chapter 13 a&p 1
ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
The cerebral medulla
consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex
The spinal cord begins at the
foramen magnum
The central sulcus separates the
frontal and parietal lobes
The blockage of CFS inside the brain is a condition called
internal hydrocephalus
All spinal nerves from C2 to L5 exit the vertebral column through a(n)
intervertebral foramen
In the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called
nuclei
Which of the following nerves is associated with the lumbosacral plexus?
obturator
The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains
only motor fibers
Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the
thalamus
A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reaching for objects. What part of the brain is most likely damaged?
the cerebellum
If cerebrospinal fluid does not drain properly,
the excess fluid exerts pressure on the brain.
Dentists anesthetize a portion of the _____ nerve to stop pain impulses from the teeth
trigeminal
Intercostal nerves are formed from the
ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves
There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.
8
What structural feature of the brain regulates the movement of materials from the blood into the brain?
blood-brain barrier
nerves
bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs
The epineurium
bundles fascicles into nerves
Cranial nerve function includes
somatic motor
Which of the following is not a lobe of the cerebrum?
sphenoidal
There are _____ enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves supplying the extremities enter and leave.
two
Damage to which of the following cranial nerves might result in death?
vagus nerve
Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
vagus nerve
The motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the
ventral root
What do the cavities of the neural tube become in the adult brain?
ventricles
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by tissue in the walls and roofs of the
ventricles of the brain
Injury to the thalamus would
affect sensory projection to the cerebral cortex
Fascicles
Bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium
From which embryonic brain region does the cerebellum form?
metencephalon
Which of the following statements concerning the brainstem is true?
Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal.
epineurium
Dense connective tissue that surrounds entire nerve including fascicles and blood vessels.
What is found the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord?
The cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
What is found in the dorsal root ganglion?
The cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons
Which of the following activities would stimulate the reticular formation?
a clock radio coming on in the morning
Which of the following statements concerning the structure of spinal nerves is true? Select one: a. The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers. b. The ventral root has a prominent root ganglion. c. Each spinal nerve is formed by the union of a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve. d. Rootlets from the surface of the spinal cord form the dorsal and ventral rami. e. Spinal nerves do not have specific cutaneous distributions.
a. The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers.
The middle, thin, spider-like meninx is the
arachnoid mater
The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network known as the
arbor vitae
The inferior colliculi
are involved with auditory pathways in the CNS
Which of the following is false? Select one: a. The dorsal and ventral roots unite to form spinal nerves. b. The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons. c. The ventral root is formed by the axons of neurons in the lateral and anterior horns. d. The dorsal root of the spinal cord conveys sensory (afferent) nerve impulses to the spinal cord. e. The ventral root of the spinal cord conveys motor (efferent) nerve impulses away from the spinal cord.
b. The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.
The internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery join on the base of the brain to form the
cerebral arterial circle.
Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervated the diaphragm arise primarily from which plexus?
cervical
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the ____ and is reabsorbed by the ___.
choroid plexus, arachnoid granulation
Which of the following activities is NOT associated with the cerebrum?
controlling the autonomic nervous system
What is the large C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres?
corpus callosum
The gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the
cortex
Damage to the phrenic nerve would result in
difficulty breathing
The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as
dorsal root
What structure makes the dorsal root different from the ventral root?
dorsal root has a ganglion
The most superficial meningeal layer is
dura mater
The thickest of the meninges is the
dura mater
From which germ layer does the nervous system form?
ectoderm
What space, found between the vertebral wall and the dura mater, is the area for injecting anesthesia for childbirth?
epidural space
Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve
facial
Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve.
facial
When you lick frosting off a knife with the tip of your tongue and find the frosting has an orange flavor to it, which cranial nerve is being used to determine the taste of the frosting?
facial
Which of the following cranial nerves has a parasympathetic component?
facial
Facial expression is regulated by the
facial nerve
During an autopsy the brainstem was separated from the rest of the brain by a cut between the
midbrain and diencephalon
During brain surgery, the superior portion of the postcentral gyrus of a patient is stimulated. The patient is most likely to
feel pressure on his toes.
Smooth, flowing movements are the result of fine motor coordination in the
lateral cerebellar hemispheres
The corpus striatum is composed of the
lentiform and caudate nuclei
The spinal cord
links the peripheral nervous system to the brain
Which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?
medulla oblongata
The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following?
muscles of the arm and forearm
From which embryonic brain region does the medulla oblongata form?
myelencephalon
The cross-sectional view of the spinal cord reveals white matter on the
outside, gray matter on the inside, and a ventral motor root
What structures are formed from neural crest cells?
peripheral nervous system
The part of the brain that connects the medulla to the midbrain is the
pons
Improper use of crutches could cause compression of the _____ nerve.
radial
The sleep/wake cycle is influenced by the
reticular formation
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the
sacral plexus.
If an animal has had its cerebrum removed, it cannot
see.
During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?
subarachnoid space
Where is cerebrospinal fluid found around the spinal cord?
subarachnoid space
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in which of the following portions of the midbrain?
tectum (roof)
The lateral fissure separates the _____ from the rest of the cerebrum
temporal lobe
The lateral fissure separates the _____ from the rest of the cerebrum.
temporal lobe
The primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in
the postcentral gyrus
The Roman numerals assigned to each cranial nerve reflect
the sequence from anterior to posterior in which they emerge from the brain
The cerebral aqueduct connects
the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
Which ventricle is located between the two halves of the thalamus?
third ventricle
The sciatic nerve is composed of the
tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
