History Chapter 13 Section 4
Although the Populist Party began to decline after 1896, some of the ____ they favored did come about in later decades
reforms
realizing that their problems were caused by a ______ many farmers concluded that ___ _____ had pressured Congress into reducing money supply
shortage of currency eastern bankers
William Jennings Bryan
strong supporter of silver
People's Party
the populist party was created by farmers' alliances. The peoples' party supported the abolition of national banks and the government ownership of railroads
gold bugs
those who wanted gold to be the only money supply
silverites
those who wanted the free coinage or minting of silver
William McKinley's personal reputation helped to improve the Republican Party's image with ___ ___ and ___
urban workers immigrants
Some people, particularly those living in the ________, wanted the government to ____ ____ ____
west mint silver coins
In Wabash v. Illinois, the supreme court ruled that the states could not regulate ___ _____________
railroads (any commerce that crossed state lines)
Populists who attended the Omaha convention called for federal ownership of _______ and a graduated ____ ____
railroads income tax
farmer complaints
-deflation and falling crops -high tariffs -victimized by banks and railroads
Farmer's Alliance
-formed after the grange started to fall apart -support in south and great plains, mainly Kansas, Nebraska, North and South Dakota -Charles W Macune was the leader -create exchanges -wanted to force farm prices up to make loans to farmers at low interest rates -some exchanges were successful however large cooperatives failed
government responses to organized groups and farmer's complaints
-interstate commerce act -sherman anti-trust act -subtreasury plan
Subtreasury Plan
-made by charles macune to get southern democrats to support the third party -it called for the government to set up warehouses called subtreasuries for farmers to store crops to limit quantities making people buy them before running out
The Grange
-originally for social and educational purposes -farmers looking for help after nation plunged into severe recession joined it -pressured state legislatures to regulate railroad and warehouse rates -tried to create cooperatives
To get inflation under control after the Civil War, the federal government did all of the following
-stopped printing greenbacks -began paying off its bonds -stopped making silver coins
Election of 1896 candidates
1. William Jennings Bryan (Democrat)- wanted unlimited coinage of silver 2. William McKinley (Republican)- against coinage of silver and said it would lead to the closing of factories and unemployment; supported the gold standard and a protective tariff
tariff
A tax on imported goods that helped manufacturing but hurt farmers
the peoples party supported ___________________ due to his same beliefs and decided not to identify themselves as a separate party
William Jennings Bryan
Results of the election of 1896
McKinley- 51% popular, 271 electoral Bryan- 47% popular, 176 electoral McKinley won by a margin of 95 electoral votes
what were the two organized groups?
The Grange and Farmer's Alliance
populism
The movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for legislation in their interest.
who were gold bugs?
bankers and industrialists
____ pooled farmers' crops and held them off the market in order to __ __ __
cooperatives force up prices
the exchanges had success with _____ in Texas and ______ in Illinois
cotton wheat
inflation
decline in the value of money
Both the ____ and the ____ nominated William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896
democrats populists
A plan by Charles Macune called for farmers to store their crops in government warehouses called _______
exchanges
beliefs and goals of the populist party f-farmers i-industrial/urban workers e-everyone *-still around today
f-free coinage (unlimited minting) of silver= inflation *i-eight hour workday/immigrant restrictions *e-direct election of senators *e-graduated/progressive income tax f-end the tariff f-federal government ownership of railroads and banks
who were silverites?
farmers and silver miners
what was the main focus of the people's party?
free coinage of silver
McKinley launched a ____________________ greeting delegates who came to his home in Canton Ohio.
front porch campaign
William McKinley
governor of ohio
To help finance the Union war effort, the United States issues millions of dollars in ____, which could no be exchanged for ___ or ___ coins
greenbacks gold silver
deflation
increase in the value of money and a decrease in prices
a rapid increase in the money supply without an increase in goods for sale caused ______ which is a decline in the value of money
inflation
cooperative
marketing organizations that try to increase prices and lower costs for their members
in the _____ things began to go downhill for farmers
mid 1870s
One specific problem that greatly concerned farmers was the nations ______
money supply
Populism was a movement to increase farmers' ___ _____ and to work for ______ in their interest
political power legislation