HIST1301: Ch. 8 Inquizitive

Complete the passage to describe the impact of nativists in the United States during the nineteenth century.

During the waves of large-scale immigration in the mid-nineteenth century, nativist organizations, such as the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, grew into a political party called the American party. The party's focus on limiting the political influence of immigrants led to victories in state and local elections in 1854. Its influence subsided shortly thereafter as slavery became the central issue of the time.

Irish immigrants who arrived a few years before them.

Correct Answer(s) A large number of German immigrants were professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, teachers, and engineers, whereas most of the Irish were poor, unskilled laborers. The majority of German immigrants belonged to various Protestant denominations. Germans tended to settle in rural areas, whereas the Irish generally settled in cities. Incorrect Answer(s) Members of the German immigrant community were able to rise to the top of their respective fields, whereas no Irish managed to establish remarkable careers.

Identify how import tariffs affected the United States.

Correct Answer(s) Businesses took advantage of increased costs of foreign products by increasing the price of domestic-made goods. Reduced foreign competition in the national marketplace led to the growth of U.S. industry. Incorrect Answer(s) Women in the Lowell system factories went on strike as a result. The British stopped importing American cotton in retaliation, leading to a slowdown of economic growth in the South.

What can we infer about why the federal government would have supported the construction of transportation and communication systems across the nation?

Correct Answer(s) It encouraged the growth of cities as well as the expansion of American trade. It helped open the Far West for settlement. Incorrect Answer(s) It was an uncontroversial project, the funding of which the Constitution specified was the role of the federal government. It created equal economic opportunities and outcomes for Americans.

How did the new array of professions in the nineteenth century impact American society?

Correct Answer(s) The medical profession lost the trust of Americans because of the lack of required formal training. Some women could work as nurses or teachers, although most women still mainly worked in the home or on a farm. Teaching provided an opportunity for young adults to relocate from rural areas to more populous cities and towns. Incorrect Answer(s) Equal opportunities were extended to all factory workers.

Identify the ways the market economy differed from the "household" economy.

Correct Answer(s) The standard of living rose. Demand for internal improvements increased. Households began producing surplus crops and livestock to be sold for cash. Incorrect Answer(s) Boom-and-bust cycles declined.

Identify the ways in which the transportation revolution changed the economic landscape during the first half of the nineteenth century.

Correct Answer(s) The use of steamboats created a transcontinental market and a commercial agricultural empire. New roads reduced transportation costs, creating new markets and stimulating the growth of towns. The creation and use of railroads made the transportation of people and freight cheaper and faster over greater distances. Incorrect Answer(s) Redesigned steamboats for ocean travel moved twice as fast as older merchant ships.

Identify the elements in the image that contributed to the transformation of the economic landscape in the first half of the nineteenth century.

Correct Answer(s) steam-powered industries construction of railroads Incorrect Answer(s) strict federal regulation of monopolies in the economy increased focus on religion

Watch the following video in which author David Shi discusses the shift from a household economy to a market economy during the first half of the nineteenth century. Identify the factor that caused this shift.

Correct Answer(s) the invention of new technology for agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation Incorrect Answer(s) the decline of labor unions

Complete the passage to describe the economic transition the United States underwent in the first half of the nineteenth century.

During the eighteenth century, the primary economic system was the household economy. In the early nineteenth century, developments in transportation contributed to a shift toward a market economy. This change improved the standard of living of the average American.

Identify the idea promoted by Horace Mann that prompted an explosion in the number of schools during the first half of the nineteenth century.

Free public education was the best way to discipline youths and train them for citizenship.

During the first half of the nineteenth century, a number of advancements in transportation helped accelerate the movement of goods throughout the country and connect America to foreign markets. Identify the effects each of these modes of transportation had on the economy.

New infrastructure, including turnpikes, increased the speed and efficiency of this form of travel. ANSWER: stagecoach This method of transport brought two-way traffic to the Mississippi and Ohio River systems, which spanned almost half the continent. ANSWER: steamboat This form of transport was twice as fast as older merchant vessels. ANSWER: clipper ship This was the best form of transportation in terms of speed, carrying capacity, and reliability. ANSWER: :railroad

Match each group with the description of how the new market-based economy impacted the ways they lived and worked.

Their population expanded and a growing number were forced to labor on southern cotton plantations. ANSWER: enslaved African Americans They took jobs that paid very low wages and settled together in cities of the Northeast. ANSWER: Irish immigrants They worked in an increasing variety of jobs that included teachers, engineers, doctors, and lawyers. ANSWER: professionals They left their family homes and worked in textile factories that strictly regulated their behavior and morality. ANSWER: women mill workers Their daily lives were more closely managed and regulated in factories. ANSWER: :industrial workers

The last decades of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century saw a dramatic increase in the number of law schools that trained a growing number of attorneys.

false

The Industrial Revolution had significant impacts on environmental and living conditions.

True

Place in chronological order the events related to the rise of textile manufacturing in New England.

U.S. textile production had never exceeded one-sixth of Great Britain's production. Thomas Jefferson's embargo of 1807 encouraged the production of U.S. textiles. The federal government introduced tariffs on British textiles to help protect U.S. industry after the War of 1812. The Lowell system of textile manufacturing created a mechanized model for mill towns.

Identify the invention that sparked an economic revolution by transforming southern agriculture.

cotton gin

Nativists were U.S. citizens who organized politically to defend the rights of non-citizen Native Americans, as the United States expanded westward into their lands.

false

Americans earned a reputation as being "inventive" because of all the patents that were approved and led to significant improvements in the quality of life in the United States.

true