History Alive! Section 8.3: "Pharaoh Khufu: The Pyramid Builder"

Resin

A thick, slowly flowing liquid produced by plants that can harden into a solid

the ka

a spiritual duplicate of Egyptians that traveled back and forth between the pyramid and the afterlife

New Kingdom

(1600-1100 BCE) the period during which Egypt reached the height of its power, size and glory. Its borders reached beyond Israel to the Northeast and South into Kush. (Hint: The time most recent to today).

Old Kingdom

(2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Period in ancient Egyptian history characterized by the building of the Great Pyramids at Giza. (Hint: The time most long ago).

Pharaoh Khufu Achievements

- established the pharaoh as central authority - kept strict control over Egypt's food supply - controlled a large network of government officials who carried out his law - built the Great Pyramid of Giza which is a stunning monument to Egyptian engineering

Great Pyramid of Giza

- sat at the center of a large complex of statues, temples, monuments, and smaller tombs. - made of more than 2 million stone blocks that fit together perfectly - tunnels led to several burial chambers - king's chamber had six roofs to hold up the weight of the stones above it

Weight of pyramid blocks

2 tons some sources say 3 tons

Papyrus

A long-lasting, paper-like material made from reeds on the banks of the Nile River

Sphinx

A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human. Located near the Great pyramids of Giza

Cleopatra

A queen of Egypt in the first century B.C., famous for her beauty, charm, and luxurious living. Also considered the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt

Dynasty

A series of rulers from the same family

historical fiction

A type of realistic fiction that takes place in a particular time period in the past. Often the setting is real, but the characters are made up from the author's imagination.

Valley of the Kings

An area were many tombs where built after the great pyramids because it allowed for easier guarding and less grave robbery. Where they found king Tut.

Hypothesis

An educated guess, a prediction, a theory, an Inference in Language Arts

Ramses the Great

Egyptian Pharaoh he expanded the kingdom and built lasting temples at Karnak, Luxor, and Abu Simbel. He is often considered one of Egypt's greatest rulers. Is thought to be the Pharaoh who encountered Moses.

King Tutankhamen

Egyptian pharaoh, he died while still a young king. The discovery of his tomb in 1922 has taught archaeologists much about Egyptian culture.

the ba

Egyptians believed besides a physical body everyone had a soul called:

Hatshepsut

First female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade

more than 20 years

How long did it take to build Great Pyramid of Giza?

Delta of the Nile

Lower Egypt in ancient days, Top of modern map (North), where the Nile dumps into Med. Sea

Vikings

Next years Super Bowl Champion

inundation

Nile flood time between July and November

Stone Cutter, Surveyor, Mason, Foreman, Mortar Maker, Carpenter

Several thousand men who would be the workers on the Pyramid

Nile River

The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean Sea

builder of Great Pyramid of Giza

What was Pharaoh Khufu known for?

rock quarry

Where Ancient Egyptians went to carve out their rocks to build the pyramids

dolerite

a hard type of rock used as a tool for carving the blocks of the pyramid

Arabian Peninsula

a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf

sarcophagus

a stone coffin, typically adorned with a sculpture or inscription and associated with the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece.

Pharaoh Khufu ruled from...

about 2551 to 2528 B.C.E. during the Old Kingdom period

Pharaoh

an Egyptian king

Nile River Valley

in Egypt; provided water, travel, protection, fertile soil, Green area around Nile River on our map, Red on our vegetation map

Sahara

largest desert in the world, covering almost all of North Africa

Giza, Egypt

location of Great Pyramids

portcullises

soled rock (granite doors) lowered to seal the room from thieves after the burial

Middle Kingdom

the period of Egyptian history from about 2000 to 1850 BC and marked by order and stability and some say reunification

Causeways

today it is raised roads made of packed earth. In Ancient Egypt its covered passage which connects the Valley Temple to the Mortuary Temple.

Embalming

treating with preservatives to prevent decay

Desert and Desert scrub

two main vegetation zones in North Africa

canopic jars

used during embalming to hold organs (liver, intestines, stomach, lungs)