History Chapter 13 Section 4

Although the Populist Party began to decline after 1896, some of the ____ they favored did come about in later decades

reforms

realizing that their problems were caused by a ______ many farmers concluded that ___ _____ had pressured Congress into reducing money supply

shortage of currency eastern bankers

William Jennings Bryan

strong supporter of silver

People's Party

the populist party was created by farmers' alliances. The peoples' party supported the abolition of national banks and the government ownership of railroads

gold bugs

those who wanted gold to be the only money supply

silverites

those who wanted the free coinage or minting of silver

William McKinley's personal reputation helped to improve the Republican Party's image with ___ ___ and ___

urban workers immigrants

Some people, particularly those living in the ________, wanted the government to ____ ____ ____

west mint silver coins

In Wabash v. Illinois, the supreme court ruled that the states could not regulate ___ _____________

railroads (any commerce that crossed state lines)

Populists who attended the Omaha convention called for federal ownership of _______ and a graduated ____ ____

railroads income tax

farmer complaints

-deflation and falling crops -high tariffs -victimized by banks and railroads

Farmer's Alliance

-formed after the grange started to fall apart -support in south and great plains, mainly Kansas, Nebraska, North and South Dakota -Charles W Macune was the leader -create exchanges -wanted to force farm prices up to make loans to farmers at low interest rates -some exchanges were successful however large cooperatives failed

government responses to organized groups and farmer's complaints

-interstate commerce act -sherman anti-trust act -subtreasury plan

Subtreasury Plan

-made by charles macune to get southern democrats to support the third party -it called for the government to set up warehouses called subtreasuries for farmers to store crops to limit quantities making people buy them before running out

The Grange

-originally for social and educational purposes -farmers looking for help after nation plunged into severe recession joined it -pressured state legislatures to regulate railroad and warehouse rates -tried to create cooperatives

To get inflation under control after the Civil War, the federal government did all of the following

-stopped printing greenbacks -began paying off its bonds -stopped making silver coins

Election of 1896 candidates

1. William Jennings Bryan (Democrat)- wanted unlimited coinage of silver 2. William McKinley (Republican)- against coinage of silver and said it would lead to the closing of factories and unemployment; supported the gold standard and a protective tariff

tariff

A tax on imported goods that helped manufacturing but hurt farmers

the peoples party supported ___________________ due to his same beliefs and decided not to identify themselves as a separate party

William Jennings Bryan

Results of the election of 1896

McKinley- 51% popular, 271 electoral Bryan- 47% popular, 176 electoral McKinley won by a margin of 95 electoral votes

what were the two organized groups?

The Grange and Farmer's Alliance

populism

The movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for legislation in their interest.

who were gold bugs?

bankers and industrialists

____ pooled farmers' crops and held them off the market in order to __ __ __

cooperatives force up prices

the exchanges had success with _____ in Texas and ______ in Illinois

cotton wheat

inflation

decline in the value of money

Both the ____ and the ____ nominated William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896

democrats populists

A plan by Charles Macune called for farmers to store their crops in government warehouses called _______

exchanges

beliefs and goals of the populist party f-farmers i-industrial/urban workers e-everyone *-still around today

f-free coinage (unlimited minting) of silver= inflation *i-eight hour workday/immigrant restrictions *e-direct election of senators *e-graduated/progressive income tax f-end the tariff f-federal government ownership of railroads and banks

who were silverites?

farmers and silver miners

what was the main focus of the people's party?

free coinage of silver

McKinley launched a ____________________ greeting delegates who came to his home in Canton Ohio.

front porch campaign

William McKinley

governor of ohio

To help finance the Union war effort, the United States issues millions of dollars in ____, which could no be exchanged for ___ or ___ coins

greenbacks gold silver

deflation

increase in the value of money and a decrease in prices

a rapid increase in the money supply without an increase in goods for sale caused ______ which is a decline in the value of money

inflation

cooperative

marketing organizations that try to increase prices and lower costs for their members

in the _____ things began to go downhill for farmers

mid 1870s

One specific problem that greatly concerned farmers was the nations ______

money supply

Populism was a movement to increase farmers' ___ _____ and to work for ______ in their interest

political power legislation