HIST 1302 - Unit 2 - Study Guide

Albert Beveridge

Albert Beveridge was US Senator from Indiana (1899-1911), and a fervent supporter of American imperialism. He gave his famous speech "The March of the Flag" as a campaign speech on September 16, 1898. This speech and his support helped convince the people to support US expansion, specifically the territories acquired from the Spanish-American War.

Alfred T. Mahan

Alfred Thayer Mahan was a US naval officer stationed in Latin America. He read many books on naval history, then wrote his own in 1890 titled "The Influence of Sea Power upon History." In this book he concluded that all great empires throughout history maintained powerful navies. He proposed the idea that the US should develop a powerful navy as well. However, he felt that instead of taking over extensive territories, the US should acquire strategic locations around the world to excerpt economic influence. This would result in the US navy supporting capitalism, a foreign and military policy which still prevails in modern times.

Alice Paul

Alice Paul was a Quaker social worker who had participated in suffrage activism in England. She returned to the US in 1910 and joined forces with NAWSA. She organized marches and protests, but was too aggressive for members of NAWSA. In 1916 she founded the militant National Woman's Party which became the radical voice of the suffrage movement.

Essay 1

Americans acquired an empire in the late 19th centruy as a result of the Spanish-American war. In an effort to assist Cubans against harsh treatment by the Spanish we ended up at war with the spanish. The US decided to attack on multiple fronts, and quickly defeated spain in Cuba and the Philippines.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Carrie Chapman Catt was a woman's suffrage leader who replaced Susan B Anthony as the leader of NAWSA whose membership grew to over 2 million supporters. In 1917 she gave a speech on suffrage before congress. Her efforts were one of the most significant contributions to the Woman's suffrage movement.

Theodore Roosevelt

He became president in 1901. He felt that the US being called a world power, and acting as a world power were two different ideas. He was caught up in the culture of masculinity. He feels that the United States' honor is at stake and that we need to go out into the world and show that we are powerful. The US will act as a policeman in the event of flagrant wrongdoing on the part of other people in Latin America. This gets asserted many times in the 20th century.

NAWSA

In 1890 the National American woman Suffrage Association formed from the NWSA and AWSA.. These organizations fought to get women the right to vote. They started by focusing on a state by state strategy. By 1910 there were a handful of states that granted women the right to vote. After that, suffrage leaders added a federal campaign to amend the constitution to their strategy.in 1918 President Wilson finally gave his support to suffrage, and in 1919, Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the vote, and by August 1920 the required two-thirds of the states had ratified it.

Muller v. Oregon

In 1908 the U.S. Supreme Court reversed its previous rulings and upheld Muller v. Oregon. This was an Oregon law that limited the number of hours a woman could work to 10 per day. A mass of sociological evidence convinced the court that long hours endangered women and therefore the entire human race. While this did lead to other protective measures, many people questioned the effectiveness because it went against the idea that women should be considered equal

Muckracking

Journalistic practice of reporting corporate and political wrongdoing as well as social injustice in the early 20th century progressive era. New journals were created, the journalist went to factories to observe and report on bad conditions. This practice exposed the harsh realities of life of the poor and the laborers to the rest of america in an effort to increase awareness and gain sympathy.

The Lusitania

May 7 1915 - passenger liner sunk without warning by the germans. They claimed that the ship was carrying ammo and guns in boxes labled furs so it was not a neutral ship. Wilson sent two strongly worded notes demanding payment and to stop unrestricted submarine warfare. In response the gemans agree to stop unrestricted sub warfare. Things calm down and germans prevent americans from getting involved in the war.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

On March 25 1911, a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in the Asch Building in Manhattan NYC. Crowded work conditions and the lack of building safety codes lead to the death of 146 people. The owners Isaac Harris and Max Blanck were able to escape the fire. They were charged with manslaughter, but were acquitted by a jury of men. This tragedy lead to laws regarding building and fire safety, and workers protections.

Hepburn Act

The Hepburn Act of 1906 marked the crowning legislative achievement of Roosevelt;s presidency it gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set rates subject to court review. For the first time, a government commission had the power to investigate private business records and to set rates

Spanish-American War

The Spanish-American war began as a humanitarian effort to free Cuba from Spain's colonial control and ended with the US itself acquiring territory overseas and fighting a dirty guerrilla war with Filipino nationalists who , like the Cubans, sought independence. The US entered the war based on 3 significant factors, journalist, money, and an explosion. On Feb 15 1898, the US main was destroyed by a mysterious explosion in the Havana Harbor, this was extensively covered by journalist who blamed it on Spain. this press coupled with the loss of trade revenue with Cuba lead the US to declare war on Spain in April 1898. The US secured a quick victory which gives Americans a sense of confidence that they might be ready to be major world players.

W.E.B. DuBois

W.E.B. DuBois was a Harvard graduate that urged African Americans to fight for civil rights and racial justice. He founded the Niagara movement in 1905, calling for universal male suffrage, civil rights, and leadership composed of black intellectual elite. In 1909, the Niagara movement helped found the national Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In the decades that followed, the NAACP came t represent the future for African Americans.

Dollar Diplomacy

in 1909, when William Taft began his presidency, he and his state department pushed commercial goals rather than the strategic aims that Roosevelt had pursued. This dollar diplomacy build on the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe doctrine to use our military might to extend our sphere of influence. This idea is still in use today as our military defends the financial interests of american corporations.

Social Gospel

social gospel was a progressive movement at the end of the 19th century. Walter Rauschenbusch was a leading theologian behind the idea of the social gospel. Between 1886 and 1897 he was a pastor in hell's kitchen, an area of extreme poverty. He began to feel the Christianity needed to do something to address poverty. He developed a theory that sin is a social phenomenon. Social sins against humanity needed to be addressed for Christianity to be relevant.