History Ch 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2

Battle of Yorktown: Why do the British pursue peace after the battle?

Great Britain lacked money to pay for a new army to fight, so they entered into peace talks with America. Benjamin Franklin had an influential role in the negotiations.

What were the terms of the 2nd treaty of Paris?

Great Britain recognized the independence of the U.S. The treaty also set America's borders. A separate treaty between Britain and Spain returned Florida to the Spanish. British leaders also accepted American rights to settle and trade west of the original thirteen colonies.

Battle of Yorktown: What is Washington's plan?

He was going to trap Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown.

Battle of Trenton: Impact of Battle?

The Patriots re-enlisted and more soldiers joined the army.

What problems with trade did the U.S experience with Great Britain and Spain?

-Great Britain: After the signing of the Treaty of Paris, Britain closed many of its ports to American ships. So Americans had trouble trading with Britain. They also forced American merchants to pay high tariffs and their economic condition was getting worse by the day. -Spain: Spanish officials closed the lower Mississippi River to U.S shipping. Western farmers and merchants were furious because they used the Mississippi to send goods to eastern and foreign markets.

What were the contributions of the Marquis de Lafayette, Baron Von Steuben,and Bernardo de Galvez?

-Marquis de Lafayette- French statesman and officer who viewed the American Revolution as important to the world, he helped finance the Revolution and served as a major general. -Baron Von Steuben- European officer who had a lifetime of military experience. He didn't speak the language of his men but memorized English commands and drilled them. The drills worked and he turned the Continental Army into a tough fighting force. -Bernardo de Galvez- Governor of Spanish Louisiana, he captured key cities from British, greatly aiding the American Patriot movement and enabling the Spanish acquisition of Florida.

Battle of Saratoga: Key officers?

Benedict Arnold, Marquis de Lafayette, Bernardo de Galvez, and Baron Friedrich Von Steuben,

What powers were granted Congress by the Articles of Confederation?

Congress could settle conflicts among states, make coins, borrow money, and make treaties with other countries and with Native Americans. They could also ask states for money and soldiers but they could refuse these requests.

What are the 3 main components of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

Created a system for bringing new states into the Union. Congress agreed that the Northwest Territory would be divided into several smaller territories with a governor appointed by Congress. In addition, the law protected civil liberties and required that public education be provided. Finally, the ordinance stated that " there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the territory." It banned slavery in the Territory and set the standard for future territories.

What economic problems did the U.S face under the Articles of Confederation?

Most power held by states, one branch of gov, legislative branch has few powers, no executive branch, no judicial system, no system of checks and balances.

Battle of Trenton: What happened?

On Christmas night, 1776, Washington and 2400 soldiers silently rowed across the Delaware River. As morning rose, the men marched through the snow to reach the enemy camp. The Hessians were fast asleep when the Patriots sprang upon them and they took over 900 prisoners.

What was the impact of Shay's Rebellion on the American public?

Shays was defeated and some were sentenced to death; others to prison. Soon, most were freed including Shays. State officials knew that many citizens of the state agreed with the rebels and their cause. Shays's rebellion showed the weakness of the Confederation government. Most power was held by states, one branch of government, legislative branch has few powers, no executive branch, no judicial system, and no system of checks and balances.

What caused Shays's Rebellion?

The Massachusetts's tax policy hit farmers hard and Shay was one of them. They had to pay the new taxes. If they didn't, they would have to sell some of their property or go to debtors' prison. So, a poor farmer and Revolutionary War veteran, Daniel Shays, led hundreds of men in a forced shutdown of the Supreme Court in Springfield, Massachusetts.

How were public lands divided by the Land Ordinance of 1785?

The land was split into townships, which were 36 square miles divided into 36 lots of 640 acres each. One lot was reserved for a public school, and four lots were given to veterans. The remaining lots were sold to the public.

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

They didn't have a president or national court system and it had limited powers.

Battle of Saratoga: Impact of Victory?

They got foreign help and the Continental Congress ratified a treaty of support with France.

Battle of Trenton: Problems facing Washington?

They had early defeats in Canada and New York and after that, all the soldiers were discouraged and their one-year contract was ending. The army was vanishing so he had to hire mercenaries. They also were running low on clothes and supplies.

What impact did the Winter at Valley Forge have on the Continental Army?

They lacked supplies and clothing which made it hard to survive. During that winter, 2000 soldiers died of disease and malnutrition. The survivors became better soldiers and were more confident and determined.

Battle of Yorktown: What happens?

Washington traps Cornwallis at Yorktown along with 16000 soldiers and ordered all his other troops to block other escape routes. The fight began and it steadily wore down British defenses. Facing near defeat, Cornwallis surrendered.

mercenary-

foreign soldiers who fight not out of loyalty, but for pay

guerrilla warfare-

hit and run tactics

scuttle-

intentionally sinking a ship to avoid enemy capture

inflation-

occurs when there are increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money

ratification-

official approval

depression (economic)-

period of low economic activity combined with a rise in unemployment

constitution-

set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of the government

siege-

surrounding and isolating a fortified place to force a surrender

tariff-

taxes on imports or exports

confederation-

union of states