chapter 13 a&p 1

ganglion

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

The cerebral medulla

consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex

The spinal cord begins at the

foramen magnum

The central sulcus separates the

frontal and parietal lobes

The blockage of CFS inside the brain is a condition called

internal hydrocephalus

All spinal nerves from C2 to L5 exit the vertebral column through a(n)

intervertebral foramen

In the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called

nuclei

Which of the following nerves is associated with the lumbosacral plexus?

obturator

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains

only motor fibers

Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the

thalamus

A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reaching for objects. What part of the brain is most likely damaged?

the cerebellum

If cerebrospinal fluid does not drain properly,

the excess fluid exerts pressure on the brain.

Dentists anesthetize a portion of the _____ nerve to stop pain impulses from the teeth

trigeminal

Intercostal nerves are formed from the

ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.

8

What structural feature of the brain regulates the movement of materials from the blood into the brain?

blood-brain barrier

nerves

bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs

The epineurium

bundles fascicles into nerves

Cranial nerve function includes

somatic motor

Which of the following is not a lobe of the cerebrum?

sphenoidal

There are _____ enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves supplying the extremities enter and leave.

two

Damage to which of the following cranial nerves might result in death?

vagus nerve

Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

vagus nerve

The motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the

ventral root

What do the cavities of the neural tube become in the adult brain?

ventricles

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by tissue in the walls and roofs of the

ventricles of the brain

Injury to the thalamus would

affect sensory projection to the cerebral cortex

Fascicles

Bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium

From which embryonic brain region does the cerebellum form?

metencephalon

Which of the following statements concerning the brainstem is true?

Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal.

epineurium

Dense connective tissue that surrounds entire nerve including fascicles and blood vessels.

What is found the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord?

The cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

What is found in the dorsal root ganglion?

The cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons

Which of the following activities would stimulate the reticular formation?

a clock radio coming on in the morning

Which of the following statements concerning the structure of spinal nerves is true? Select one: a. The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers. b. The ventral root has a prominent root ganglion. c. Each spinal nerve is formed by the union of a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve. d. Rootlets from the surface of the spinal cord form the dorsal and ventral rami. e. Spinal nerves do not have specific cutaneous distributions.

a. The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers.

The middle, thin, spider-like meninx is the

arachnoid mater

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network known as the

arbor vitae

The inferior colliculi

are involved with auditory pathways in the CNS

Which of the following is false? Select one: a. The dorsal and ventral roots unite to form spinal nerves. b. The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons. c. The ventral root is formed by the axons of neurons in the lateral and anterior horns. d. The dorsal root of the spinal cord conveys sensory (afferent) nerve impulses to the spinal cord. e. The ventral root of the spinal cord conveys motor (efferent) nerve impulses away from the spinal cord.

b. The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.

The internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery join on the base of the brain to form the

cerebral arterial circle.

Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervated the diaphragm arise primarily from which plexus?

cervical

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the ____ and is reabsorbed by the ___.

choroid plexus, arachnoid granulation

Which of the following activities is NOT associated with the cerebrum?

controlling the autonomic nervous system

What is the large C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres?

corpus callosum

The gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the

cortex

Damage to the phrenic nerve would result in

difficulty breathing

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as

dorsal root

What structure makes the dorsal root different from the ventral root?

dorsal root has a ganglion

The most superficial meningeal layer is

dura mater

The thickest of the meninges is the

dura mater

From which germ layer does the nervous system form?

ectoderm

What space, found between the vertebral wall and the dura mater, is the area for injecting anesthesia for childbirth?

epidural space

Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve

facial

Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve.

facial

When you lick frosting off a knife with the tip of your tongue and find the frosting has an orange flavor to it, which cranial nerve is being used to determine the taste of the frosting?

facial

Which of the following cranial nerves has a parasympathetic component?

facial

Facial expression is regulated by the

facial nerve

During an autopsy the brainstem was separated from the rest of the brain by a cut between the

midbrain and diencephalon

During brain surgery, the superior portion of the postcentral gyrus of a patient is stimulated. The patient is most likely to

feel pressure on his toes.

Smooth, flowing movements are the result of fine motor coordination in the

lateral cerebellar hemispheres

The corpus striatum is composed of the

lentiform and caudate nuclei

The spinal cord

links the peripheral nervous system to the brain

Which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?

medulla oblongata

The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following?

muscles of the arm and forearm

From which embryonic brain region does the medulla oblongata form?

myelencephalon

The cross-sectional view of the spinal cord reveals white matter on the

outside, gray matter on the inside, and a ventral motor root

What structures are formed from neural crest cells?

peripheral nervous system

The part of the brain that connects the medulla to the midbrain is the

pons

Improper use of crutches could cause compression of the _____ nerve.

radial

The sleep/wake cycle is influenced by the

reticular formation

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the

sacral plexus.

If an animal has had its cerebrum removed, it cannot

see.

During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?

subarachnoid space

Where is cerebrospinal fluid found around the spinal cord?

subarachnoid space

The superior and inferior colliculi are located in which of the following portions of the midbrain?

tectum (roof)

The lateral fissure separates the _____ from the rest of the cerebrum

temporal lobe

The lateral fissure separates the _____ from the rest of the cerebrum.

temporal lobe

The primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in

the postcentral gyrus

The Roman numerals assigned to each cranial nerve reflect

the sequence from anterior to posterior in which they emerge from the brain

The cerebral aqueduct connects

the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

Which ventricle is located between the two halves of the thalamus?

third ventricle

The sciatic nerve is composed of the

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve