History 105 Final Set

What was one important legacy of the Declaration of Independence? A. It immediately resulted in Great Britain granting independence to its colonies. B. Spain welcomed the document, printing multiple copies for its citizens. C. It inspired future revolutions against despotic governments. D. It led to an immediate alliance with France. E. It weakened the resolve of British military commanders fighting against the Patriots.

C. It inspired future revolutions against despotic governments.

Which is true of paper money in America in the early nineteenth century? A. It could be issued only by the federal government. B. It was in limited supply and used extensively only in the larger cities. C. It represented a promise to pay the bearer, on demand, a specific amount of gold or silver. D. Its value was determined by the president of the Second Bank of the United States. E. Its value could not legally exceed the amount of money that the bank printing it held in its vault.

C. It represented a promise to pay the bearer, on demand, a specific amount of gold or silver.

Which is true of the Second Great Awakening? A. Popular transcendentalist speakers revived interest in Deism. B. The movement was largely confined to the northeastern states. C. Its religious ideals complemented the secular focus on self-reliance and self-improvement. D. It consolidated religious leadership into the hands of a few powerful ministers in each region. E. Its focus on self-restraint and simple living counteracted the force of the market revolution.

C. Its religious ideals complemented the secular focus on self-reliance and self-improvement.

Following the War of 1812 and the establishment of a national bank, the Panic of 1819 occurred. What was a major cause of this financial panic? A. People lost faith in the banking system. B. There was a huge credit crunch fueled by national debt. C. Land speculation in the West surged, fueled by easy credit. D. European banks gave huge loans to buy up land in the South. E. Subprime loans began to go into default, causing an economic crisis.

C. Land speculation in the West surged, fueled by easy credit.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the background of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention? A. The vast majority had risen from humble origins, much as Alexander Hamilton had. B. Very few had attended college, even though college education was on the rise in America. C. Nearly half owned slaves, and most had come from wealth or been born into propertied families. D. Very few had engaged in politics prior to the Revolution, and most were skeptical of national authority. E. Most had risen to prominence through their rejection of slavery and insistence on equality for all.

C. Nearly half owned slaves, and most had come from wealth or been born into propertied families.

Which state's constitution granted suffrage to all "inhabitants" who met a property qualification, allowing property-owning women to vote until an 1807 amendment limited suffrage to males? A. New York B. Virginia C. New Jersey D. Massachusetts E. Pennsylvania

C. New Jersey

Which of the following statements accurately describes the allegiance of Native American tribes during the War for Independence? A. Tribes living east the Mississippi River exclusively supported the Americans, while tribes in the West exclusively supported the British. B. The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy all agreed to support the Americans and doubled the size of the American army. C. Tribes individually decided which side to support based on which they believed more likely to support their own ideas of freedom. D. Most tribes successfully maintained neutrality throughout the conflict and, thus, were able to protect their towns. E. The Cherokees exclusively supported the British and ensured that they followed the traditional rules of warfare.

C. Tribes individually decided which side to support based on which they believed more likely to support their own ideas of freedom.

Which view of women in America first became prominent in the early nineteenth century? A. Women should not have the right to vote because they were too easily swayed by passions and emotions. B. Through education, women could develop into capable participants in American democracy. C. Women were too gentle and pure to be contaminated by the world of politics. D. Women who took jobs in factories were no longer fit to be wives and mothers. E. Women should not be allowed to speak publicly, as the Bible expressly forbade it.

C. Women were too gentle and pure to be contaminated by the world of politics.

Next to national independence, what was the second most significant concession the United States gained in the Treaty of Paris in 1783? A. rights to the entire Canadian territory B. rights to annex Spanish Florida C. a large piece of territory with the Mississippi River as its western border D. any and all property from Loyalists E. exclusive trading rights with Germany

C. a large piece of territory with the Mississippi River as its western border

The Monroe Doctrine A. was the idea that all white men should have voting rights. B. secured Florida from Spain. C. declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization. D. stated that the United States would be neutral in all international conflicts. E. settled the nullification crisis favorably for South Carolina.

C. declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization.

In the decades before the Civil War, the southern states A. developed larger cities than the northern states. B. had higher literacy rates than the northern states. C. industrialized very little compared to the northern states. D. attracted more immigrants than the northern states. E. developed a larger public school system than the northern states.

C. industrialized very little compared to the northern states.

The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because A. it was established by the King without Parliament's approval. B. lawyers were offended that they could be jailed for not using the correct stamp on legal documents. C. it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies. D. none of the revenue raised would be spent within the colonies themselves. E. Benjamin Franklin went public with his opposition to it.

C. it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.

The Sedition Act targeted A. Alexander Hamilton's economic ideas. B. Federalists. C. the Republican press. D. illegal immigrants. E. British sympathizers.

C. the Republican press.

After what major event did the British government make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire? A. the Declaration of Independence B. King Philip's War C. the Seven Years' War D. the Boston Tea Party E. the appointment of William Pitt as British prime minister

C. the Seven Years' War

Which of the following was a crucial element of Gabriel's Rebellion? A. the support of white leadership B. arms provided by Native Americans C. the literacy of enslaved leaders and their relative autonomy D. the enthusiastic support of most northern politicians E. favorable weather conditions for the participating enslaved people

C. the literacy of enslaved leaders and their relative autonomy

What was one of the rights named in the Bill of Rights? A. the right to vote regardless of gender B. the right to equal protection under the law C. the right to trial by jury D. the right of sovereign immunity E. the right to sell alcohol

C. the right to trial by jury

The belief that the United States has a special mission to serve as a refuge from tyranny, a symbol of freedom, and a model for the rest of the world is called A. the "City on a Hill" philosophy. B. American imperialism. C. American idealism. D. American exceptionalism. E. American common sense.

D. American exceptionalism.

Which was a reason that nativists in the 1840s and 1850s resented immigrants? A. Immigrants were openly scornful of American culture. B. Immigrants were marrying American women. C. Immigrants were not Christians. D. Immigrants were willing to work for low wages. E. Immigrants were causing a housing crisis in the larger cities.

D. Immigrants were willing to work for low wages.

Which statement is true about Irish immigrants to the United States between 1840 and 1860? A. They worked exclusively as railroad builders. B. Most competed with native-born white Americans for low-wage unskilled jobs. C. About half of them lived in the Northeast. D. Many lived in urban ghetto neighborhoods where crime and disease rates were high. E. Native-born farm daughters replaced Irish immigrants as the main labor force at the Lowell textile mills by the late 1850s.

D. Many lived in urban ghetto neighborhoods where crime and disease rates were high.

What is true about the Lowell "mill girls"? A. They constituted the minority of workers in the early New England textile mills. B. They usually spent their whole adult lives as wage-earning factory workers. C. They enjoyed less personal supervision after leaving their homes to work in the factory. D. Many valued the opportunity to earn money independently. E. They were mostly unmarried daughters of New England immigrant families.

D. Many valued the opportunity to earn money independently.

Why did George Washington eventually allow African Americans to serve in the Continental army? A. Southern colonies stopped their opposition. B. Many northern colonies immediately abolished slavery. C. He had freed all of his slaves during the second year of the war. D. The British started offering freedom to slaves who signed up to fight for their army. E. He became convinced that African Americans could fire a musket.

D. The British started offering freedom to slaves who signed up to fight for their army.

Why were women essential to the success of boycotts against the British? A. They helped persuade their husbands to stop buying British products and shopping at stores that sold them. B. They destroyed all the British cloth they owned at home. C. They staged violence against British store owners. D. They made many of the buying decisions in colonial households and made homespun cloth instead of buying it from the British. E. They acted more covertly than men because the British crown did not take them seriously.

D. They made many of the buying decisions in colonial households and made homespun cloth instead of buying it from the British.

Which of the following best describes the Constitution's slavery clauses? A. They were inquiries made into the institution of slavery so that appropriate laws could be passed. B. They were decidedly proslavery, which angered the northern colonies. C. They were decidedly antislavery, which angered the southern colonies. D. They were compromises made to find a middle ground between slavery's critics and defenders. E. They largely reflected the point of view of enslaved people in America.

D. They were compromises made to find a middle ground between slavery's critics and defenders.

"Manifest destiny" refers to the idea first advanced by journalist John L. O'Sullivan that A. it was the divine mission of the United States to lead the world in the abolition of slavery. B. it was the divine mission of the United States to return the continent to its Native inhabitants. C. it was the divine mission of the Catholic Church to take over the United States. D. it was the divine mission of the United States to take over the continent in order to extend freedom. E. it was the divine mission of the United States to venture west and explore the natural North American wilderness.

D. it was the divine mission of the United States to take over the continent in order to extend freedom.

What was a voting requirement that all states except Rhode Island had eliminated by 1860? A. being male B. being white C. being a citizen D. owning property E. being twenty-one years or older

D. owning property

What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve? A. giving land to Native Americans B. the protective tariff C. enslaved people being treated as property D. the extension of slavery E. the abolition of slavery

D. the extension of slavery

What development in Pennsylvania made it possible for men of modest wealth to gain significant political influence following the Revolution? A. the settlement of Philadelphia and smaller cities by Quaker dissidents B. a series of "whiskey rebellions" in the state in the 1770s C. the establishment of free public education for all males in 1745 D. the fact that almost the entire prewar elite there had opposed independence E. the ethnic diversity of the Pennsylvania population

D. the fact that almost the entire prewar elite there had opposed independence

Shays's Rebellion was significant because it demonstrated A. that land distribution policies were out of date. B. that controversies over the emancipation of slaves could turn violent. C. that Congress's attempts to pass pro-debtor laws were unpopular with farmers. D. the need for a stronger central government. E. the chaotic nature of Indian policy after the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

D. the need for a stronger central government.

What was Thomas Jefferson's primary motivation for advocating for public education? A. to make religion a prominent part of schooling B. to increase ignorance so that government leaders could get away with more C. to increase the number of merchants D. to make the people more informed voters E. to improve relations with the Native Americans

D. to make the people more informed voters

Which one of the following is true about Native Americans and material wealth? A. Leaders were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them. B. Native Americans actually suffered more social inequality than Europeans did. C. Generosity was one of the least valued social qualities for Native Americans because it risked taking advantage of one another.

Leaders were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them.

Which of the following was a result of Europeans selling weapons to West African leaders? A. West African societies fell under the total control of powerful European traders. B. Militarized states arose that used European weapons to capture slaves. C. West African militias began violently resisting attempts by Europeans to purchase slaves. D. Most West African tribes became impoverished due to the high cost of weapons.

Militarized states arose that used European weapons to capture slaves.

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite? A. Nearly every Virginian of note achieved prominence through family connections. B. The gap between rich and poor was nearly nonexistent. C. Few spoke English as a first language. D. Mercantile success was dependent on business talent as opposed to personal connections.

Nearly every Virginian of note achieved prominence through family connections.

Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way? A. The colony bought all of the land the Native Americans occupied and moved them west of the Appalachians, meaning that Indians were relocated but not decimated. B. Because Quakers were pacifists, they had to bring in militias from other colonies to take over Native American lands. C. Despite their belief in pacifism, Pennsylvanians were determined to exterminate the natives and immediately experienced conflicts with them. D. Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.

Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.

What happened in the seventeenth century when land ran out for slave plantations in Barbados? A. Slavery quickly ended on this Caribbean island. B. England sold the colony to the Dutch. C. Plantation owners acquired landholdings in the Carolinas. D. Most plantation owners converted their estates into shipbuilding companies.

Plantation owners acquired landholdings in the Carolinas

Which statement is true about slavery in the Chesapeake region? A. As slavery expanded, wealth among the white population became more equally distributed. B. Race became an increasingly important social division. C. Most enslaved men worked in skilled crafts. D. Most enslaved women worked in households doing domestic work. E. Enslaved people in the Chesapeake mainly did field work on rice plantations.

Race became an increasingly important social division.

What area was the major producer of revenue for the British crown in the eighteenth century? A. New England B. the Caribbean C. Benin D. North Africa

The Carribean

How did the Dutch lose New Netherland to England? A. A formal treaty in Europe stipulated that the Dutch would give it up in exchange for military assistance. B. The Duke of York married into the Dutch royal family. C. The Dutch traded the colony back to Indians, who sold it to the English. D. The Dutch saw New York as being on the periphery of their empire, so they didn't protect it. E. Puritans from New England mounted an invasion with the idea of setting up a holy community.

The Dutch saw New York as being on the periphery of their empire, so they didn't protect it.

Which of the following was a result of the physical isolation of the British colonies from Great Britain? A. The colonial elite experienced Anglicization. B. The wealthy rejected British culture. C. The British refused to send luxury goods to the colonies. D. Elites and poor farmers alike quickly forgot about British culture.

The colonial elite experienced Anglicization.

Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692? A. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others in the colony as witches. B. All of the accused were children, and Puritans were determined to force their young to accept their religious traditions or face death. C. English leaders had just moved the colonial capital to Salem, resulting in an influx of diverse settlers from all over Asia and upsetting the normally quiet town. D. The colonists refused to take any legal action on the accused witches and relied purely on unofficial trials in individuals' homes.

The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others in the colony as witches.

Which of the following statements accurately describes South Carolina's Stono Rebellion? A. The Native Americans who participated in the rebellion were granted large tracts of land along the frontier as a result. B. Historians agree that the rebellion never actually occurred and is one of the most successful known hoaxes in American history. C. The rebellion sparked fears among whites and led to a severe tightening of the South Carolina slave code. D. The rebellion resulted in legislation that made the importation of slaves easier than ever and vastly increased the number of slaves in the South. E. Casualties were greater among whites than slaves, leading half of the slaves in South Carolina to be banished to South America.

The rebellion sparked fears among whites and led to a severe tightening of the South Carolina slave code

Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? A. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. B. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. C. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. D. More reformers lived in the North. E. The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.

The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.

How did Indians express their anger with Spanish colonizers after the successful Pueblo Revolt? A. They destroyed symbols of European culture. B. They engaged in ritual sacrifice of Spanish prisoners. C. They sent a letter to the king and queen of Spain celebrating their victory. D. They waged war against all other Spanish colonizers in Mexico. E. They wrote songs and poems to memorialize the occasion.

They destroyed symbols of European culture.

How did the planter elites who lived in Charleston tend to view colonial society? A. They saw sharing their wealth equally with impoverished workers as their duty. B. They saw themselves as aristocrats who knew how best to run South Carolina. C. They believed that English liberty granted voting privileges to everyone, including women. D. They wanted to blend in to North America by assimilating in with local groups of Native Americans.

They saw themselves as aristocrats who knew how best to run South Carolina.

For Indians, generosity was among the most valued social qualities. A. True B. False

True

Siding with the British offered slaves far more opportunities for liberty than did siding with the pro-independence Americans. True False

True

The catastrophic decline in the native populations of Spanish America was mostly due to the fact that they were not immune to European diseases A. True B. False

True

Washington's army was demoralized by repeated failures early in the war, and many soldiers simply went home. True False

True

How did Bacon's Rebellion accelerate Virginia's shift from using indentured servants to enslaved Africans as the main labor force? A. Almost every English person in Virginia, rich or poor, went back to England. B. Virginia's ruling elite sought to avert a further rise of a rebellious population of landless former indentured servants. C. Indentured servants fought to become enslaved and were successful in their effort. D. Virginia's ruling elite decided to end agriculture in Virginia altogether.

Virginia's ruling elite sought to avert a further rise of a rebellious population of landless former indentured servants.

The Virginia Company's establishment of the headright system in 1618 A. gave fifty acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another's passage, which in effect awarded large estates to anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants. B. gave widows the entirety of their husbands' properties in perpetuity, which undermined the patriarchal social order. C. forbade the development of large plantations, which hindered the spread of tobacco farming. D. abolished indentured servitude and slavery and dispersed all plantation owners' lands to former servants and enslaved people.

gave fifty acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another's passage, which in effect awarded large estates to anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants

What was the primary English objective with regard to Native Americans? A. intermarriage B. fur trade C. making Native Americans into English subjects D. displacing the Natives and settling on their land

displacing the Natives and settling on their land

Why did Thomas Jefferson and James Madison oppose Alexander Hamilton's economic plan? A. They believed the plan gave too much autonomy to independent farmers. B. They believed that an alliance between commercial capitalists and a powerful federal government threatened freedom. C. They thought the plan would make the nation too socially equal. D. They thought the plan required too much westward expansion. E.The plan did not include tariffs, which they supported.

B. They believed that an alliance between commercial capitalists and a powerful federal government threatened freedom.

What is true about the Federalists? A. They were skeptical of Alexander Hamilton's economic program. B. They supported close ties to Britain. C. They opposed George Washington's administration. D. They were mainly a mix of wealthy southern planters and ordinary farmers from across the territories. E. They rooted their platform in a strong trust in democratic self-rule.

B. They supported close ties to Britain.

Mary Wollstonecraft and Judith Sargent Murray's writings about women's rights mainly called for women to A. gain the right to vote. B. access improved educational opportunities. C. receive equal wages to men. D. hold political office. E. serve in the military.

B. access improved educational opportunities.

In the fifteenth century, a big impetus for European exploration was A. establishing a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods. B. procuring religious relics in India. C. obtaining the compass from Asia. D. spreading African slavery to China.

establishing a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods

How did the market revolution change the way Americans conceived of time? A. It led Congress to create time zones throughout the country in 1823. B. Clocks increasingly regulated the separation of work and leisure time for those living in cities. C. Artisans began spending their lunch hours in political discussions rather than just taking breaks as they worked throughout the day. D. It lengthened life expectancy because Americans no longer had to work from sunrise to sunset as they had on farms. E. It enhanced the individual American's sense of independence to be able to walk away from work at a certain time.

B. Clocks increasingly regulated the separation of work and leisure time for those living in cities.

Of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860, a majority were from A. England and Germany. B. Germany and Ireland. C. China and Ireland. D. Mexico and England. E. Germany and China.

B. Germany and Ireland.

Which statement is true about the factory system in the early to mid-nineteenth century? A. Factories gathered large groups of workers under central supervision and replaced hand tools with power-driven machinery. B. Cincinnati was the first "factory town" in the United States. C. Factory work was mostly concentrated in the South. D. Factories provided more autonomy for workers than traditional craft production. E. Factories were mostly located in barren fields so that they wouldn't pollute towns or rivers.

A. Factories gathered large groups of workers under central supervision and replaced hand tools with power-driven machinery.

In an effort to assimilate them into white male society, President George Washington distributed agricultural tools and livestock to which group of people? A. Indigenous men B. free Blacks born to enslaved parents C. immigrants from Europe D. formerly enslaved people E. unmarried white women

A. Indigenous men

How did the Virginia legislature respond to Gabriel's Rebellion? A. It made it illegal for enslaved people to congregate without white supervision. B. It provided financial compensation for those who voluntarily freed their enslaved people. C. It repealed a new tax on distilled spirits. D. It summoned Washington, who proceeded to command an army of thousands of militiamen. E. It rescinded the right to vote for free Blacks.

A. It made it illegal for enslaved people to congregate without white supervision.

How did the Revolutionary War change the meaning of freedom? A. It meant that all men now had a legal claim to an equal distribution of property. B. It challenged the inequality that had been fundamental to the colonial social order. C. It ended colonial society's legally established hereditary aristocracy. D. It ended coverture, under which husbands exercised full legal authority over their wives. E. It meant that, for the first time, men were free to pursue whatever occupations they wished.

B. It challenged the inequality that had been fundamental to the colonial social order.

Which action by British Parliament was labeled an "Intolerable Act" by Americans? A. Parliament closed the port of Charleston to all trade until the coffee dumped in the harbor was paid for. B. Parliament altered the Virginia Charter to curtail town meetings. C. Parliament increased the number of elected officials in Massachusetts. D. Parliament jailed the delegates to the Continental Congress. E. Parliament empowered military commanders to lodge soldiers in private homes.

E. Parliament empowered military commanders to lodge soldiers in private homes.

How did southern states react to the Constitution's provisions regarding slavery? A. South Carolina and Georgia immediately began importing increased numbers of Africans, because in twenty years the international slave trade could be constitutionally prohibited. B. They refused to ratify the Constitution without assurances that a bill of rights would be added to protect their right to enslaved property. C. The personal opposition of Jefferson and Madison to slavery prompted Virginia to oppose ratification at first. D. They objected to the electoral college on the grounds that it ignored the number of enslaved people in their states and thereby reduced their power. E. They were critical of the provision in Article I allowing African Americans to be armed during wartime.

A. South Carolina and Georgia immediately began importing increased numbers of Africans, because in twenty years the international slave trade could be constitutionally prohibited.

How did Americans respond to the French Revolution A. Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in the footsteps of Americans. B. Hamilton supported the creation of a standing army to prepare the nation should French radicalism spread across the Atlantic. C. Opponents of the French Revolution formed the Republican Party, headed by Thomas Jefferson. D. They blocked passage of Jay's Treaty, which showed preference for Great Britain. E. President Washington immediately spoke out against French radicals and dispatched American warships to assist England.

A. Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in the footsteps of Americans.

Which statement is true about Indian removal in the 1820s and 1830s? A. The increasing profitability of cotton motivated the United States to intensify efforts to seize Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw lands in order to expand cotton cultivation. B. Two Supreme Court decisions in favor of Indian property rights led President Andrew Jackson to stop the removal. C. President Andrew Jackson opposed the removal of the Cherokee, because they had assimilated into American society. D. During the army's forced removal of 18,000 members of the Cherokee tribe via the Trail of Tears, no one died. E. The Trail of Tears stretched from Georgia to Florida.

A. The increasing profitability of cotton motivated the United States to intensify efforts to seize Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw lands in order to expand cotton cultivation.

Which statement is true about the impact of the U.S. acquisition of New Orleans on African Americans who lived in the city? A. U.S laws restricted the freedom of free and enslaved African Americans more harshly than French and Spanish laws did. B. Under U.S. rule, enslaved and free Blacks had easy access to the court system. C. U.S. laws recognized free Blacks as equals to whites and, therefore, worthy of enjoying the privileges of citizenship. D. It was much easier for enslaved people to gain their freedom under U.S. rule. E. The United States quickly abolished the principle of "community property" within marriage that had been prevalent in Spanish and French civil codes.

A. U.S laws restricted the freedom of free and enslaved African Americans more harshly than French and Spanish laws did.

The Sons of Liberty A. enjoyed support from New York craftsmen and laborers. B. won widespread support from New York's upper classes. C. opposed any violent response to the Stamp Act. D. never found support among the lower classes of colonists. E. immediately came to dominate colonial legislative bodies.

A. enjoyed support from New York craftsmen and laborers.

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa were brothers who A. preached a militant message to Native Americans early in the nineteenth century. B. were chiefs of adjacent tribes, the Shawnee and the Seneca. C. fought beside Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. D. both died at the Battle of Tippecanoe. E. differed on whether Indians or whites were more at fault for Native American problems.

A. preached a militant message to Native Americans early in the nineteenth century.

Patriot leaders worried about how difficult it would be to encourage the quality of "virtue" in the new society. Which of the following describes what they meant by "virtue"? A. the ability of citizens to value the public good over self-interest B. the guarantee that Native Americans would keep their lands C. the promise that women would be able to own their own property D. the voluntary freeing of enslaved people by slave owners E. the requirement that education remain untouched by government

A. the ability of citizens to value the public good over self-interest

Which type of British colony profited from slave labor? A. Only colonies in the lower South profited from enslavement because profits from tobacco made many colonists extremely wealthy. B. All British colonies profited from enslavement. Even colonies that were not directly dependent on slave labor benefited from the Atlantic slave trade. C. Only colonies in the upper North profited from enslavement. The use of slave labor was more prevalent in urban areas. D. Only colonies in the upper South profited from enslavement. Cotton contributed to making England one of the richest countries in the world. E. Only colonies in the lower North profited from enslavement. Enslaved people were most often used to transport goods from the southern colonies to those living in the North.

All British colonies profited from enslavement. Even colonies that were not directly dependent on slave labor benefited from the Atlantic slave trade

Why were so many enslaved men, women, and children often crowded into very small spaces aboard slave ships? A. It was a punishment for West Africans who attempted to lead slave ship revolts. B. Most West Africans had never been on large ships before, and small spaces helped them feel less seasick. C. As many people as possible were crowded onto slave ships in order to maximize profits at slave auctions. D. All cultures at the time believed that small spaces provided the most comfortable way to travel.

As many people as possible were crowded onto slave ships in order to maximize profits at slave auctions.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the status of free Blacks in the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century? A. Free Blacks who lived in the northern states and owned property enjoyed all the rights of citizenship. B. Although free Blacks had some basic rights in northern states, no African Americans enjoyed full equality with whites. C. Although the question of citizenship for whites was highly controversial, the status of free Blacks had been solidly established. D. Free Blacks who had served in the armed forces during the Revolution were considered full citizens, even in the South. E. If they were recent immigrants free Blacks could apply for citizenship, but for those born in the United States citizenship was unattainable.

B. Although free Blacks had some basic rights in northern states, no African Americans enjoyed full equality with whites.

What choice best describes the concept of a "family wage"? A. All members of the family over the age of twelve should contribute to the family income. B. The male head of household should earn enough to support his wife and children. C. Husband and wife should contribute equally to the family income. D. Domestic servants should be paid decently because they are essentially members of the family. E. Women should retain control over family bookkeeping so that men can maximize their working hours.

B. The male head of household should earn enough to support his wife and children.

What was a broadly accepted idea in the United States in the 1830s that was also a departure from Western thought? A. Only propertied people should participate in politics. B. Only highly educated people should participate in politics. C. Race and gender should not be barriers to political participation. D. Race and gender are social constructs. E. Sovereignty belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens.

E. Sovereignty belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens.

Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial Chesapeake? A. Despite obstacles, slaves continued to attempt to escape and resist authority. B. Enslaved men and women tended to accept their bondage and lose their appetite for freedom as legal avenues to liberty receded. C. Enslaved people often ran away because their owners rarely made use of the press to get them back. D. Bloody and deadly rebellions occurred frequently and were the most common forms of resistance.

Despite obstacles, slaves continued to attempt to escape and resist authority.

Which of the following is true regarding Congress and the African slave trade in the United States under the Constitution? A. Congress never prohibited this slave trade. B. The First Congress under the Constitution prohibited the importation of enslaved people into the United States. C. Congress always let individual states make their own decisions with regard to importing enslaved people. D. Congress prohibited the African slave trade ten years after ratification of the Constitution. E. Congress prohibited the African slave trade twenty years after ratification of the Constitution.

E. Congress prohibited the African slave trade twenty years after ratification of the Constitution.

Which of the following statements accurately describes American allies during the War for Independence? A. While the French offered their help freely, Spain was promised a cash payment for its aid. B. France and Spain were initially reluctant to aid America, as the colonies were entirely Protestant. C. The Americans only managed to gain the support of Portugal, while France and Spain supported the British. D. Spain was promised extensive territory in the American Southwest if the Americans won. E. France and Spain fought with the Americans largely because of well-established rivalries with Britain.

E. France and Spain fought with the Americans largely because of well-established rivalries with Britain.

Which statement is true about the Haitian Revolution? A. It failed to establish Haiti as an independent nation. B. Jeffersonians who had celebrated the French Revolution similarly celebrated the Haitian Revolution as a further step toward universal liberty. C. It encouraged many white Americans to travel to Haiti. D. It resulted in millions of Haitians fleeing to the United States. E. It reinforced white Americans' fears of possible insurrections by enslaved people in the United States.

E. It reinforced white Americans' fears of possible insurrections by enslaved people in the United States.

Why was the electoral system for the presidency so complex and indirect? A. It was purposefully designed to prevent the rise of a monarchy. B. The delegates were inexperienced with no precedent to follow. C. It took a long time to collect all the nation's votes due to the size of the United States. D. It was designed that way to prevent Native Americans and immigrants from voting. E. It was designed that way because delegates did not trust voters to choose qualified candidates for president or vice president directly.

E. It was designed that way because delegates did not trust voters to choose qualified candidates for president or vice president directly.

Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution? A. King George III had supported those ideas, and anything associated with the king was unpopular in the United States. B. Many apprentices and indentures had refused to fight in the Revolution, and their bosses, resenting them for it, got rid of them. C. Thomas Paine's criticism of them in Common Sense greatly influenced the many who had read his pamphlet. D. Northerners were outlawing slavery in their state constitutions and began to eliminate apprenticeship and indentured servitude as well amid southern charges of hypocrisy. E. The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.

E. The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.

How did the writings of James Madison shape America's understanding of its new political institutions? A. They argued that religion had a key role to play in ethical governance. B. They created resistance among the elite toward craft guilds and other labor organizations. C. They refocused attention on the "virtuous citizen" as the foundation of good government. D. They emphasized the need for the nation to have one single interest that superseded all others. E. They reinforced the belief that westward expansion was essential to freedom.

E. They reinforced the belief that westward expansion was essential to freedom.

Which statement is true about the mid-nineteenth-century phenomenon known as the "cult of domesticity"? A. The household gained prominence as the center of economic production, and women, as a result, exercised more economic power than ever before. B. The ideal middle-class home became a porous, semi-public sphere, merged with the competitive tensions of the market economy. C. Birth rates increased among middle-class women, who embraced their new role as rulers of the household. D. Women were no longer expected to embody submission, frailty, or sexual innocence. E. While men moved freely between public and private spheres, women were expected to remain within the private domestic realm.

E. While men moved freely between public and private spheres, women were expected to remain within the private domestic realm.

At the insistence of Georgia and South Carolina, what clause from Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence was deleted before Congress approved the document? A. the clause naming King George a tyrant B. the clause establishing the right of the people to form a House of Representatives C. the clause regarding the consent of the governed D. the clause listing grievances against King George E. the clause condemning the inhumanity of the slave trade

E. the clause condemning the inhumanity of the slave trade

Why did French and Dutch settlers seek peaceful relations with local Indians? A. French and Dutch settlers depended on trade alliances with Native Americans. B. French and Dutch settlers were determined to openly celebrate all religions, even those of the Indians. C. French and Dutch settlers believed Indians would move to Europe if they were treated with respect. D. French and Dutch settlers held it as their duty to spread love to the native inhabitants of North America.

French and Dutch settlers depended on trade alliances with Native Americans

What was one factor that contributed to the unrest that led to Bacon's Rebellion? A. Taxes on tobacco were drastically reduced, which led to the total shutdown of the colonial government. B. Governor Berkeley refused to allow white settlement in areas reserved for Indians. C. The right to vote was extended to all adult women, angering landowners. D. Governor Berkeley's brutal suppression of Indians' property rights angered colonists.

Governor Berkeley refused to allow white settlement in areas reserved for Indians

What was one factor that contributed to the unrest that led to Bacon's Rebellion? A. Taxes were drastically reduced, which people really hated. B. Governor Berkeley refused to allow white settlement in areas reserved for Indians. C. Farmers refused to free any servants, preferring to keep land for themselves. D. Governor Berkeley's brutal suppression of Indians' property rights angered colonists.

Governor Berkeley refused to allow white settlement in areas reserved for Indians.

Which human capability did Enlightenment thinkers consider to be of the greatest importance? A. religious enthusiasm B. respect for authority C. human reason D. sacrifice for the greater good E. bravery in battle

Human Reason

How do the textbook authors justify characterizing America in the early colonial period as made up of "borderlands"? A. Boundaries between empires were fixed. B. Europeans established authority quickly and easily. C. Hybrid cultures developed. D. Native people did not resist conquest. E. Native people were completely unwilling to trade with settlers

Hybrid cultures developed

What was MOST significant in inspiring Spanish conquistadores during their exploration and conquest of the New World? A. a desire to increase the population in Spain by encouraging the people of the New World to immigrate B. a desire to catalog the flora and fauna of the newly discovered continent C. a desire to spread Catholicism and gain wealth and national glory D. a desire to take Brazil back from the British

a desire to spread Catholicism and gain wealth and national glory

What did the Virgin of Guadalupe represent? A. the fact that mestizos held most of the high government positions B. a mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures C. the fact that miracles were not part of Christianity D. the fact that the Catholic Church was insignificant in Spanish America

a mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures

At the time of European arrival, how did Native American tribes perceive of themselves? A. as many individual tribes, each with their own unique culture B. as a singular political entity C. as American tribes who shared a common nationality D. as one single religious community who all lived in the same kind of structures and spoke the same language

as many individual tribes, each with their own unique culture

Indentured Servants A. made up only a small minority of seventeenth-century English emigrants B. could be bought and sold, were subject to physical punishment, and often died before they finished their terms of service. C. all acquired land and achieved total economic independence at the end of their terms of service. D. were famously diligent, with stellar work ethics.

could be bought and sold, were subject to physical punishment, and often died before they finished their terms of service.

Wealthy colonists tried to model their lives after the British by engaging in which behavior? A. designing a coat of arms for their families and consuming British products B. sending their daughters to Australia for education C. sending their second sons to fight on submarines during WWII D. drinking coffee

designing a coat of arms for their families and consuming British products

The debt England accumulated from funding wars from the mid- to late eighteenth century A. directly contributed to the high taxation that sparked the American Revolution. B. was insignificant and resulted in no action taken by the British government. C. forced England to sell land in America to Spain and France. D. caused an ink shortage at presses that printed currency.

directly contributed to the high taxation that sparked the American Revolution.

The development of rice plantations in South Carolina A. required such large capital investments that Carolina's planters never became as wealthy as those in the Chesapeake region. B. would have proven impossible without the importation of thousands of European indentured servants to serve as a labor force. C. led the colony to become the first mainland colony with a black majority and caused a growing divide to exist between white and black. D. is considered by most historians to be the most important cause of the Yamasee War.

led the colony to become the first mainland colony with a black majority and caused a growing divide to exist between white and black.

Poor and working-class English people generally hoped that emigrating to America would provide A. the opportunity to depend entirely on their employer for wages, food, shelter, safety--forever. B. a place where they could once again be peasants on a feudal manor. C. opportunities to become independent landowners. D. a place to practice their Catholic faith without harassment.

opportunities to become independent landowners.

Native American religious ceremonies A. were completely unrelated to traditional practices such as farming and hunting. B. reflected a belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things. C. were practiced the same way in every community regardless of tribe. D. posed sharp distinctions between the natural and supernatural.

reflected a belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things

Prior to the introduction of rice, the early colony of South Carolina was partially centered on A. the cultivation of cotton. B. the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean. C. shipbuilding. D. copper mining.

the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean.

Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia? A. a large and sustained increase in the importation of indentured servants B. generous payments to Native Americans to encourage them to give up their lands to white farmers C. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations D. an order from Governor Berkeley that Native Americans could serve in the militia

the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations

Eighteenth-century colonial government officeholders A. were usually members of elite families with large landholdings. B. kept in close touch with their constituents between elections. C. were mostly skilled artisans. D. did not have to own property to hold office.

were usually members of elite families with large landholdings.

Olaudah Equiano A. wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read autobiographical account of a slave's own experiences. B. was popular with Europeans for telling them that their culture was far superior to that of Africans like himself. C. led several slave insurrections before his death that prevented the plantation system from ever being implemented in the United States. D. became president of the United States briefly, before George Washington.

wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read autobiographical account of a slave's own experiences.