History 17.4

What slogan was this goal summoned in?

"All power to the soviets'

What was lenin's slogan?

"Peace, Land, and Bread"

What did the crowds shout?

"down with the czar"

How many years did this fighting last?

3 years

How many seats went to the Social Revolutionaries? How many to the Bolsheviks?

420- to Social Revolutionaries 225- to Bolsheviks

Who was one who moved easily between the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet?

Alexander Kerensky-

What did the Bolsheviks start calling themselves?

Communits

Where did powerful nationalist movements set up independent governments?

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, and the Caucasus lands of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan

Who did Lenin seek peace with?

Germany

Where did he go after his release?

Germany, Great Britain, and Switzerland, where he wrote revolutionary articles and kept a close eye on the political situation in Russia

Who was the communist leader?

Leon Trotsky

Where did hundreds of thousands of men and women gather in the streets of?

Petrograd( The russian name give to St. Petersburg)

Where was Lenin exiled to?

Siberia

What forced Lenin into hiding?

The Bolsheviks were blamed for these demonstrations and they called Lenin a german agent, the government issued arrest warrants for all Bolshevik leaders- forcing him into hiding

What did Russia sign in March 1918?

The Treaty of BrestLitovsk, losing much western territory and a third of the population

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

What was the breaking point for czarist rule in Russia?

World War I

What else did Russia slip into?

a civil war between the Communists and their political opponents

Where did Lenin come from?

a middle-class provincial background

What would the constituent assembly establish?

a permanent government

What did the communist impose ?

a policy called "war communism"

What was the Cheka?

a secret police force- who arrested anyone considered an "enemy of the revolution"

Where did political authority in Russia go to?

a temporary central government known as the provisional government

What did the soviets call for?

an immediate peace, the transfer of land to the peasants, and the control of factories by workers

Why did czar Nicholas II become unpopular?

because of his political incompetence and the couple's reliance on the mystic healer Grigori Rasputin

Why didn't the Mensheviks not make concrete plans to seize control of the Russian government?

because they believed that a socialist revolution would be the work of the masses

What were the communists called? What were the opponents known as?

communists- called Reds because they favored the red flag of revolution opponents- royalists, liberal democrats, and moderate socialists, became known as the Whites

What did the Bolsheviks stage in Petrograd?

coup d'état- overthrowing the provisional government in the name of the soviets

What plagued the Russian army?

desertion, worsening transportation problems, and a drop in a low armament production

what did Trotsky restore?

discipline to military ranks

What did this new regime call for?

elections later in the year to choose a constituent, or constitutional, assembly

Who was Alexander Kerensky?

he was a modern socialist, who served first as the provisional government's minister of justice and then as its prime minister. he also belonged to the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet

What happened when lenin was in high school?

his older brother, Alexander, became invovled in a plot to assassinate Czar Alexander III, the father of Nicholas II

What was the split in 1903?

into two factions- the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks- they had competed for control of Russia's revolutionary movement

What happened because of Rasputin's death?

it did not solve the monarchy's problems

what did Lenin urge them to do?

make plans to topple the provisional government from power

What happened with the soldiers involving the protests?

many joined the protests

What did the provisional government consist of?

middle-class Duma representatives, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies

What mounted as a result of food and fuel shortages?

public anger against the government

What erupted across the country?

strikes

What else did Lenin use as a weapon against his opponents?

terror

What did the more radical Bolsheviks believe?

that a socialist society could be introduced immediately by force

What did Lenin think about the soviets?

that they should become the nation's only government

what did this end?

the 300 year old Romanov dynasty

What was a smaller more radical group?

the Bolsheviks

What was a spontaneous uprising of working people and soldiers?

the March revolution

what did Lenin place severe restriction on?

the Russian Orthodox Church

Who finally admitted defeat and why?

the Whites- because they were outnumbered, disorganized, and poorly equipped

What finally happened on March 15 while the country was sinking into chaos?

the czar finally abdicated

What did the Petrograd Soviet become a model for?

the founding of other soviets throughout Russia

What did it cause?

the loss of relatively few lives and took place without the leadership of its revolutionary intellectuals,

What did Bolsheviks soldiers, workers, and sailors take over?

the main post office, the telephone system, electrical generating plants, and train stations

What happened when the Bolsheviks turned the guns of the battleship Aurora against the Winter Palace?

the ministers of the provisional government quickly surrendered

Who was Grigori Rasputin?

the mystical healer

What was a result of this?

the revolution was relatively bloodless

What did the Russian government do to lenin in 1895?

they arrested him for his activities and exiled him to Siberia

Claiming absolute power what did the Bolsheviks do?

they laid the foundation of a socialist state- ending private ownership of property, distributing land among the peasants, and giving workers control of factories and mines

What were the majority?

they were either Mensheviks or Social Revolutionaries, the political heirs of the Populists

What were the members of Petrograd Soviet?

they were workers and peasants belong to different socialist groups

What was Lenin's goal upon his arrival in Russia?

to organize the Bolsheviks and seize power from the provisional government

Who assisted in killing Rasputin and Why?

two relative of the czar in order to save the monarch