AHI 204 Final Quiz
What happens to Agamemnon on his return home?
-Agamemnon waits behind instead of sailing right away to appease Athena -He makes it back after some stormy weather but when he gets back he is slain by Aegisthus
What advice and things he needs to do, did Circe tell him?
-He needs to put wax in his own and his crews ears when going near the Sirens -He needs to go to the underworld to consult Tiresias -Specifics about Scylla and whirlpool Charybdis -Not to touch the cattle of the sun god, Helios
What are important scenes in the Sack of Troy?
-Laocoon gets killed by sea snakes -Astyanax (son of hector) is thrown off the wall of Troy by Odysseus -Ajax defiles Cassandra on Athena's alter -Aeneas (hero and member of royal line in Troy) escapes with his men -Aethra (Theseus mother) is taken back by her grandson's to return to Athens -Menelaos kills Deiphobus and gets his wife back
What happens in the Land of the Lotus Eaters?
-Odysseus' crew eat the lotus flower which makes them want to stay. Odysseus had to forcefully bring them back to reality
Who were the two important Trojan allies that helped fight in the war? Explain who they are and what they did.
-Penetheselia: An Amazon Queen and warrior who assisted Troy in the war, but was killed by Achilles. -Memnon: Ethiopian king that comes wearing armor made by the god, Hephaestus. He kills Antilochus (favorite of Achilles) so then Achilles kills Memnon.
What is the Trojan War stories in chronological order?
1. The Iliad 2. Aithiopis 3. Little Iliad 4. Sack of Troy 5. Nostoi 6. The Odyssey
What does Aiolos give Odysseus?
A bag of the west wind to bring them home
Who is Circe?
A beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus's men into animals when they land on her island. With Hermes' help, he resists her power and becomes her lover. He stays there for a year.
While Odysseus is stranded, what happened to his palace in Ithaca?
A mob of suitors have overrun his Palace and have courted his wife Penelope (without her consent). They (specif want to kill Telemachos (Odysseus son)
Who recovers Achilles' body?
Ajax and Odysseus
What happens to Ajax II in his return home?
Ajax is killed by a thunderbolt of Zeus that was ordered by Athena
What is the Sack of Troy?
An epic continuing the Trojan war and comes after the Little Iliad.
What is Nostoi ("Returns of the Heroes")?
An epic continuing the Trojan war history. Comes directly after the Sack of Troy. Follows the returns home of the Greek Heroes.
What is the Little Iliad? How does it start?
An epic continuing the Trojan war story. Comes chronologically after Aethiopis and starts with the contest of Ajax and Odysseus
What is the Aithiopis?
An epic that beings telling the Trojan war history
Why do Ajax and Odysseus dispute over who gets Achilles' arms?
At funeral games honoring death of Antilocus, achilles armor is a prize given to the greatest hero (they both recovered Achilles' body)-- they dispute over that
Why did Athena not meet Odysseus face to face?
Athena did not meet Odysseus face to face because she didn't want to upset Poseidon
Who intervenes again to help?
Athena saves him from Poseidon's wrath and Odysseus land at the home of the Phaeacians
What god/goddess is Odysseus' strongest support and helps his journey home?
Athena, she wants to help Odysseus and Telemachus
How does Memnon become imortal?
Because Memnon is the son of Eos, Once Eos found out Memnon died, he requested to Zeus that he make him immortal. Zeus grants that request.
What happens with Menelaos on his return home?
Because he didn't sacrifice to Athena, she sends strong winds to get him stranded. After several years he finally gets home once he realizes he has to sacrifice to Athena.
What happens when Circe lets Odysseus leave?
Circe gives him advice and everything he will encounter
Why does Odysseus sail right near Scylla, the sea monster?
Circe told him that Scylla is immortal and can't be defeated so he needs to sail past the monster to sacrifice 6 men so they all don't get sucked into the whirlpool (Charybdis)
Who recognizes Odysseus even in his disguise?
Eurycleia (mistress of the house) by seeing his scar on his leg and swears to tell no one his secret
Why can't Telemachus kill the suitors immediately?
He doesn't have enough confidence and experience to kill them
What does Tiresias tell Odysseus?
He gives Odysseus warnings about his journey home, and tells him what is going on at home
How did Achilles die?
He is killed by an arrow shot by Paris that was assisted by the god Apollo
Where is Odysseus? Why can't he leave?
He is stranded on Calypso's Island with out a ship or crew and Calypso is possessed by her love for him
What happens with Neoptolemos in his return home?
He is visited by his sea nymph grandmother, Thetis and she tells him to wait and go home by land. He follows her advice
How is Odysseus received on the island of Scheria, home of the Phaeacians?
He is welcomed nicely and Nausicaa (Phaeacian princess) shows him around the royal palace
When Odysseus and his men get to Helios' island, what happens?
Helios the sun god has a flock of cattle that are not supposed to be touched. While Odysseus was sleeping his men slaughter some of the sheep and ate it. Helios was very mad and called Zeus to kill them with a thunderbolt. Odysseus was the only survivor
What is the significance of the many "recognition scenes" in the Odyssey?
His identity is important and it ends up saving him in the end. The Odyssey's conjunction of recognition with homecoming aligns the identification of Odysseus with the entitlements of birth and possession.
How does Aithiopis start out?
It chronologically comes after the Iliad and it starts with the arrival of Trojan allies after the death of Trojan Hero, Hector
What kind of journey is the odyssey?
It is an epic- a heroic journey going home. It is a story of a man overcoming challenges and obstacles successfully
How does the Sack of Troy start out?
It opens with the Trojans discussing what do do with the wooden horse which the Greeks have "left behind"
How does the Odyssey start out?
It's been 10 years since the Trojan War and Odysseus has still not returned home.
What does the poem Ithaca symbolize?
Ithaca symbolizes the destination of a long journey, the supreme aim that every man tries to fulfill all his life long, the sweet homeland, the eternal calmness, and satisfaction of being with loved ones
What is the metaphor of the poem Ithaca?
Just as the journey to Ithaca is a metaphor for the human journey through life, so Ithaca is a metaphor for all destinations.
Who gets home right away safetly?
Nestor and Diomedes
What happened at the battle with Polyphemus the cyclops?
Odysseus and his men get to the island and Polyphemus is angered and kills some of the men. Odysseus blinds the cyclops
Why does Poseidon despise Odysseus?
Odysseus blinded his son, the cylops, Polyphemus earlier in his travels
Why does Odysseus have to go to the underworld for Tiersias?
Odysseus sails to the edge of the ocean to go to the underworld to get advice from the prophet Tiresias
Why was Odysseus successful in returning home, while his shipmates were not? Give an example.
Odysseus' traits of determination, respectfulness (ex- to Calypso) righteousness, self-restraint and cleverness exemplify his heroism. An example is at the island of Helios he doesn't touch the cattle even when his shipmates do
Who is the only greek hero that doesn't make it back in Nostoi?
Odysseus- his return is described in The Odyssey
Who are the Lotus Eaters?
People who ate flowers that had hypnotizing powers and induce memory loss
Why does Odysseus blind Cyclops rather than kill him?
Polyphemus is the only one who can move the boulder from the entrance of the cave
Who caused the Trojan War?
Queen Helen of Troy (Sparta)
How did Helen cause the Trojan war?
She chose Menelaus as her husband but when Menelaus was absent, Helen fled to Troy with Paris (son of the Trojan king Priam). Menelaus found out that she was "abducted" and convinced his brother Agamemnon (king of Mycenae) to lead an expedition to retrieve her
How does Athena help Telemachus?
She disguises herself as Mentor (old man) and meets with Telemachus to go to Pylos and Sparta to get information about his father
Penelope thinks this strange old man might be her long lost husband so she makes a plan, what is it?
She tests him by telling the suitors that she will marry anyone who can string Odysseus bow and fire an arrow through a row of twelve axes
Who is Sinon? What lies does he tell the Trojans? What is he trying to achieve?
Sinon is a greek who pretends he was left behind by the Greeks and tells the Trojans that the wooden horse is a peace offering and is empty.
How was Troy taken?
Sinon opens the horse at night and the bravest, strongest Greeks jumped out and took Troy
Why did Athena disguise Odysseus when he got home?
So he can swiftly take the palace back
What happens next?
Telemachus offers him the bow and he does it quickly. Then Odysseus and Telemachus turn the bows on the suitors and kills them. Odysseus finally reveals his identity
What does the Mykonos Pithos show? What is it?
The Mykonos Pithos is a vase depicting 16 scenes and killings of the Trojan War. It is meant to tell the story of the Trojan War in images.
How does the Trojan Horse get into Troy?
The greeks pretend to desert the war by sailing and leaving a wooden horse as an "offering" to Athena
What does the poem, Ithaca, by C.P Cavafy describe?
The journey of Odysseus to his home island and how it can be prolonged for increasing knowledge, wisdom, and wealth.
Who is Calypso?
The nymph who holds Odysseus captive for 7 years on her island
Who was Achilles?
The swiftest of the Greeks and a spartan hero, killed Trojan hero Hector
What happens when Odysseus reveals his identity to the phaecians?
They are excited and demand to hear the stories of his adventures. Then they will give him a safe passage home back to Ithaca
Why does Telemachus go to Pylos and Sparta?
To meet with Nestor and Menelaus and they inform him that Odysseus is alive but trapped on Calypso's island
Why did Penelope make up the contest of the bow?
To stall for time for odysseus and because it was a feat that only Odysseus has been able to compete
What was the lesson of the lotus eaters?
Too much of a good thing can be dangerous
Who is Laocoon?
Trojan prophet that warns the Trojans about the horse and gets killed by sea snakes sent by Poseidon
What happens to the bag of the west winds?
When Odysseus was sleeping, some of his men opened it thinking it was gold and they got wrecked off the correct path
How does Odysseus blind the cyclops?
When Polyphemus is out with his sheep, he gets a piece of wood and hardens it, he gets the cyclops drunk and stabs him in the eye, blinding him
Who gets Achilles' arms? What happens to the other person?
With the help of Athena, Odysseus wins Achilles' armor. Ajax goes insane and attacks the Achaenean' herd. He commits suicide after out of shame.
Who sends Hermes to rescue Odysseus? Why does it go wrong?
Zeus sends Hermes to rescue him by persuading Calypso to let him built a boat but as Odysseus leaves Poseidon finds out and sends a storm to wreck his ship
