History Chapter 18

Why did congress impeach President Andrew Johnson and how did the impeachment and trial affect his presidency.

By 1868 Radicals believed the Supreme Court and Andrew Johnson's power should be stopped. The main reason for the impeachment was because he unlawfully removed Edwin Stanton from office. He was only one vote short of the amount needed to be roe over. But the impeachment weakened Johnson for his remaining presidency.

Why didn't president Grant seek a third term in the election of 1876

By 1875 he acknowledged the growing opposition to his renomination

What agreement allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president?

The compromise of 1877

What was the compromise of 1877 and how does it help to end Reconstruction?

The compromise of 1877 was an unwritten deal that settled the dispute of the 1876 election. The Democrats agreed that Hayes could take office in exchange for a withdraw of all federal troops in the South. Democrats controlled the South. Over the next few decades protection of black civil rights crumbled under the pressure of white rule in the South.

Who assasinated Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth

Why did the Radical Republicans in Congress and President Johnson battle about reconstruction?

Johnson vetoed the extension of the Freedmen's Bureau in 1866. Johnson and the Radicals disagreed about the goals of reconstruction. Johnson thought the Rebel states never really left the Union. But Radicals believed the succeeded states should be treated as conquered territory or forfeit all of their rights. Johnson Criticized Radicals and vetoed the Civil Right Act of 1866. But congress overrode his vetoes.

How did president Lincoln's plan differ from Congress's plan? (The Wade Davis Bill)

Lincoln's plan stated that a southern sate could form a new government once 10% of the voters too an oath of loyalty to the Union. His plan also supported voting rights for educated blacks and blacks who served in the Union Army. Congress's plan said that 50% of the voters had to take an oath of loyalty instead of 10% to form a new state. Congress's plan also stated that only white males who swore they never took up arms against the Union could hold office. Congress also wanted to give full citizenship and equal rights to all blacks.

What were the provisions of the Military Reconstruction Act?

No legal state gov. or adequate protections for life and property now exists in the rebel south Required southern states to accept black suffrage Required southern states to ratify the 14th amendment

How did the Freedmen's Bureau provide assistance to newly freed slaves?

Provided them with medical and legal assistance

Which group during reconstruction stood for sweeping change in the South and full equality for the Freedmen?

Radical Republicans

Why were republicans certain their congressional plan of reconstruction would pass over Johnson's vetoes in 1867?

Republicans held more than a 2/3 majority in each house of Congress

The 14th Amendment

Rights of Citizens

How did the defeat of the confederacy transform southern society?

Salves were freed and living in comfort. But this along with property destruction and land values collapsing left planters homeless. Children were taught to hate the Yankees. The people who were once Slaves have changed and now live different lives.

How much involvement did African Americans have in southern politics during reconstruction?

Southern blacks were active during reconstruction. Former slaves. Many freedmen were provided with leadership training. Which resulted in many black representatives in office, and many served at a state level government. But whites still used terror and intimidation and violence to stop them from gaining economic equality.

What were the "black codes" and how did congress react to them?

"Black Codes" restricted the freedom of African Americans. They were different in each state, but typically included laws that forced blacks to enter annual labor contracts, and laws that punish then for being unemployed. They were also forced to work in labor fields if they could not pay their fines. Congress passed a civil rights act of 1866 which made black citizens entitled to equal justice under the law.

How did the Military Reconstruction Acts of 1867 promote congressional reconstruction and signal a victory of Radical Reconstruction?

The Military reconstruction acts all men could vote if they were registered and took a loyalty oath. The Radicals were then in charge. These acts also caused the Southern states to form new governments and rewrite the constitution. They signaled a Radical victory because the south was being treated like conquered territory.

Which president preferred the term restoration rather than reconstruction?

Andrew Johnson

Why did congress pass the Tenure of Office Act?

To keep radical sympathizer Edwin Stanton in Johnson's cabinet

Why did the KKK emerge in the late 1860s

To terrorize black and white republicans

Why did congress pass the resumption act?

Wanted to allow for the redemption of greenbacks in gold

The 13th Amendment

abolished slavery

Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?

he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing his secretary of war, Edwin Stanton

By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to Reconstruction efforts had:

turned violent