History chapter 16

How would life in a Fourierist phalanx qualify as a reform of Restoration Europe's economic order? a. All members would work at diverse tasks, in comfort. b. All members would receive the same pay for their work. c. All members would learn how to do all of the necessary tasks to keep the phalanx running. d. All members would do what they could, and take what they needed from the community. e. All members would receive training in skilled, specialist work.

a. All members would work at diverse tasks, in comfort.

What message did Tecumseh spread among the Indians of the Great Lakes region? a. They should unify and stop selling land to the Americans. b. They should unify and invade the settled areas of the United States. c. They should withdraw to the west of the Mississippi River. d. They should sell their land for as high a price as possible. e. They should attack those Native Americans who cooperated with the United States.

a. They should unify and stop selling land to the Americans.

What form of government was most common in post-Napoleonic Europe? a. conservative monarchy b. participatory democracy c. constitutional monarchy d. revolutionary republic e. socialist utopia

a. conservative monarchy

Viewed collectively, the actions of rebels and dissidents in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflected: a. local traditions and levels of contact with global trade networks and European power. b. their embrace of Enlightenment ideals and European technology. c. the status of dissident leaders within their native societies. d. the support they received from outside sources such as foreign missionaries. e. the level of bureaucratic organization within their native societies.

a. local traditions and levels of contact with global trade networks and

For Marx and Engels, the key conflict in nineteenth-century European society was between: a. workers and capitalists. b. men and women. c. empires and nationalists. d. rulers and subjects. e. rich and poor.

a. workers and capitalists.

All of the following contributed to the beliefs and goals of the Taiping Rebellion except: a. Christian ideas introduced by missionaries. b. Orthodox Confucian beliefs. c. dissatisfaction with the Qing dynasty. d. traditional Chinese spirituality. e. a wish to revitalize a troubled land.

b. Orthodox Confucian beliefs

How did the Greeks use nationalist arguments in support of their fight for independence during the 1820s? a. They cited the presence of Greek traders and merchants throughout the eastern Mediterranean. b. They cited their ancient Greek heritage and their membership in the community of Christians. c. They cited their similarity to other, independent European cultural groups. d. They cited British support for Italian campaigns for independence and unity. e. They cited the weakness and indebtedness of the Ottoman sultans and suggested that they could do a better job of governing themselves.

b. They cited their ancient Greek heritage and their membership in the community of Christians.

What did the radical thinkers of Restoration-period Europe have in common? a. a religious basis for their opposition to established governments b. a belief in the importance of popular sovereignty c. a hatred for Napoleon Bonaparte d. a belief in the necessity of armed struggle for victory e. an opposition to the continued existence of monarchies

b. a belief in the importance of popular sovereignty

The introduction of what new crop to the Yucatan encouraged the incorporation of the Maya into the plantation system? a. cotton b. henequen c. sugar d. cocoa e. corn

b. henequen

The Shawnee Prophet's message of renewal appealed to: a. the Shawnee people. b. members of many Indian tribes. c. converts to Christianity. d. American settlers. e. the British.

b. members of many Indian tribes.

What event sparked the Indian Mutiny of 1857? a. British reprisals against peasants who refused to pay their taxes b. The British East India Company issuing IOUs to soldiers in lieu of their salaries c. A rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles d. A rumor that the food provided by the British East India Company violated soldiers' religious beliefs e. An attempt to depose the Mughal emperor

c. A rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles

All of the following groups supported Usman dan Fodio's revolt against the Hausa citystates except: a. devout Muslims. b. Fulani tribesmen. c. Fulani women. d. Hausa landlords. e. Hausa peasants

d. Hausa landlords.

Tenskwatawa advised his followers to do all of the following except: a. abstain from alcoholic beverages. b. hunt with bows and arrows. c. stop raising livestock. d. stop fighting battles. e. teach their children traditional crafts.

d. stop fighting battles.

Utopian socialist thinkers believed in creating change by using _______. a. violence b. elections c. prophecy d. advertising e. planning

e. planning

The international order that began to emerge during the nineteenth century was based on all of the following except: a. the ideals of the French and American revolutions. b. laissez-faire capitalism. c. the nation-state as a form of social organization. d. new technologies and industrial organization. e. the emergence of international law

e. the emergence of international law

How did non-Indian Mexicans view the Mayan rebellion they called the Caste War? a. As a battle between forward-looking Mexican liberals and backward-looking Indians b. As a battle between the rule of law and social anarchy c. As a battle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie d. As a battle between Mexican political conservatives and Indian radicals e. As a battle for economic supremacy in the Yucatan

a. As a battle between forward-looking Mexican liberals and backward-looking Indians

How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate? a. It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region. b. It changed from an urban religion to the religion of rural pastoralists. c. It changed from a polytheistic religion to a monotheistic religion. d. It changed from a warlike religion to a peaceful religion. e. It changed from a religion shared among all social groups to a religion of the upper

a. It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region.

Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century? a. Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited resources and defend against their enemies. b. Larger states were more efficient at gathering goods for trade with Europeans, and benefited from European technologies. c. Larger states were better at utilizing agricultural land, allowing them to relieve population pressure more effectively than smaller settlements. d. Larger states were more diplomatic and less reliant on force in dealing with their neighbors. e. Larger states were able to experiment with new leadership styles, ending their dependence on traditional forms of political order.

a. Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited resources and defend against their enemies.

Which of the following was not a change made by the British in their approach to ruling India after 1857? a. The British began to use railroads, roads, and telegraph lines to link the region together and make it easier to govern effectively. b. The British East India Company lost its position as ruler of India. c. The British promised to refrain from interfering in Indian religious issues. d. The British promised to honor treaties made with chiefs and princes. e. The British began to allow Indians to serve in some government positions.

a. The British began to use railroads, roads, and telegraph lines to link the region together and make it easier to govern effectively.

Which indigenous group benefited from the British East India Company's changing policies in the years leading up to the 1857 Indian rebellion? a. peasants b. moneylenders c. princes d. soldiers e. tax collectors

b. moneylenders

What does the popularity of the Rani of Jhansi as a hero in Indian ballads suggest about life in India after 1857? a. that Indian culture had a strong feminist element and preferred stories of brave women b. that the British defeat of the rebellion didn't eliminate the wish for alternatives to colonial rule c. that industrialization made Indian people nostalgic for their earlier way of life d. that Indian ballads were used to promote leaders who cooperated with the British e. that ballads about the rebellion were less popular than stories of legendary princes and princesses

b. that the British defeat of the rebellion didn't eliminate the wish for alternatives to colonial rule

Shaka of the Zulu is an example of what type of African traditional leader? a. the religious prophet b. the "big man" c. the tribal elder d. the ruler who depends on long-distance trade for power and prestige e. the absolute monarch

b. the "big man"

Wahhabi Islam was a threat to the political power of _______. a. Napoleon Bonaparte b. the Ottoman Empire c. the House of Saud d. the British e. the Egyptians

b. the Ottoman Empire

Charles Fourier can best be described as a(n) _______. a. anarchist b. utopian socialist c. Slavophile d. liberal e. reactionary

b. utopian socialist

Why did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels call their theories "scientific" socialism? a. Because their arguments were based in statistical analysis b. Because they were inspired by Enlightenment philosophy c. Because their arguments were rooted in a materialist view of history d. Because all of their statements had been verified through experimentation e. Because everything they wrote was backed up with empirical evidence

c. Because their arguments were rooted in a materialist view of history

How did the Mayan rebels express their increasing desire for cultural autonomy? a. By migrating southward into Central America b. By increasing their guerrilla attacks on their enemies, hoping to drive them out of the Yucatan c. By creating a new political, moral, and religious system that was almost entirely divorced from the rest of Mexico d. By declaring the Yucatan to be an autonomous, Maya-ruled Mexican province e. By eliminating all Western technologies and ideas from their lives

c. By creating a new political, moral, and religious system that was almost entirely divorced from the rest of Mexico

What happened in the aftermath of the Shawnee rebellion? a. American settlers and Indians learned to live peacefully together in the Great Lakes region. b. The Shawnee migrated to Canada and received better treatment from the British. c. The U.S. government relocated most Native Americans west of the Mississippi River. d. The Shawnee converted to Christianity in large numbers. e. Other tribes assumed leadership roles in continuing resistance to American expansionism.

c. The U.S. government relocated most Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.

The Taiping Rebellion was an example of what Chinese tradition? a. Confucian codes of administration b. rule by foreign dynasties c. egalitarian, millenarian peasant revolts d. violent uprisings by members of ethnic minority groups e. rejection of outside influences as inferior to Chinese ideas

c. egalitarian, millenarian peasant revolts

How did nationalist thinkers define "the nation"? a. in terms of allegiance to the same king or ruler b. in terms of adherence to the same religion c. in terms of a shared language and shared history d. in terms of shared family relationships e. in terms of shared economic interests

c. in terms of a shared language and shared history

. During the early nineteenth century, southern Africa experienced a crisis caused by: a. the encroachment of European settlers. b. the introduction of opium by the British. c. overpopulation that strained the region's resource base. d. Islamic reform movements. e. outbreaks of epidemic disease.

c. overpopulation that strained the region's resource base.

Early socialist and communist reformers wanted to: a. overthrow the existing political order. b. overthrow the existing economic order. c. overthrow the existing political and economic order. d. overthrow the existing religious order. e. overthrow the existing political and religious order.

c. overthrow the existing political and economic order.

Islamic reformers in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were inspired by: a. the wealth of the established Islamic empires. b. the similarities between Islam and other Abrahamic religions. c. the life of Mohammed and early Islamic practice. d. the connections that had emerged between Islam and regional religious traditions. e. the growing power of European military forces.

c. the life of Mohammed and early Islamic practice.

Mohammad Ibn al-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement stressed the oneness of Islam as a reaction against: a. the presence of multiple Islamic empires such as the Mughals and the Ottomans. b. the tendency of some Muslims to experiment with European ideas and technologies. c. the polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims. d. debates among representatives of different religions at the Mughal court. e. the increasing importance of global trade networks.

c. the polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims.

Which of the following was not a characteristic shared among the Shawnee, Maya, and Indian rebellions against colonial control? a. a wish to return to a precolonial social order b. armed resistance against colonial power c. the use of prophecy to encourage resistance d. desire for increased autonomy e. anger at the behavior of colonial officials

c. the use of prophecy to encourage resistance

What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat? a. A victory by the bourgeoisie would reduce the proletariat to slavery. b. They would agree to reform working conditions and create a basic social safety net. c. A victory by the proletariat would lead to the slaughter of the bourgeoisie and the creation of a new industrial order. d. A victory by the proletariat would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the withering away of the state. e. A victory by the bourgeoisie would result in the reinforcement of capitalism and private property, and things would stay pretty much the way they were.

d. A victory by the proletariat would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the withering away of the state.

Hong Xiuquan believed that he was: a. an administrative prodigy who could reform Qing governance. b. the heir to the tradition of Mohammed. c. a representative leader of the Chinese peasantry. d. Jesus' younger brother sent to rid the world of evil. e. destined to rid China of all Western influences

d. Jesus' younger brother sent to rid the world of evil.

When the Mayans of the Yucatan peninsula revolted against the Mexican government in 1847, what was their initial demand? a. They wanted complete cultural autonomy. b. They wanted political independence. c. They wanted to retain the right to own their land individually. d. They wanted political equality with other Mexicans. e. They wanted the ability to benefit from plantation agriculture.

d. They wanted political equality with other Mexicans.

What reform or reforms did the British Chartist movement call for? a. the drawing up of land charters to protect the property rights of small farmers b. the creation of charters outlining the rights of workers in factories c. the eight-hour day, weekends off, and safer working conditions in factories d. annual parliamentary elections, universal male suffrage, and the secret ballot e. elimination of religious discrimination in Britain

d. annual parliamentary elections, universal male suffrage, and the secret ballot

Peasant participation in the Indian rebellion of 1857 was characterized by: a. a big-picture perspective and recognition of an Indian national identity. b. calls for Indian Hindus to overthrow Muslims and the British. c. attempts to overthrow the Mughal dynasty because it had betrayed the Islamic faith. d. attacks on people and places that represented their oppression, both Indian and British. e. attacks on Indian princes who were seen as backward and repressive.

d. attacks on people and places that represented their oppression, both Indian and British.

In Restoration-period Europe, liberal thinkers wanted to: a. return to prerevolutionary patterns of political and economic authority. b. continue to pursue political and economic reforms. c. export European innovations to other parts of the world. d. continue to pursue political reforms, but not attempt economic reforms. e. extend political rights to women and the poor.

d. continue to pursue political reforms, but not attempt economic reforms.

The leaders of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Islamic revitalization movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which new practice? a. the abolition of slavery b. making alliances between Islam and other religious traditions c. increasing the Islamic presence in world markets d. creating full-scale theocratic polities e. industrialization in the Islamic world

d. creating full-scale theocratic polities

Which of the following did not contribute to social and political instability in China after the Opium War? a. the expansion of opium consumption b. the growth of banditry and local rebellions c. pressure from a growing population d. increased standards of living among the peasantry e. local leaders assuming authority at the expense of the Qing dynasty

d. increased standards of living among the peasantry

What did the Islamic revitalization movements of the early nineteenth century have in common with the Taiping movement in China? a. Both emphasized the need for new scientific and technological developments. b. Both were embraced by political elites as a way to secure their rule. c. Both drew on multiple religious traditions in forming their beliefs and goals. d. Both set out to purify a religious tradition that they believed had become corrupt. e. Both provided new opportunities to claim political and spiritual legitimacy.

e. Both provided new opportunities to claim political and spiritual legitimacy.

What change did the British East India Company make in its approach to ruling India during the 1840s? a. It ceded its control of India to the British crown. b. It allowed the native aristocracy effectively to rule India and profited by collecting rents. c. It encouraged the Mughal emperor to rule as an absolute monarch. d. It banned the practice of the Hindu religion in India. e. It annexed more land and stripped native aristocrats of their privileges.

e. It annexed more land and stripped native aristocrats of their privileges.

Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, how did the Mayan experience of colonial rule differ from that of other indigenous Mexican peoples? a. A stronger missionary presence meant that more Mayans converted to Christianity. b. More minerals meant that Mayans were recruited more intensively for work in the mines. c. Conflict between the Spanish and the Portuguese meant that more Mayans were killed in war. d. Lack of port cities meant that Mayans were less able to participate in trade than other Mexican natives. e. Lack of minerals or fertile land meant that Mayans escaped from forced labor recruitment and social disruption.

e. Lack of minerals or fertile land meant that Mayans escaped from forced labor recruitment and social disruption.

Which of the following groups of people was most attracted to Wahhabi Islam? a. People who believed their current version of Islam was too restrictive and needed to compromise with local cultural traditions. b. People who were curious about Western innovations and wanted to explore them. c. People who belonged to Sufi sects and devoted themselves to Muslim saints. d. People who supported the power of the Ottoman Empire in the Arabian peninsula. e. People who felt threatened by the increasing pace of commerce and intellectual change

e. People who felt threatened by the increasing pace of commerce and intellectual change

What was the outcome of the 1848 revolutions in Europe? a. an overthrow of capitalism b. increased democracy and civil rights c. civil wars throughout continental Europe d. the redrawing of European boundaries on national lines e. a crackdown by reactionary governments

e. a crackdown by reactionary governments

When the Shawnee and other Native Americans wanted to cooperate with U.S. government officials and Christian missionaries, they were asked to do all of the following except: a. give men rather than women responsibility for farming. b. accept individual ownership of property. c. convert to Christianity. d. abandon their communal traditions. e. abandon their native language.

e. abandon their native language.

Generally speaking, the Taiping Rebellion failed because: a. it failed to attract strong support from the peasants. b. the support it received from Western powers alienated the majority of the Chinese people. c. the Taipings were not able to feed themselves. d. its followers were mainly Manchus, alienating the Han Chinese majority. e. it failed to attract strong support from the landed gentry and other elite groups.

e. it failed to attract strong support from the landed gentry and other elite groups.

The goals of reactionaries in Europe during the Restoration period included all of the following except: a. reinstatement of clerical power. b. restoration of royal privileges. c. dismantling of democratizing reforms. d. promotion of traditional forms of rule. e. reversal of the beginnings of industrialization.

e. reversal of the beginnings of industrialization.