History Alive! Section 8.3: "Pharaoh Khufu: The Pyramid Builder"
Resin
A thick, slowly flowing liquid produced by plants that can harden into a solid
the ka
a spiritual duplicate of Egyptians that traveled back and forth between the pyramid and the afterlife
New Kingdom
(1600-1100 BCE) the period during which Egypt reached the height of its power, size and glory. Its borders reached beyond Israel to the Northeast and South into Kush. (Hint: The time most recent to today).
Old Kingdom
(2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Period in ancient Egyptian history characterized by the building of the Great Pyramids at Giza. (Hint: The time most long ago).
Pharaoh Khufu Achievements
- established the pharaoh as central authority - kept strict control over Egypt's food supply - controlled a large network of government officials who carried out his law - built the Great Pyramid of Giza which is a stunning monument to Egyptian engineering
Great Pyramid of Giza
- sat at the center of a large complex of statues, temples, monuments, and smaller tombs. - made of more than 2 million stone blocks that fit together perfectly - tunnels led to several burial chambers - king's chamber had six roofs to hold up the weight of the stones above it
Weight of pyramid blocks
2 tons some sources say 3 tons
Papyrus
A long-lasting, paper-like material made from reeds on the banks of the Nile River
Sphinx
A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human. Located near the Great pyramids of Giza
Cleopatra
A queen of Egypt in the first century B.C., famous for her beauty, charm, and luxurious living. Also considered the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
Dynasty
A series of rulers from the same family
historical fiction
A type of realistic fiction that takes place in a particular time period in the past. Often the setting is real, but the characters are made up from the author's imagination.
Valley of the Kings
An area were many tombs where built after the great pyramids because it allowed for easier guarding and less grave robbery. Where they found king Tut.
Hypothesis
An educated guess, a prediction, a theory, an Inference in Language Arts
Ramses the Great
Egyptian Pharaoh he expanded the kingdom and built lasting temples at Karnak, Luxor, and Abu Simbel. He is often considered one of Egypt's greatest rulers. Is thought to be the Pharaoh who encountered Moses.
King Tutankhamen
Egyptian pharaoh, he died while still a young king. The discovery of his tomb in 1922 has taught archaeologists much about Egyptian culture.
the ba
Egyptians believed besides a physical body everyone had a soul called:
Hatshepsut
First female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade
more than 20 years
How long did it take to build Great Pyramid of Giza?
Delta of the Nile
Lower Egypt in ancient days, Top of modern map (North), where the Nile dumps into Med. Sea
Vikings
Next years Super Bowl Champion
inundation
Nile flood time between July and November
Stone Cutter, Surveyor, Mason, Foreman, Mortar Maker, Carpenter
Several thousand men who would be the workers on the Pyramid
Nile River
The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean Sea
builder of Great Pyramid of Giza
What was Pharaoh Khufu known for?
rock quarry
Where Ancient Egyptians went to carve out their rocks to build the pyramids
dolerite
a hard type of rock used as a tool for carving the blocks of the pyramid
Arabian Peninsula
a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
sarcophagus
a stone coffin, typically adorned with a sculpture or inscription and associated with the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece.
Pharaoh Khufu ruled from...
about 2551 to 2528 B.C.E. during the Old Kingdom period
Pharaoh
an Egyptian king
Nile River Valley
in Egypt; provided water, travel, protection, fertile soil, Green area around Nile River on our map, Red on our vegetation map
Sahara
largest desert in the world, covering almost all of North Africa
Giza, Egypt
location of Great Pyramids
portcullises
soled rock (granite doors) lowered to seal the room from thieves after the burial
Middle Kingdom
the period of Egyptian history from about 2000 to 1850 BC and marked by order and stability and some say reunification
Causeways
today it is raised roads made of packed earth. In Ancient Egypt its covered passage which connects the Valley Temple to the Mortuary Temple.
Embalming
treating with preservatives to prevent decay
Desert and Desert scrub
two main vegetation zones in North Africa
canopic jars
used during embalming to hold organs (liver, intestines, stomach, lungs)