History Chapter 11 Key Terms and Names
Dorothea Dix
(1802-1877) appointed superintendent of female nurses of the Army in 1861.
Gettysburg
(AL) 1863 (meade and lee), July 1-3, 1863, turning point in war, Union victory, most deadly battle
Habeas Corpus
An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.
Mary Chesnut
S.C. Woman /kept famous Civil War Diary
Chief Justice Roger Taney
Said Lincoln was going beyond constitutional power by suspending habeas corpus, this was ignored
William Yancey
Asked Britain to formally recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation.
John Wilkes Booth
Assassinated Abraham Lincoln
Arthur MacArthur
Union soldier, became colonel at age 19, father or World War II hero Douglas MacArthur
Antietam
A battle near a sluggish little creek, it proved to be the bloodiest single day battle in American History with over 26,000 lives lost in that single day.
Anaconda Plan
Union strategy to defeat the Confederacy
General Joseph Hooker
A major general in the Union Army. Hooker is best remembered for his stunning defeat by Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863.
Income tax
A tax on people's earnings
David G. Farragut
Admiral of the Union Navy during the Civil War. Led the daring attack and capture of New Orleans the led to the Union's control of the Mississippi River.
Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain
Union, led Maine troops, succeeded in holding the line on Little Round Top
Vicksburg
Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union, fell less than 24 hours after Gettysburg
A.P. Hill
Confederate General during the Civil War and at Gettysburg
Alexander T. Augustana
African American surgeon in Civil War, became Lieutenant Colonel
James Longstreet
Confederate general at the battle of Gettysburg
General Jeb Stuart
Confederate general of cavalry at Gettysburg, told to circle right flank of Meade's forces
George Pickett
Confederate general who led Pickett's charge at Gettysburg
Merrimack
Confederate ironclad ship
Sally Tompkins
Confederate nurse who ran a hospital in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War
Stephen R. Mallory
Confederate secretary of navy
Seven Days Battles
Confederate victory in Virginia, during which Lee stopped Union campaign against Richmond
Horace Greely
Editor of the New York Tribune, abolitionist, founder of Republican Party
Andrew Johnson
17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote
William Tecumseh Sherman
2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in "the march to the sea." He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went, remained in army after the war and fought Native Americans
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Battle during the civil war fought with ironclads showing wooden warships were now obsolete, ended in a draw
General Ulysses S. Grant
Captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Commander of the Union army towards end of the war
Henry Wirz
Commandant of Andersonville; only known man charged with war crimes and executed
Robert E. Lee
Commander of the Confederate Army, loved Virginia above all, after the war he lost his plantation, became president of Washington College, now named Washington and Lee University
Appomattox Court House
Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant
Matthew Brady
Famous civil war photographer
Stonewall Jackson
Famous nickname for the Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson
Fort Sumter
Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War
Petersberg
Final battle of the civil war
Sergeant William Carney
First African american to win the Congressional medal of honor
First Battle of Bull Run
First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.
General Thomas J. Jackson
Great general of the Confederate army; Hero of Bull Run. Nickname- Stonewall Jackson
Abraham Lincoln suspended habeas corpus
How did the executive branch grow in power during the Civil War?
Red Cross
International organization that helps provide relief for people in times of natural disaster or times of war
Abner Doubleday
Invented baseball
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln's speech to honor fallen soldiers at dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery
Cemetery Ridge
Location of Union lines at Gettysburg, high ground that the South wanted
Chancellorsville
May 1st, 1863- Confederate Victory. Jackson is shot in friendly fire and later dies in this battle.
General Joseph E. Johnston
McClellan finally in spring of 1862 began toward the confederate capital. McClellan encountered the confederate army led by this general who was injured in battle
Patrick Tillman
NFL football player for the Arizona Cardinals, gave up multi million dollar contract to serve in army, accidentally shot by people on his side
Army of the Potomac
Name for the major Union force deployed near Washington, commanded by General McClellan during the Civil War.
Copperheads
Northern Democrats who favored peace with the South
Fort Multry
Other South Carolina fort
Radical Republicans
Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
Henry M. Turner
Reverend and free-born African-american who the book quoted
National Bank Act of 1863
Set up a system of federally chartered banks, set requirements for loans, and provided for banks to be inspected.
Andersonville
The most infamous prison in the south. There was no shelter. There was a huge population, and there were food shortages, overcrowding, and disease that killed about 100 men a day during the summer months.
James Mason and John Slidell
The two diplomats who were sent by the Confederacy on ship named Trent in attempt to gain support from Great Britain and France in the war
True
Trrue/False Jefferson Davis also suspended habeas corpus.
True
True/False: More soldiers on both sides died of disease than man made weapons.
False
True/False: The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in New Orleans.
Subversion
Undermined, shut out from the inside
Robert Anderson
Union Major who refused to surrender Fort Sumter to the Southerners; After 34 hours of fighting he formally surrenders
Colonel Robert G. Shaw
Union commander of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment
David Gregg
Union commander who classed with General Stuart's forces three miles away
General Irvin McDowell
Union general at the Battle of Bull Run/Manassas, was told not to attack
General George Meade
Union general; surrounded and defeated Lee at Gettysburg
Monitor
Union ironclad ship
Clara Barton
Union nurse, nicknamed "angel of battlefield", founded American Red Cross
Frank Aretas Haskell
Union officer in the Battle of Gettysburg
Giden Welles
Union secretary of navy
Did not believe government had the right to abolish slavery, his goal was to preserve the Union
What was Lincoln's view on slavery?
Battle of Manassas
What was the South's name for the First Battle of Bull Run?
Antietam
What was the battle that Lincoln fired McClellan?
Fords Theater
What was the name of the theater Abraham Lincoln was shot at?
Blockade ports, use Mississippi River to split Confederacy, capture the Richmond capital
What were the three parts of the Anaconda Plan?
Drain of manpower in the army, Union occupied food growing areas, and lost slaves to work in fields
What were three reasons the Confederacy faced a food shortage?
April 1865
When did the civil war end?
April 1861
When did the civil war start?
Theodore Roosevelt
Which famous president's father hired someone to take his place in a military draft
McClain family farm house
Whose farm house was the treaty that ended the Civil War signed?
Second Battle of Bull Run
a Civil War battle in which the Confederate army forced most of the Union army out of Virginia
13th Amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
John Ericsson
an American Swedish-born inventor and mechanical engineer who designed the U.S.S. Monitor
United States Sanitary Commission
an organization that provided medical assistance and supplies to army camps and hospitals
Charles Wilkes
captain of US ship San Jacinto, intercepted and arrested Mason and Slidell in Trent Affair
John Buford
commander of the Union Calvary at Gettysburg, slowed down confederates; held high ground at cemetery ridge
Dissent
disagreement
Conscription
draft
Edward Everett
famous orator who gave a two-hour speech at Gettysburg
Garland H. White
former fuigitve slave who was chaplain of a black regiment
Fort Pillow
site of Confederate massacre of more than 200 African American war prisoners
Shiloh
the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862), taught armies needed scouts, trenches, and fortifications, Grant was the commander, battle seemed to be a draw
George McClellan
union general, 1st commander, overly cautious, fired by Lincoln, good at training men, ran against Lincoln in elections of 1864