History Chapter 11 Key Terms and Names

Dorothea Dix

(1802-1877) appointed superintendent of female nurses of the Army in 1861.

Gettysburg

(AL) 1863 (meade and lee), July 1-3, 1863, turning point in war, Union victory, most deadly battle

Habeas Corpus

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

Mary Chesnut

S.C. Woman /kept famous Civil War Diary

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Said Lincoln was going beyond constitutional power by suspending habeas corpus, this was ignored

William Yancey

Asked Britain to formally recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation.

John Wilkes Booth

Assassinated Abraham Lincoln

Arthur MacArthur

Union soldier, became colonel at age 19, father or World War II hero Douglas MacArthur

Antietam

A battle near a sluggish little creek, it proved to be the bloodiest single day battle in American History with over 26,000 lives lost in that single day.

Anaconda Plan

Union strategy to defeat the Confederacy

General Joseph Hooker

A major general in the Union Army. Hooker is best remembered for his stunning defeat by Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863.

Income tax

A tax on people's earnings

David G. Farragut

Admiral of the Union Navy during the Civil War. Led the daring attack and capture of New Orleans the led to the Union's control of the Mississippi River.

Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain

Union, led Maine troops, succeeded in holding the line on Little Round Top

Vicksburg

Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union, fell less than 24 hours after Gettysburg

A.P. Hill

Confederate General during the Civil War and at Gettysburg

Alexander T. Augustana

African American surgeon in Civil War, became Lieutenant Colonel

James Longstreet

Confederate general at the battle of Gettysburg

General Jeb Stuart

Confederate general of cavalry at Gettysburg, told to circle right flank of Meade's forces

George Pickett

Confederate general who led Pickett's charge at Gettysburg

Merrimack

Confederate ironclad ship

Sally Tompkins

Confederate nurse who ran a hospital in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War

Stephen R. Mallory

Confederate secretary of navy

Seven Days Battles

Confederate victory in Virginia, during which Lee stopped Union campaign against Richmond

Horace Greely

Editor of the New York Tribune, abolitionist, founder of Republican Party

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote

William Tecumseh Sherman

2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in "the march to the sea." He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went, remained in army after the war and fought Native Americans

Monitor vs. Merrimack

Battle during the civil war fought with ironclads showing wooden warships were now obsolete, ended in a draw

General Ulysses S. Grant

Captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Commander of the Union army towards end of the war

Henry Wirz

Commandant of Andersonville; only known man charged with war crimes and executed

Robert E. Lee

Commander of the Confederate Army, loved Virginia above all, after the war he lost his plantation, became president of Washington College, now named Washington and Lee University

Appomattox Court House

Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant

Matthew Brady

Famous civil war photographer

Stonewall Jackson

Famous nickname for the Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson

Fort Sumter

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

Petersberg

Final battle of the civil war

Sergeant William Carney

First African american to win the Congressional medal of honor

First Battle of Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.

General Thomas J. Jackson

Great general of the Confederate army; Hero of Bull Run. Nickname- Stonewall Jackson

Abraham Lincoln suspended habeas corpus

How did the executive branch grow in power during the Civil War?

Red Cross

International organization that helps provide relief for people in times of natural disaster or times of war

Abner Doubleday

Invented baseball

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's speech to honor fallen soldiers at dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery

Cemetery Ridge

Location of Union lines at Gettysburg, high ground that the South wanted

Chancellorsville

May 1st, 1863- Confederate Victory. Jackson is shot in friendly fire and later dies in this battle.

General Joseph E. Johnston

McClellan finally in spring of 1862 began toward the confederate capital. McClellan encountered the confederate army led by this general who was injured in battle

Patrick Tillman

NFL football player for the Arizona Cardinals, gave up multi million dollar contract to serve in army, accidentally shot by people on his side

Army of the Potomac

Name for the major Union force deployed near Washington, commanded by General McClellan during the Civil War.

Copperheads

Northern Democrats who favored peace with the South

Fort Multry

Other South Carolina fort

Radical Republicans

Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Henry M. Turner

Reverend and free-born African-american who the book quoted

National Bank Act of 1863

Set up a system of federally chartered banks, set requirements for loans, and provided for banks to be inspected.

Andersonville

The most infamous prison in the south. There was no shelter. There was a huge population, and there were food shortages, overcrowding, and disease that killed about 100 men a day during the summer months.

James Mason and John Slidell

The two diplomats who were sent by the Confederacy on ship named Trent in attempt to gain support from Great Britain and France in the war

True

Trrue/False Jefferson Davis also suspended habeas corpus.

True

True/False: More soldiers on both sides died of disease than man made weapons.

False

True/False: The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in New Orleans.

Subversion

Undermined, shut out from the inside

Robert Anderson

Union Major who refused to surrender Fort Sumter to the Southerners; After 34 hours of fighting he formally surrenders

Colonel Robert G. Shaw

Union commander of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment

David Gregg

Union commander who classed with General Stuart's forces three miles away

General Irvin McDowell

Union general at the Battle of Bull Run/Manassas, was told not to attack

General George Meade

Union general; surrounded and defeated Lee at Gettysburg

Monitor

Union ironclad ship

Clara Barton

Union nurse, nicknamed "angel of battlefield", founded American Red Cross

Frank Aretas Haskell

Union officer in the Battle of Gettysburg

Giden Welles

Union secretary of navy

Did not believe government had the right to abolish slavery, his goal was to preserve the Union

What was Lincoln's view on slavery?

Battle of Manassas

What was the South's name for the First Battle of Bull Run?

Antietam

What was the battle that Lincoln fired McClellan?

Fords Theater

What was the name of the theater Abraham Lincoln was shot at?

Blockade ports, use Mississippi River to split Confederacy, capture the Richmond capital

What were the three parts of the Anaconda Plan?

Drain of manpower in the army, Union occupied food growing areas, and lost slaves to work in fields

What were three reasons the Confederacy faced a food shortage?

April 1865

When did the civil war end?

April 1861

When did the civil war start?

Theodore Roosevelt

Which famous president's father hired someone to take his place in a military draft

McClain family farm house

Whose farm house was the treaty that ended the Civil War signed?

Second Battle of Bull Run

a Civil War battle in which the Confederate army forced most of the Union army out of Virginia

13th Amendment

abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

John Ericsson

an American Swedish-born inventor and mechanical engineer who designed the U.S.S. Monitor

United States Sanitary Commission

an organization that provided medical assistance and supplies to army camps and hospitals

Charles Wilkes

captain of US ship San Jacinto, intercepted and arrested Mason and Slidell in Trent Affair

John Buford

commander of the Union Calvary at Gettysburg, slowed down confederates; held high ground at cemetery ridge

Dissent

disagreement

Conscription

draft

Edward Everett

famous orator who gave a two-hour speech at Gettysburg

Garland H. White

former fuigitve slave who was chaplain of a black regiment

Fort Pillow

site of Confederate massacre of more than 200 African American war prisoners

Shiloh

the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862), taught armies needed scouts, trenches, and fortifications, Grant was the commander, battle seemed to be a draw

George McClellan

union general, 1st commander, overly cautious, fired by Lincoln, good at training men, ran against Lincoln in elections of 1864