Histo. Unit 2 Q/A

A 45-year old male experiencing severe headaches visits his local hospital where radiological exams revealed a tumor in the pars distalis of his pituitary gland, but no infiltration or impingement of the pars nervosa. Given the location of the tumor, symptoms of such a condition vary widely depending on the type of cells involved. Secretion of all of the following hormones could be affected, EXCEPT: A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Thyroid stimulating hormone C. Luteinizing hormone D. Growth hormone E. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A. Antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following hormones are secreted into the bloodstream by neurons or modified neurons? Select all that apply. A. Oxytocin B. Prolactin C. ADH D. Cortisol E. Norepinephrine F. Melatonin G. Calcitonin H. Thyrotroph stimulating hormone(TSH) I. ACTH

A. Oxytocin C. ADH E. Norepinephrine F. Melatonin H. Thyrotroph stimulating hormone(TSH)

A 32-year-old female is diagnosed with a pituitary adenoma, a tumor arising from the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis. Given the location of the tumor, symptoms of such a condition vary widely depending on the type of cells and hormones involved. All of the following are possible symptoms resulting from overproduction of hormones within the adenohypophysis, EXCEPT: A. Painful labor-like contractions of the uterus in females B. Changes in menstrual cycles in women and erectile dysfunction in men C. Weight loss, anxiety, elevated heart rate and blood pressure changes D. Acromegaly (enlargement of the extremities or limbs and thickening of the skull and jaw) E. Inappropriate growth of breasts and increased lactation

A. Painful labor-like contractions of the uterus in females

Neuroendocrine signaling cascades that regulate cortisol secretion primarily involve coordinated activity amongst which organs? A. Hypothalamus, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands B. Hypothalamus, pituitary glands, adrenal glands C. Liver, pituitary glands, adrenal glands D. Pituitary glands, adrenal glands, parathyroid glands E. Pituitary glands, adrenal glands, thyroid glands

B. Hypothalamus, pituitary glands, adrenal glands

Pheochromocytomas are tumours that usually leads to hypersecretion of the catecholamines. Which region of the adrenal gland is involved in production of catecholamines? A. Capsular connective tissue B. Medulla C. Zona fasciculata D. Zona glomerulosa E. Zona reticularis

B. Medulla

A 62-year old man is brought to the office due to recurrent headaches and vomiting. Neurological examination suggests an intracranial mass located in the dorsal midbrain. These types of tumors typically arise from the pineal gland; it is therefore possible for this patient to experience circadian rhythm abnormalities. Which of the following best describes normal regulation of circadian rhythms? A. Darkness stimulates melanin production B. Sunlight inhibits pinealocyte secretion C. Darkness stimulates pituicyte secretion D. Sunlight stimulates melatonin production E. Darkness inhibits pinealocyte secretion

B. Sunlight inhibits pinealocyte secretion

Administration of a drug causes increased secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine by the adrenal medulla. This most likely occurs because the drug: A. Increases secretion of ACTH B. Inhibits production of steroid hormones C. Mimics the activity of sympathetic neurons D. Activates enzymes that mediate the breakdown of cortisol derivatives E. Stimulates release of hypothalamic inhibitory hormones

C. Mimics the activity of sympathetic neurons

A 34-year old woman comes to the office after experiencing abnormal menstrual periods and hirsutism (male-pattern hair growth). Examination of her ovaries and related hormones showed did not reveal any abnormalities. Which of the regions in the endocrine organ would you examine next?

D- Zona Reticularis (secretes gonadocorticoids- "sex steriods")

Which of the following cells secrete thyroid stimulating hormone under normal conditions? A. Chromaffin Cells B. Acidophilic Somatotrophs C. Hypothalamic Basotrophs D. Basophilic Thyrotrophs E. Acidophilic corticotrophs

D. Basophilic Thyrotrophs

A drug that blocks the secretory activity of pituitary acidophilic cells would most likely: A. Decrease secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid gland B. Increase secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary C. Decrease secretion of growth hormone by mammotrophs D. Decrease stimulation of mammary glands E. Increase secretion of aldosterone by adrenal gland

D. Decrease stimulation of mammary glands

A 30-year old woman is diagnosed with Addison's disease, adrenal gland insufficiency most commonly caused by autoantibodies against the adrenal cortex, without affecting chromaffin cells. Histopathological examination of an adrenal gland biopsy confirms the diagnosis by revealing atrophy (cell death) of all three cortical zones. As a result of her condition, this patient will most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms? A. Insomnia and other sleep abnormalities B. Abnormal cell metabolism, heat production, and sweating C. Headaches, low heart rate, depression and anxiety D. Inadequate regulation of urine volume and blood pressure E. Low blood calcium levels and brittle bones

D. Inadequate regulation of urine volume and blood pressure