HIS 102 Chapter 17
Among the laboring classes, guild masters
were a small minority of the population who jealously guarded their membership.
The leadership of the Dutch people in farming methodology can be attributed primarily to
the necessity to provide for a densely populated country.
Which of the following best characterizes the condition of the peasants in western Europe in the eighteenth century?
Peasants were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children.
Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when European nations developed
the Atlantic economy.
According to recent scholarship, during the eighteenth century the guild system
remained flexible as masters adopted new technologies and circumvented impractical rules
The spinning of thread for the loom
required the work of several spinners for each loom, which led merchants to employ the wives and daughters of agricultural workers at terribly low wages.
Who provided the labor force for Britain's initial colonization of Australia?
Convicted prisoners
Which of the following correctly characterizes eighteenth-century colonial trade in Europe?
In England, the mercantalist system achieved remarkable success as British trade with its colonies grew substantially.
What was the status of Jews in European colonies in the eighteenth century?
Jews faced numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but were considered to be white Europeans and thus could not be enslaved.
In Africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in
More wars and likely fewer people
Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?
The Dutch East India Company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe
In the eighteenth century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with
The british colonial empire
How did the problem of food shortages change in western Europe in the eighteenth century?
The considerable road and canal building of the eighteenth century permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local crop failure and famine.
From 1701 to 1763, what was at stake in the warfare between Great Britain and France?
The position as Europe's leading maritime power with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion
Why did European slave traders in Africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the eighteenth century?
The shore method permitted Europeans to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas.
Within the family, the operation of the loom
Was considered a man's job reserved for the male head of the household
The primary cause for the substantial population growth in Europe in the eighteenth century was
a decline in mortality.
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, armies affected population growth in all of the following ways except
a large number of individuals were killed on the battlefield.
The idea of the industrious revolution is best understood as a result of
poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to be used to buy consumer goods.
The Englishman Jethro Tull
sought to critically analyze farming methods and develop better methods about farming through empirical research.
The rural putting-out system had all of the following competitive advantages except
the workers had to purchase the raw material themselves, saving the merchant capital expenses.
Merchant capitalists complained bitterly about
their inability to directly supervise and direct the work of rural laborers.
In the eighteenth century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with
the british colonial empire
Christianity in colonial societies in the Americas
took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made Christianity more comprehensible to indigenous peoples.
Which of the following best describes the open-field system of the Middle Ages?
The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not enclosed by fences or hedges.
Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era?
The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners.
Which of the following best characterizes the regions to which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas?
About 90 percent of slaves were transported to Brazil or the Caribbean, with only 3 percent brought to North America.
The English Navigation Acts mandated that all English imports and exports be transported on English ships, and they also
gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies.
In the eighteenth century, the advocates for agricultural innovation argued that
landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently.
With the development of Spanish colonial society, by the eighteenth century
the colonial elite came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in Spain.
At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that
the pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of the citizens.
The British won the American component of the Seven Years' War because
they diverted men and money from Europe to the American theater.