History 132 - Chapter 17
Who were Henry Miller and Charles Lux? a. Agrarian industrialists b. Successful farmers c. Enlightened benefactors of migrant laborers d. Immigrant socialists
a. Agrarian industrialists
During which years was the most Indian land lost in the Western United States? a. Between 1850 and 1870 b. Between 1870 and 1890 c. After 1890 d. Before 1850
a. Between 1850 and 1870
Why did the Chinese population in the West drop precipitously in the twenty years after the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? a. Chinese immigrants had been overwhelmingly male and did not have families to sustain their population. b. Violence against Chinese laborers increased dramatically, and thousands were killed in California cities. c. Many Chinese immigrants returned to China after the act's passage. d. Epidemics of smallpox and cholera spread through the railroad camps in the West and caused many deaths.
a. Chinese immigrants had been overwhelmingly male and did not have families to sustain their population.
What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibit? a. Chinese immigration to the United States b. The hiring of Chinese workers by the railroad industry c. The employment of Chinese workers in the mining industry d. Voting by Chinese immigrants
a. Chinese immigration to the United States
What was the result of American farmers' increasing dependence on world markets for their livelihood in the late nineteenth century? a. Farmers became vulnerable to fluctuations in global market prices. b. Farmers began to earn a lot more money. c. There was a shortage of agricultural goods in the domestic market. d. There was a decrease in the total output of U.S. agricultural production.
a. Farmers became vulnerable to fluctuations in global market prices.
Which daily duties often involved heavy physical labor for women on the frontier? a. Gathering water and fuel b. Clothing the family c. Carving dugout dwellings into hillsides d. Educating children
a. Gathering water and fuel
How did Congress's 1871 decision to stop dealing with Indians as sovereign nations and treat them instead as wards of the state affect Indian policy? a. It allowed U.S. policymakers to ignore previous treaties with Indians. b. It strained the federal budget to provide housing for Indians. c. It reduced the U.S. Army's ability to control the movement of Indians within U.S. borders. d. It led the government to place restrictions on the level of white settlement in the West.
a. It allowed U.S. policymakers to ignore previous treaties with Indians.
How did the "Great Die Up" of 1886 reveal a drawback of technological developments in the cattle industry? a. It showed how fencing limited the ability of cattle to keep moving and stay warm in winter weather. b. It showed how the large scale of beef production increased the risk of food-borne illnesses. c. It showed how the proliferation of wells had drained groundwater supplies. d. It showed how the rapid construction of railroads led to accident-prone transportation.
a. It showed how fencing limited the ability of cattle to keep moving and stay warm in winter weather.
By the 1870s, half of California's available agricultural land was owned by what percentage of the state's population? a. Less than 1 percent b. More than 15 percent c. About 5 percent d. Just over 2.5 percent
a. Less than 1 percent
Why did white settlers shoot so many buffalo? a. Many whites hunted buffalo for sport. b. Buffalo tended to destroy the fragile new farmland of settlers. c. There was little else out in the prairie to feed pioneer farmers. d. Buffalo skin proved useful in the construction of pioneer housing.
a. Many whites hunted buffalo for sport.
Why did so many homesteaders have difficulty establishing themselves as stable farmers in the West? a. Most of the best land had already been claimed by speculators and railroad companies. b. Homesteaders were too isolated from one another and could not sustain their efforts alone. c. Homesteaders were not skilled or dedicated enough to take on the hard work of building a farm from scratch. Native Americans threatened settlers and sabotaged their building and cultivation projects.
a. Most of the best land had already been claimed by speculators and railroad companies.
How did the move west affect women's household duties? a. Simple daily chores required more physical labor. b. They enjoyed a relatively leisurely life compared to their existence back East. c. Men took over chores previously completed by women. d. Women needed to hire more servants to keep the household running.
a. Simple daily chores required more physical labor.
Which was a result of the Chinese Exclusion Act on Chinese Americans in the late nineteenth century? a. The Exclusion Act set precedent for future immigration restrictions. b. The Exclusion Act prevented the destitution of the Chinese immigrant community. c. Like most immigration legislation, it proved to be ineffective. d. The Exclusion Act helped Chinese immigrants gain respectability among white Americans.
a. The Exclusion Act set precedent for future immigration restrictions.
Which group formed the largest ethnic group in Nevada's Virginia City in the 1870s? a. The Irish b. Chinese men c. Mormons d. Mexicans
a. The Irish
What development forced Mexican cowboys, or vaqueros, to give up their trade? a. The end of long cattle drives after 1880 b. Habitat destruction c. Competition from black laborers d. Anti-immigrant legislation in the West
a. The end of long cattle drives after 1880
How did the mining boom shape Virginia City in Nevada in the 1870s? a. The industrial dimension of mining turned the western town into an urban industrial center. b. Unlike the mining towns of the East, western boom towns created riches for large numbers of individual entrepreneurs. c. The mining boom turned the frontier town into a modern metropolis that would later rename itself Reno. d. Because of the underground mining operations, the boom was barely noticeable on the surface.
a. The industrial dimension of mining turned the western town into an urban industrial center.
Which factor led to the near extinction of the bison following the Civil War? a. The nation's growing transcontinental rail system b. A combination of severe drought and extreme blizzards c. The emergence of various bovine diseases d. Loss of habitat due to farming
a. The nation's growing transcontinental rail system
How did Americans succeed in conquering the tenacious tribes of Plains Indians in the 1860s? a. They decimated the bison herds, which had been Plains Indians' food supply. b. Americans killed and captured their horses, preventing them from hunting. c. Americans built major railroad lines through their hunting grounds. d. They killed their major chiefs and left them without leadership.
a. They decimated the bison herds, which had been Plains Indians' food supply.
How did tribes such as the Crow and the Shoshoni avoid the fate of other tribes shipped to reservations? a. They fought alongside the U.S. Army against their old enemies, the Sioux. b. The tribes granted white settlers the right to settle peacefully among them. c. They successfully fought off the attempts of the U.S. Army to force their removal from their homelands. d. They adopted a nomadic way of life that made use of both reservation and traditional lands.
a. They fought alongside the U.S. Army against their old enemies, the Sioux.
What was the impact of urbanization on American farmers in the late nineteenth century? a. Urban populations provided farmers with expanding markets for their produce. b. Population movement from rural to urban areas created a major surplus of farmland. c. Urbanization created severe labor shortages for western farmers. d. The growth of cities made commercial farmers feel as if they were unimportant.
a. Urban populations provided farmers with expanding markets for their produce.
As new technology and expanded markets transformed agriculture in the late nineteenth century, American farmers were more likely to be a. businessmen or wage laborers. b. self-sufficient yeomen. c. vaqueros. d. slaveowners.
a. businessmen or wage laborers.
Why did white Americans no longer want to create reservations for Native Americans in the 1880s? a. Reservations tended to claim the best agricultural lands in California and the Great Plains. b. Americans now favored an allotment policy that encouraged assimilation and property ownership. c. Natives had become increasingly hostile and powerful under the shelter of reservations. d. More Americans now wanted Native Americans exterminated rather than having to wrestle with them on reservations.
b. Americans now favored an allotment policy that encouraged assimilation and property ownership.
Why did the Battle of the Little Big Horn become a part of national mythology? a. Custer narrowly avoided defeat by the Sioux, due to the aid of armed reinforcements. b. Custer and his troops engaged the Sioux despite being vastly outnumbered and were quickly annihilated. c. The Sioux were resoundingly defeated by Custer and his troops. d. Custer used burn and destroy tactics for the first time against Indians, creating a new level of brutality in the Indian wars.
b. Custer and his troops engaged the Sioux despite being vastly outnumbered and were quickly annihilated.
What motivated General Nelson Miles to adopt a policy of search and destroy toward Geronimo's band of Apaches? a. Geronimo and his followers had been completely unwilling to meet or speak with government officials. b. Geronimo had agreed to return to the San Carlos reservation with another general but escaped along the way. c. Geronimo's band had inflicted serious losses on General Miles's troops. d. Local businessmen persuaded General Miles that Geronimo was a serious threat.
b. Geronimo had agreed to return to the San Carlos reservation with another general but escaped along the way.
How did the "Great Die Up" of 1886 reveal a drawback of technological developments in the cattle industry? a. It showed how the large scale of beef production increased the risk of food-borne illnesses. b. It showed how fencing limited the ability of cattle to keep moving and stay warm in winter weather. c. It showed how the rapid construction of railroads led to accident-prone transportation. d. It showed how the proliferation of wells had drained groundwater supplies.
b. It showed how fencing limited the ability of cattle to keep moving and stay warm in winter weather.
How did technological developments affect American agriculture in the late nineteenth century? a. The spread of motor vehicles allowed farmers to reach markets far from railroad lines. b. Machines like plows and reapers replaced human labor. c. New irrigation techniques allowed crops to be grown further from water sources. d. Chemical pesticides and fertilizers increased agricultural production.
b. Machines like plows and reapers replaced human labor.
What motivated white settlers to cross the Great Plains in the 1840s? a. A series of droughts and natural disasters in the East b. Rich farmlands in Oregon and Washington c. The desire to fight Indians d. Opportunities in San Francisco and Los Angeles
b. Rich farmlands in Oregon and Washington
How did the U.S. Army wage war against Indians of the Great Plains after 1871? a. The army mostly relied on Comanche warriors to do the fighting. b. The army adopted General Sherman's tactics of burning and destroying. c. The army sought to win the "hearts and minds" of Great Plains natives. d. The army fought predominantly large battles that killed thousands at any given time.
b. The army adopted General Sherman's tactics of burning and destroying.
Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé made the following speech while surrendering his rifle to a U.S. Army soldier after a five-day siege during the Nez Percé war: "I am tired of fighting. . . . Our chiefs are killed. It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. . . . I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever." According to his speech, what is Chief Joseph's immediate motivation for surrendering? a. The promise that Indian children would no longer be sent to distant Indian schools b. The deaths of Nez Percé leaders and the harsh winter weather c. The loss of all Nez Percé land to white settlement d. The decimation of bison herds, which had sustained Nez Percé traditions
b. The deaths of Nez Percé leaders and the harsh winter weather
How did the Dawes Allotment Act try to transform Native American life in the 1880s? a. The act tried to make young Native Americans amenable to wage work in industry. b. The law sought to turn Indians into land-owning farm families. c. It created pan-Indian government councils for reservations in regional districts. d. The Dawes Act explicitly barred Native Americans from U.S. citizenship.
b. The law sought to turn Indians into land-owning farm families.
Why were whites alarmed by the Ghost Dance religion? a. The dancers held weapons during the ritual and reenacted battle victories. b. The religion spread quickly across the plains and many Native Americans took part in the rituals. c. The conversion of young whites to the Ghost Dance religion caused tension in settler communities. d. The religion convinced many Native Americans to leave reservations and recolonize their ancestral lands.
b. The religion spread quickly across the plains and many Native Americans took part in the rituals.
Which statement explains the changing working conditions for miners in the late-nineteenth-century West? a. New technologies made their work perfectly safe. b. The scarcity of skilled labor allowed for the early formation of unions. c. The proliferation of mining operations meant falling wages for everybody. d. The surplus of skilled labor undermined the bargaining power of expert miners.
b. The scarcity of skilled labor allowed for the early formation of unions.
How did white settlers affect the living conditions of Great Plains tribes after 1851? a. They pushed them off their lands, forcing a "trail of tears" to the Northwest. b. They brought alcohol, guns, and disease to the tribes. c. They compelled the Lakota to abandon their nomadic existence and become sedentary. d. They introduced running water and other improvements, extending natives' life expectancies.
b. They brought alcohol, guns, and disease to the tribes.
Which event describes the Oklahoma land runs of 1889 and 1893? a. The Oklahoma "land runs" took place on the trading floors of the Chicago commodity market, not the land itself. b. Thousands of homesteaders amassed at the border to claim parts of the former Indian Territory. c. The rush for new lands was hampered by aggressive Native American assaults that killed scores of settlers. d. Enthusiasm over landownership in the prairie West had waned completely.
b. Thousands of homesteaders amassed at the border to claim parts of the former Indian Territory.
Why did the U.S. Congress appropriate funds for Indian education in 1877? a. To relieve their families of the burden of supporting them b. To remove Native American children from their families to encourage their assimilation c. To foster Native American children's knowledge of and respect for their history and culture d. To nurture a generation of literate Native Americans who could serve as peaceful, effective advocates for their people
b. To remove Native American children from their families to encourage their assimilation
Based on the photograph, what type of labor did these Chinese workers perform in the American West? a. Supervision of other workers b. Unskilled labor c. Skilled assembly d. Basic services for other workers
b. Unskilled labor
Who founded the Indian Rights Association in 1882? a. Merrill Gates of the Board of Indian Commissioners b. White easterners who sought to end tribal communalism and foster individualism c. Carlisle School graduates who sought to reform Indian boarding school curricula d. Helen Hunt Jackson, the author of the 1881 classic book A Century of Dishonor
b. White easterners who sought to end tribal communalism and foster individualism
How did the life of the cowboy change in the American West in the latter nineteenth century? a. With increasing herding skills, cowboys operated ever larger cattle drives. b. With the end of the open range due to barbed wire fencing, cowboys became wage laborers. c. The proliferation of railroad tracks in the West made the safe herding of cattle ever more difficult. d. The growing demand for beef made cowboys ever more important.
b. With the end of the open range due to barbed wire fencing, cowboys became wage laborers.
Mechanization revolutionized farming by increasing the a. cost of farm labor. b. amount of land one farmer could cultivate. c. time required to cultivate an acre of land. d. number of people who worked on farms in the United States.
b. amount of land one farmer could cultivate.
Military intervention and the expansion of mining forced the Northern Paiute and Bannock Shoshoni along the Comstock to a. work in the silver mines. b. find ways to adapt and preserve their culture. c. migrate farther west. d. begin raiding local ranches and towns in order to survive.
b. find ways to adapt and preserve their culture.
The easiest way to get rich on the Comstock was to a. discover a richer vein of ore. b. form a mining company and sell shares of stock. c. operate a saloon or dance hall in a mining town. d. sell tools and supplies to miners.
b. form a mining company and sell shares of stock.
What did the Homestead Act of 1862 promise to citizens or prospective citizens? a. Several farmhands and 160 acres of land b. A ranch with fencing and cattle at a discounted fee c. 160 acres of land to those who would settle on the land for five years d. An acreage of land and funds for agricultural machinery
c. 160 acres of land to those who would settle on the land for five years
What name was given to African American members of the military who served in the West during the Indian Wars? a. Cowboys b. Exodusters c. Buffalo soldiers d. Vaqueros
c. Buffalo soldiers
Why did Dakota Chief Little Crow abandon his policy of accommodation? a. A new alliance with the Comanche made victory over the U.S. Army possible. b. His accommodationist stance threatened to undermine his authority in his own tribe. c. His people were on the verge of starvation as a result of their accommodation to white settlers. d. In a dream, his ancestors had promised Little Crow victory if he chose open rebellion.
c. His people were on the verge of starvation as a result of their accommodation to white settlers.
Why were Indians concerned about the preservation of their land and culture in the 1850s? a. The Mexican-American War threatened to destroy the livelihood of Great Plains tribes. b. U.S. citizenship for Plains Indians threatened the future of their reservations. c. Hordes of white settlers were crossing the Great Plains on their way to the goldfields of California. d. In the Treaty of Fort Laramie, Indians had lost all protections for remaining native land.
c. Hordes of white settlers were crossing the Great Plains on their way to the goldfields of California.
What consequences did the Dawes Act have for white settlers? a. It created increased competition in agricultural markets as more Native Americans took up farming. b. It created resentment among white settlers because Native Americans were receiving more land. c. It increased the amount of land available to white settlers. d. It created fear among white settlers of the renewed strength of Native American culture.
c. It increased the amount of land available to white settlers.
The Great American Desert referred to land in a. Iowa and Illinois. b. Texas and Nevada. c. Kansas and Nebraska. d. California and Oregon.
c. Kansas and Nebraska.
Which industry owned large amounts of land out West during the late 1800s? a. Telecommunications b. Manufacturing c. Railroad d. Agriculture
c. Railroad
What did whites and Hispanics fight over in northern New Mexico in the wake of the Civil War? a. Farmland b. Bison herds c. Ranch land d. Silver mines
c. Ranch land
Outside of reservations, where did Indian control of lands persist the longest? a. Valleys surrounding the Great Salt Lake b. Areas along the Pacific coast c. Regions bordering Canada and Mexico d. Corridors along major rivers
c. Regions bordering Canada and Mexico
In the 1830s, the U.S. government's Native American policy advocated what approach? a. Appeasement toward tribal chiefs b. Reservations for the Five Civilized Tribes east of the Mississippi c. Removal of the Indians to land west of the Mississippi River d. Assimilation of the eastern tribes in the southern United States
c. Removal of the Indians to land west of the Mississippi River
How did mining companies along the Comstock react to unions? a. They improved safety measures but would not budge on wage levels. b. Mining companies infiltrated unions with spies to undermine them from inside. c. The companies negotiated with unions due to a scarcity of skilled labor. d. They crushed the unions with armed security forces.
c. The companies negotiated with unions due to a scarcity of skilled labor.
Why was the army's tactic of burning and destroying everything in its path effective against the Comanche? a. The fires that the army set spread quickly and killed hundreds of Comanche at a time. b. The fires destroyed the Comanche reservation at Fort Sill, leaving the Comanche without anywhere to go. c. The destruction of Comanche camps and supplies reduced the Indians' ability to fight and survive. d. The prairie fires that the army set pushed the bison toward extinction, eliminating the Comanche's food source.
c. The destruction of Comanche camps and supplies reduced the Indians' ability to fight and survive.
What was Nevada's Comstock Lode? a. The largest mining company in the American West b. A sophisticated machine designed to extract ore from mines c. The richest vein of silver ore found on the North American continent d. A vein of gold discovered by prospector Henry Comstock
c. The richest vein of silver ore found on the North American continent
Why did the Lakota Sioux refuse to relinquish or sell their claim to the Black Hills? a. The Sioux insisted that the Treaty of Fort Laramie was inviolable. b. They had been relocated to the area only a decade earlier and did not want to move again. c. The tribe had long regarded the area as sacred. d. They believed they were the rightful owners of the mining rights in the area.
c. The tribe had long regarded the area as sacred.
How did technological developments affect the cattle industry in the late nineteenth century? a. Greater efficiency from the mechanization of farming led to a sharp decline in cattle herds. b. Improved communications allowed ranchers to avoid losses due to severe weather. c. The use of barbed wire fencing led to consolidation in the cattle industry. d. Improved transportation allowed even small ranchers and landless cattle owners to profit from rising demand for beef.
c. The use of barbed wire fencing led to consolidation in the cattle industry.
How did raids on white settlers by the Dakota and the Comanche affect U.S. Indian policy? a. They prompted renewed negotiations over land. b. They forced the government to reconsider its promotion of white settlement. c. They provoked repression by the U.S. Army. d. They led the government to offer Indians larger annuities.
c. They provoked repression by the U.S. Army.
How did Comanche and Kiowa Indians use reservations to resist white Americans? a. The Comanche and Kiowa used their segregation on the reservation to refine new battle plans. b. They stole food from the fields of white settlers and then retreated to the reservations where troops could not follow. c. They used the reservations as seasonal supply bases during the winter and resumed nomadic hunting in spring. d. The Comanche and Kiowa established reservation "churches," which they used to stockpile arms.
c. They used the reservations as seasonal supply bases during the winter and resumed nomadic hunting in spring.
What happened to the Californios after they were granted U.S. citizenship by the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? a. They became the largest land owners in California. b. Their percentage of California's population nearly doubled over the next thirty years. c. They were subject to intense discrimination. d. Californios were treated like any other Americans in the West.
c. They were subject to intense discrimination.
Why did the Utah territorial legislature approve the first universal woman suffrage act in the nation in 1870? a. The legislature wanted to ensure that white voters outnumbered nonwhite voters. b. Lawmakers were inspired by Wyoming's decision to grant white women the vote in 1869. c. Utah lawmakers wanted to counter criticism of the Mormon practice of polygamy. d. Utah was a stronghold of women's rights activism in the late nineteenth century.
c. Utah lawmakers wanted to counter criticism of the Mormon practice of polygamy.
Mechanization revolutionized farming by increasing the a. cost of farm labor. b. time required to cultivate an acre of land. c. amount of land one farmer could cultivate. d. number of people who worked on farms in the United States.
c. amount of land one farmer could cultivate.
President Grant adopted a "peace policy" for dealing with the Native Americans, which resulted in a. a refusal by the army to enforce the government's "peace policy." b. the systematic extermination of Native Americans. c. decades of conflict as the army sought to segregate and control Native Americans. d. a longer Civil War.
c. decades of conflict as the army sought to segregate and control Native Americans.
Congress passed the 1887 Dawes Allotment Act to a. provide reservations with more efficient service from the government. b. make amends for the slaughter of the buffalo. c. divide reservations and allot parcels of land to individual Indians. d. restore Indian lands in the East to ease population pressure in the West.
c. divide reservations and allot parcels of land to individual Indians.
Homesteaders who received 160 acres of free land from the federal government reached the West only to find a. everything required for farming was provided by the local government. b. they didn't actually own the land. c. they needed up to $1,000 for other expenses. d. the land hadn't been surveyed yet.
c. they needed up to $1,000 for other expenses.
Sodbusters in the late-nineteenth-century West a. were Native American farmers who took advantage of the Dawes Allotment Act. b. were big growers who worked the land aggressively, leaving it drained after three growing seasons. c. were poor homesteaders in the West who lived without basic necessities in houses made of sod. d. speculated aggressively on western farmland and often failed with their investments.
c. were poor homesteaders in the West who lived without basic necessities in houses made of sod.
Why was the decimation of the bison herds of the Great Plains so devastating for the region's nomadic tribes? a. Nomadic tribes depended on the commercial trade with bison skin. b. The bison herds had served natives as a deterrent for white settlers. c. Lacking horses in the Great Plains, bison were the only draft and riding animals available to nomadic tribes. d. Bison herds constituted a way of life for nomadic tribes.
d. Bison herds constituted a way of life for nomadic tribes.
Which statement best describes how international markets shaped the lives of western grain and livestock farmers? a. International markets enabled farmers and ranchers to focus on domestic niche markets. b. Foreign markets allowed these farmers to earn higher prices than on the domestic commodities markets. c. Foreign sales allowed farmers to pay off their mortgages more quickly. d. Falling global prices made it harder for farmers to pay off their debts.
d. Falling global prices made it harder for farmers to pay off their debts.
What was an unforeseen consequence of sending children to assimilationist Indian schools? a. It strengthened Indian customs as families tried harder to pass down traditions to the very young. b. It created large gaps in achievement between male and female graduates. c. It created budget deficits for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d. It created generations of Indians from different tribes who used their common knowledge of the English language to build alliances.
d. It created generations of Indians from different tribes who used their common knowledge of the English language to build alliances.
Which factor led to the development of migratory agricultural labor in California in the late nineteenth century? a. The influx of African Americans migrating from the South b. The Chinese Exclusion Act c. The old Mexican hacienda system d. Land monopoly and large-scale farming
d. Land monopoly and large-scale farming
Which of the following sums up how white Americans who called themselves "friends of the Indians" characterized Indian reservations? a. Indian free states b. Colonial societies c. Obstacles to civilization d. Stepping-stones to civilization
d. Stepping-stones to civilization
How did the Comstock discovery change the practice of mining in the late-nineteenth-century West? a. The Comstock discovery inspired experimentation with underdeveloped and ineffective technologies. b. The vast availability of silver allowed for proliferation of successful small producers. c. New mining technologies eliminated the need for miners. d. The Comstock discovery sped up the transition from small-scale industry to corporate oligopoly.
d. The Comstock discovery sped up the transition from small-scale industry to corporate oligopoly.
What role did San Francisco play in the silver rush of the Nevada Comstock Lode? a. Most of the silver of the Comstock ended up with silversmiths and jewelers in San Francisco. b. The Comstock mines depended almost entirely on workers from this California port city. c. San Francisco grew from a sleepy village into a modern metropolis because of the Nevada silver boom. d. The San Francisco stock market served to finance Comstock mining operations.
d. The San Francisco stock market served to finance Comstock mining operations.
Why did agricultural experts think that 160 acres of land would not support a family in western Kansas, Nebraska, and eastern Colorado? a. Roaming buffalo herds tended to destroy much of the available acreage. b. The area was so mountainous that much of the acreage was not tillable. c. They claimed that the region's harsh climate had a much shorter growing season. d. They argued that the land was semiarid and therefore had a lower yield.
d. They argued that the land was semiarid and therefore had a lower yield.
Why did members of the Indian Rights Association support the dismantling of reservations? a. They feared that continued conflict with white settlers at the edges of reservations would erode Indian populations. b. They thought that assimilation at Indian schools was rapidly undermining Indian traditions. c. They wanted to relocate entire Indian tribes to other parts of the country with more fertile land. d. They viewed the segregation of Indians on communal reservations as holding Indians back.
d. They viewed the segregation of Indians on communal reservations as holding Indians back.
How did growing urban populations shape the prospects of farmers? a. Urbanization meant increasing competition from international competitors. b. Urbanization made it increasingly difficult for farmers to find markets for their crops. c. Growing cities encroached on valuable farmland. d. Urbanization provided farmers with expanding markets for their produce.
d. Urbanization provided farmers with expanding markets for their produce.
Which of the following reasons explains why the Utah territorial legislature approved the first universal woman suffrage act in the nation in 1870? a. Lawmakers were inspired by Wyoming's decision to grant white women the vote in 1869. b. The legislature wanted to ensure that white voters outnumbered nonwhite voters. c. Utah was a stronghold of women's rights activism in the late nineteenth century. d. Utah lawmakers wanted to counter criticism of the Mormon practice of polygamy.
d. Utah lawmakers wanted to counter criticism of the Mormon practice of polygamy.
By the end of the nineteenth century, Virginia City had evolved to become a. a densely populated town without any vital social or cultural institutions. b. a village populated by white miners, their families, and their Chinese servants. c. a small frontier outpost known for its high crime. d. a diverse urban community built to serve an industrial giant.
d. a diverse urban community built to serve an industrial giant.
Between 1870 and 1900, the percentage of the American population living in rural areas a. fell with the decrease in the number of farms. b. rose with the rise in the number of farms. c. rose, while the number of farms fell. d. fell, while the number of farms rose.
d. fell, while the number of farms rose.
The nature of settlement in the late-nineteenth-century West created a society notable for its a. racial homogeneity. b. tolerance of diversity. c. segregation within settlements. d. racism and prejudice.
d. racism and prejudice.
