Hi Q Biology
When did Robert Hooke first describe cells?
1665
When did Robert Brown coin the term "nucleus"?
1831
When did Matthias Schleiden develop the first statement of cell theory based on his studies of plant tissues?
1838
When did Theodor Schwann report that all animal tissue also consists of cells?
1939
How many sodium ions can the sodium potassium pump transfer per second when working full tilt?
300
What color is the product of X-gal metabolism?
Blue
By which protein do AIDS viruses dock on to human white blood cells?
CD4
molecules that bring cholesterol into a cell where it can be incorporated into membranes
LDL
Expends metabolic energy to drive Na+ ions in one direction and K+ ions in another
Sodium-Potassium pump
Who won the Nobel Prize for ushering in the age of genetic engineering?
Stanley Cohen
A heat-stable type of DNA polymerase
Taq polymerase
What two scientists discovered restriction enzymes?
Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith
What did Robert Hooke call the compartments in the cork?
cellulae
Cells of plants and fungi have cell walls composed of what two things? (separate by comma, alphabetical order)
cellulose, chitin fibers
The use of the proton pump to generate ATP
chemiosmosis
The protein that anchors receptor molecules to the inside of the membrane
clathrin
microscopes that magnify in stages using several lenses
compound microscopes
semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
cytoplasm
an internal protein scaffold within eukaryotic cells
cytoskeleton
What process can be used to separate DNA fragments according to size?
electrophoresis
The process in which the cell membrane engulfs a particle and forms a vesicle around it
endocytosis
the means by which eukaryotes achieve compartmentalization
endomembrane system
creates a series of channels and interconnections within the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
The process by which vesicular materials are discharged from the cell's surface, such as the discharge of a contractile vacuole
exocytosis
long, threadlike projections from the surface of a prokaryotic cell, used to move and feed
flagella
the analysis of tissue samples
histology
A disease in which cholesterol receptors are faulty and therefore cannot take in cholesterol, instead leaving it to stay in the bloodstream and coat arteries and veins
hypercholesterolemia
the use of antibiotics to bind to very specific molecular structures
immunocytochemistry
A gene required to produce beta glactosidase, an enzyme that allows the cells to metabolize the super X-gal
lacZ'
A sealing enzyme that joins corresponding sticky ends
ligase
zones within the plasma membrane that are heavily enriched in cholesterol and therefore more tightly packed than the surrounding membrane
lipid rafts
finger-like projections that increase the surface area of a cell
microvilli
darker region of the nucleus in which several hundred genes encode rRNA
nuceolus
a special kind of membrane that binds the surface of the nucleus
nuclear envelope
selective openings covering the nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
the region within a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is found
nucleoid region
What was the first plasmid used successfully in 1973 to transfer a vertebrate gene from one organism to another?
pSC101
A more specific name for endocytosis when the matter taken in by the cell is particulate
phagocytosis
modified fat molecules that form the lipid layer foundation of a plasma membrane
phospholipids
hairlike structures that occur of the cells of some prokaryotes
pili
The process by which a cell takes in liquid through endocytosis
pinocytosis
a tiny circle of bacterial DNA that is able to replicate outside of the main bacterial chromosome
plasmid
a complex channel that expends metabolic energy to pump protons across membranes
proton pump
the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points
resolution
Special enzymes that bind to specific short sequences on DNA
restriction endonucleases
An enzyme used to make cDNA out of an isolated mRNA strand
reverse transcriptase
a structure that reads that RNA copy of a gene and uses the information to direct the construction of a protein
ribosome
the kind of electron microscope in which electrons are beamed on to the surface of the specimen
scanning electron microscope
a basic structure of proteins embedded in a sheet of lipids
the fluid mosaic model
the process by which a bacterial cell takes up a plasmid from surrounding solution
transformation
a specially constructed spiral helix of nonpolar amino acids that transverses the lipid bilayer
transmembrane proteins
microscopes in which the electrons used to visualize the specimen are transmitted through the material
transmission electron microscopes
the molecule of DNA that transports the gene into a cell
vector
