a function of the cell wall? A plant's cell wall prevents any mechanical or osmotic stress. A plant's cell wall imparts color to the leaves. A plant's cell wall attracts the pollinators. A plant's cell walls reflect the light.

A plant's cell wall prevents any mechanical or osmotic stress.

Endocytosis is a type of __________. Facilitated transport Passive diffusion Active transport Osmosis

Active transport

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport? Active transport requires energy for the transportation of materials along the concentration gradient. Molecules move against the concentration gradient in active transport without needing energy. In both, substances move from high to low concentration regions. Active transport uses energy to move the substances against the concentration gradient.

Active transport uses energy to move the substances against the concentration gradient.

Which of these structures does not differentiate a prokaryotic from a eukaryotic cell? Type of DNA Organelles Nucleus Cell membrane

Cell membrane

The phospholipid bilayer has several functions except for _______________. Ion gradient formation Filtration Energy production Provision of rigidity and support to the cell

Energy production

The process that utilizes the membrane's proteins to move a substance across the membrane is called ___________. Facilitated diffusion Active diffusion Osmosis Passive diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

A cell membrane acts as a semipermeable membrane. What does that mean? It is impermeable to any molecule trying to cross the membrane. It allows only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane. It is only permeable to hydrophilic substances. It allows all types of molecules to cross the membrane.

It allows only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane.

What is the chief role of cholesterol in the cell membrane's function? It forms receptors in the cell membrane. It decreases the permeability of the cell membrane. It increases the strength of the cell membrane. It enhances the diffusion of polar molecules.

It decreases the permeability of the cell membrane.

The cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell has the following characteristic features except: It has fibres that stabilize the cell. It contains microtubules that stimulate cell movement. It is present inside the nucleus. It has microfilaments made up of proteins.

It is present inside the nucleus.

Certain dead cells and foreign substances are normally removed from our cells with the help of cellular digestive enzymes. Which organelles contain these enzymes? Nucleus Golgi complex Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes

Lysosomes

Which of these functions is performed by lysosomes? Lysosomes have a basic internal pH that helps disintegrate the cell. Lysosomes contain specific enzymes that help in carrying out the body's process of food digestion. Lysosomes help in destroying foreign substances. Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion and disintegrate the cell after its death.

Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion and disintegrate the cell after its death.

Which of these is not a part of the endomembrane system of the cell? Lysosome Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Which of the following statements correctly describes mitochondria? Mitochondria can carry out photosynthesis and produce energy. Mitochondria contains digestive enzymes. Mitochondria is responsible for translating mRNA sequences in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration in both plants and animals.

Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration in both plants and animals.

Diffusion is the process of _______________. Movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration across the membrane Movement of molecules within a cell Movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration across the membrane. Movement of water molecules across the cell membrane

Movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration across the membrane.

Which of the following body cells have large amounts of ribosomes? Muscle cell Adipose cell Egg cell Skin cell

Muscle cell

Identify the cell component that is present in both plant and animal cells. Chloroplast Cell wall Central vacuole Nucleolus

Nucleolus

The semipermeable membrane allows the movement of water molecules, along the concentration gradient, using a process called ______________ Osmosis Carrier-mediated transport Facilitated diffusion Passive diffusion

Osmosis

Which one of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane? Help in the interaction of a cell with another cell Permeability to large and highly charged molecules Transportation of nutrients into the cell Protection of the cell from the external environment

Permeability to large and highly charged molecules

The process by which microorganisms are removed from the invaded cells by neutrophils is called _____________. Exocytosis Endocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of phagocytosis? Phagocytosis is the process where the vesicles pinch off from a membrane to transport the substances. Phagocytosis is the process of digesting food particles with the help of digestive enzymes. Phagocytosis is the process where the cell membrane invaginates to engulf food particles and forms a vacuole, within, to digest them. Phagocytosis is the process of excreting the digested food particles through vesicle formation.

Phagocytosis is the process where the cell membrane invaginates to engulf food particles and forms a vacuole, within, to digest them.

Which of the following statements is true? Plant cells contain chloroplasts, photosynthetic organelles which have chlorophyll pigments within. Plant cells contain mitochondria that help in the process of photosynthesis Plant cells contain both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum that carry out photosynthesis. Plant cells contain Golgi complexes that aid in the process of photosynthesis.

Plant cells contain chloroplasts, photosynthetic organelles which have chlorophyll pigments within.

Which one of the following statements justifies the comparison of plant and animal cells? Animal cells have a fixed shape while plant cells have an irregular shape. Plant cells have only one large central vacuole, and animal cells have one or more small vacuoles. Both plant and animal cells have a cell wall. Chloroplast is present in both animal and plant cells.

Plant cells have only one large central vacuole, and animal cells have one or more small vacuoles.

Which of the following statements about plant vacuoles is correct? Plant and animal cells have numerous vacuoles that differ in size. Plant cells have one large vacuole whereas animal cells do not have any vacuoles. Plant cells have numerous small vacuoles whereas animal cells have only one large vacuole. Plant cells have only one large vacuole whereas animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.

Plant cells have only one large vacuole whereas animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.

Which of the following is the function of the Golgi complex? The Golgi complex helps in sorting the new proteins into the vesicles. The Golgi complex helps the endoplasmic reticulum to synthesize the proteins. The Golgi complex helps in the storage of lipids.

The Golgi complex helps in sorting the new proteins into the vesicles.

Which of these is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Lysosome Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome

Ribosome

Which of these is a function of the ribosome? Ribosomes are responsible for the intracellular digestion of waste products. Ribosomes help in amino acid assembly and in the formation of peptide bonds. Ribosomes help in transcribing the DNA information onto the RNA strand. Ribosomes carry out cellular respiration to release oxygen.

Ribosomes help in amino acid assembly and in the formation of peptide bonds.

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? Rough ER helps in protein synthesis required for the rest of the cellular function. Rough ER is responsible for the detoxification process. Rough ER helps primarily in protein metabolism. Rough ER helps in lipid storage.

Rough ER helps in protein synthesis required for the rest of the cellular function.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps in which of the following functions? Smooth ER plays an important role in protein synthesis. Smooth ER helps to store old cellular materials that will eventually need to be digested. Smooth ER regulates the synthesis of various lipids and hormones. Smooth ER aids in protein modification and folding process.

Smooth ER regulates the synthesis of various lipids and hormones.

Which of the following functions are carried out by the cytoskeleton of the cell? The cytoskeleton helps in the assembly of amino acids for protein synthesis. The cytoskeleton helps in cell division and cytokinesis. The cytoskeleton helps in DNA synthesis. The cytoskeleton gives shape to the entire body structure.

The cytoskeleton helps in cell division and cytokinesis.

Mitochondria carry out the most vital function in the cell. What are the end products of this physiological reaction? The end products mainly consist of ATP molecules with water and carbon dioxide as the byproducts. The end products consist of ATP molecules and glucose with oxygen as a byproduct. The end products mainly consist of large amounts of carbon dioxide and water.

The end products mainly consist of ATP molecules with water and carbon dioxide as the byproducts.

Which of the following describes the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum? The endoplasmic reticulum is a double-membrane vesicle that transports proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum is a double-membraned organelle that contains nucleic acids. The endoplasmic reticulum is a fibrous complex of proteins suspended in the cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum is an interwoven network of membranes that extends from the surface of the nuclear membrane.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an interwoven network of membranes that extends from the surface of the nuclear membrane.

Which of the following best defines the function of the cell nucleus during reproduction? The nucleus is responsible for the production of egg and sperm cells. The nucleus contains hereditary units which are passed on from parents to offspring during reproduction. The nucleus helps the fertilization process by attracting the sperm cell to the egg cell. The nucleus plays a major role in zygote formation.

The nucleus contains hereditary units which are passed on from parents to offspring during reproduction.

Which of the following functions are carried out by the nucleus? The nucleus synthesizes ribosomes. The nucleus helps in the disposal of wastes from the cell. The nucleus is responsible for the storage of substances in the cell. The nucleus regulates the DNA transcription and translation process.

The nucleus regulates the DNA transcription and translation process.

What is the main difference between the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? The rough ER is responsible for detoxification whereas smooth ER is responsible for protein synthesis. The rough ER is present in the nucleus whereas the smooth ER is present in the cytoplasm. The rough ER is double membraned whereas the smooth ER is a single membraned organelle. The rough ER has ribosomes on its membrane surface whereas the smooth ER does not.

The rough ER has ribosomes on its membrane surface whereas the smooth ER does not.

How does a semipermeable membrane prevent the entry of toxic substances into a cell? Only through active diffusion of molecules across the membrane By blocking the movement of any molecules Through the passage of certain types of molecules or ions by passive diffusion By allowing all the molecules to diffuse easily across the membrane

Through the passage of certain types of molecules or ions by passive diffusion

Exocytosis facilitates which of the following functions? Transport of material from the intracellular matrix to the extracellular matrix Transport of water from the extracellular matrix to the intracellular matrix Transport of large material, including cells, into the cell Transport of material from the extracellular matrix to the intracellular matrix

Transport of material from the intracellular matrix to the extracellular matrix

Which of the following statements correctly describes plant vacuoles? Vacuoles are a complex network of proteins that help in photosynthesis. Vacuoles are empty spaces that are filled with air required for cellular respiration. Vacuoles are small membrane vesicles that help in digesting the wastes from the body. Vacuoles are empty spaces that exert pressure on the cell wall known as the turgor pressure.

Vacuoles are empty spaces that exert pressure on the cell wall known as the turgor pressure.