HIST 2100 Exam 1

1876 election between Rutherford B. Hayes (republican) and Samuel J. Tilden (democrat) will be decided by

"Compromise of 1877"

what happened if anyone was excluded from voting due to race?

# of representative reduced

"Compromise of 1877"

- Count was: o184 - Tilden to 166 - Hayes -The number need to win was 185 - The election goes to congress - Senate votes for Hayes and the house votes for Tilden oDecide to set up 15-member commission to decide - 5 from house, 5 from senate, and 5 from supreme court - by straight parry vote 8-7 commission picks Hayes oDemocrats did a filibuster o Republican leaders met secretly with southern democrats late February 1877 - and REACH AN AGREEMENT called the "Compromise of 1877" Æ Southern democrats say we wont filibuster if you pull the army out and end reconstruction in the south Æ Republican leaders said were okay with this deal if you promise to treat everyone fairly o HAYES WINS!

the military reconstruction act

- ten unreconstructed confederate states were divided into 5 military districts Congress placed a union general in charge of each distict and instructed him to "suppress insurrection, disorder, and violence" and to brgin political refrom -

Lincoln's Plan for reconstruction

-full pardon and restoration of all property(except slaves) to those who took and oath of loyalty and pledged to abolish slaver - He did not want to punish the South. He wanted a peaceful rejoining of the Nation

the 14th amendment was reject by ____________

10 southern states

What were the three reconstruction amendments?

13th, 14th, and 15th

Granted citizenship to all born in the US (aimed at African Americans, overturned Dred Scott), provided equal protection of the laws passed in june 1866

14th amendment

In 1866, the moderates produced _ ______ that strengthened

2 bills, the federal shield

in early 1867 we have ____ different reconstruction acts passed under __________ reconstruction

3, congressional

South split into ____ military districts under __________ reconstruction under __________ reconstruction

5, congressional

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment. passed by Grant

Doesn't learn to read till hes an adult - teaches himself how to read Has a very abrasive personality - not easy to get along with - comes from humble upbringing did not have a lot when he was growing up Did not quit congress when the war started but he was not really a republican

Andrew Johnson

15th amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction

Citizens of a state had to renounce the right of secession, deny that the debts of the confederacy were leagal and binding, and had to ratify the 13th amendment.

The second bill the moderates measured would become the _____ _____ ___ __ ____ and Johnson vetoed it. And the first time congress

Civil Rights Act of 1866, overrode a veto

13th amenment

Emancipation. All slaves are free

Helped African Americans adjust to freedom; helped to provide services, acquire land and find work for fair wages.

Freedmen's Bureau

Conducted Total War against the Confederacy.

General Sherman

what two presidents did presidential reconstruction include?

Lincoln and Johnson

Why does Louisiana not get issued back into the Union

Lincoln said you have to include the black vote

They refused to accept even Johnson's mild requirement and what did Johnson do? And because of this, White southerners began to think that by _________ __ ___ _________ ______ _____ _____ ___ ____ __ _____________

Nothing, standing up for themselves they could shape the terms of reconstruction

What were the 2 major phases of reconstruction?

Presidential and Congressional

In 1863 Lincoln issued

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Set out Lincoln's terms for reconstruction: offered full pardon to Southerners who would take oath of allegiance to the Union and acknowledge emancipation

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.

Radical Republicans

White southerners who joined the Republican party because they offered the best chance for the South's reconstruction o White southerners who voted republican o Liked republicans promises to rebuild the south o Various type of people, but most will end up as democrats as more black voters support the republicans o Black voters made up about 17-80% of republican voters

Scalawags

Loopholes with the 15th amendment

Southerns would not let previous slaves vote and say that the reason they wouldn't allow this was not because of the color of their skin but because they were once a slave

Radical republicans push for harsher plans and lincoln even has to veto one who are two radical republicans?

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner

What would be an advantage for the north if they were to free the slaves right away?

They could say we freed all of the slaves

Two terms, was elected in 1868 and reelection in 1872 Administration is remembered for its corruption Presides over the country at a very corrupt time called "___ ______ ___". Congressmen were openly _____ ____. One of the most inexperienced presidents we've ever had - was a general - and not good political judgment. Very awestruck with money and power so he liked having friends in high places and kind of got lost in that

Ulysses S. Grant, The Gilded Age, taking bribes

Thaddeus stevens

a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s

Despit Lincoln's best efforts he is assinated in _____ and is still no ways for reconstruction

april 1865

The Wade-Davis Bill demanded that __ _____ ____ __ ____ _______ __ __ _________ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ __________before reconstruction could begin. It banned almost all __-_________ ____ __________ ___ ___ _______ __ __ ____ _________. It guaranteed __ _____ __ ______ ____ ___ _____.

at least half of the voters in a conquered state take the oath of allegiance, ex-confederates from participation in the drafting of new state constitutions, the equality of freedmen before the law.

Laws passed by state governments in the south in 1865 that sought to keep ex-slaves subordinate to whites. At the core of the ____ _____ lay the desire to force freedmen back to the plantations.

black codes

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

carpetbaggers

Grant was very _________ __ ____________ - including the race part and worked to try and repair our relationship with __________

committed to reconstruction, Britain

Johnson also returned all ____________ and __________ ______ to pardoned ___-____________, even if the ______ ____________ __ _________.

confiscated and abandoned land, ex-Confederates, land belonged to freedmen

under __________ reconstruction, every state had to write a new ___________ including the ______ ______ and __ __________

congressional, constitution, black vote, 14th amendment

under __________ reconstruction leading confederates were

congressional, stripper of their votes and excluded from office

Johnson was a __________ all of his life and occupied the White House only because the republican party in 1864 needed a vice presidential candidate who would appeal to _______ _______-___________ ___________.

democrat, loyal Union-supporting democrats.

Slowly the republican governments in the south will be replaced by __________ governments - will be bad for ______ because they are the ____ ____ ______. A ___ ____ ____ law

democratic, blacks, new white party, post civil war

During Grant's second term corruption became WORSE - when a _______ ___ __ _____

depression hits in 1873

Johnson _______ _______ _______ and ______ _______ ____ __ __ ____ _________ that was made by General Sherman and the Freedmen's Bureau to settle blacks on land of their own.

didn't punish treason and make planters pay as he had promised

A law issued by Lincoln freeing the slaves in the confederate states. This made the civil war a moral war to end slavery.

emancipation

Johnson opposed republican efforts to

expand the power of the federal government

As the northern army is occupying territory what three things does the federal government need to

free slaves from their masters, replace confederate government officials, and appoint military governors over conquered territory

What would be some disadvantages for the north if they were to free the slaves right away?

if the economy tanks the responsibility is on you, the north is trying to march and the roads would be clogged up with slaves, and don't want to disrupt the system

What was Lincoln's major concern during reconstruction

keeping the country together (enslaved or free)

after congress had limited Johnsons power, Johnson

keeps interfering so congress threatens impeachment

Congress agreed Lincoln's plan was inadequate. In July 1864, congressman Henry Winter Davis of Maryland and Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio jointly sponsored their own ____ _________ _______________ ____. When Lincoln refused to

less forgiving reconstruction bill

congress votes to have Johnson impeached but

looses by one vote

Who would measure black voters under __________ reconstruction

military, congressional

Laws were passed that gave married women the right to ___ ________ - mostly for when the husband dies she ____ ___ ______. A ___ ____ ____ law

own property, gets the property, post civil war

large-scale southern farmers who owned more than 20 slaves

planters

congress has to limit the ________ __ ___ ________ as __________ __ ________

powers of the president as commander in chief

Johnson didn't have a vice president so the ________ __ ___ ______ would come up BUT he was a _______ _______ so people were

president of the senate, radical republican, more scared of him than they wanted Johnson out

In the summer of 1865, delegated across the south

refused to accept even Johnson's mild requirements

Johnson defended states' rights but not

secession

Johnson was a support of

slavery

after the state has done what congress asked, election would be set up for _____ _________ and __________. under __________ reconstruction

state officials, congressmen, congressional

Lincoln's plan for reconstruction - former Confederate states would be readmitted to the Union if 10% of their citizens took a loyalty oath including a clause about emancipation in 1860 election

ten percent plane

what made registering black voters desirable? why?

the 14th amendment because the state's number of representative was now based on the number of qualified voters

The first bill the moderates proposed in 1866 that Andrew Johnson vetoed

the freedmen bureau

During the war, what forced the federal government step in?

the north was occupying some of the south

Radical republicans wanted states back but only if

they showed clear evidence their thought process has changed

What 3 questions did Reconstruction answer?

what do we do with the rebels, how do we put blacks into society and how do we put the country back together

However the 15th amendment still didn't allow _________ to vote.

women