History-chapter 23

. the policy by which the United States committed itself to preventing any further expansion of Soviet power.

"Containment" in the context of post-World War II international diplomacy on the part of the United States referred to

False

"Dixiecrats" nominated Hubert Humphrey for president in 1948. True or False

False

Despite their initial efforts, the United Nations was never fully interested in worldwide civil rights and political liberties. True or False

True

In the context of the Cold War, no matter how repressive a nation was, so long as it supported the United States it was counted as a member of the Free World. True or False

True

The Marshall Plan proved to be one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history.

the U.S. contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe.

The Marshall Plan, proposed by Secretary of State George C. Marshall, suggested that

False

Alger Hiss, an editor at Time magazine, accused Whittaker Chambers, a high-ranking State Department official, of giving him secret government documents to pass along to the Soviet Union. True or False

False

Although the United States was instrumental in the rebuilding of German industry, it did not significantly contribute to similar efforts in Japan. True or False

True

American officials used anticommunist sentiment to investigate political dissenters and to otherwise widen their powers. True or False

True

By the early 1950s, state and local laws banning discrimination in employment and housing remained largely unenforced. True or False

True

In 1947, an exhibition of historical documents traveled across the country on what was called the Freedom Train. While the exhibit showcased in many cities, two exceptions were Memphis, Tennessee and Birmingham, Alabama. Both cities insisted on separate viewings of the exhibit by race, a demand to which the organizers of the Freedom Train would not agree. True or False

True

In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) launched hearings into communist influence in Hollywood, and, in consequence, actors, directors, and screenwriters were blacklisted or jailed. True or False

the "loss" of China to communism.

In 1949, the containment policy suffered a major setback in the form of

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

In 1951, a jury convicted this couple of conspiracy to pass secrets concerning the atomic bomb to Soviet agents during World War II.

True

In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order desegregating the armed forces. True or False

True

In many ways, the Cold War both reshaped immigration and promoted the rapid expansion of higher education. True or False

Jackie Robinson

In the context of postwar civil rights, what baseball player joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, challenging the longstanding exclusion of black players from Major League Baseball?

the Fair Deal.

President Harry S. Truman's program that focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans - calling on Congress to increase the minimum wage, enact a program of national health insurance, and expand public housing, social security, and aid to education - was

False

President Harry Truman was defeated by Thomas Dewey in the election of 1948.

Strom Thurmond.

The "Dixiecrat" presidential ticket of 1948 was led by

False

The 1946 congressional elections marked a resounding triumph for Truman's Fair Deal program. True or False

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The 1948 United Nations-approved document that called for a range of rights to be enjoyed by people everywhere, including freedom of speech and religion, the right to an adequate standard of living, access to adequate housing, education, and medical care, as well as social and economic entitlements, was called

North Korea and South Korea.

The Cold War suddenly turned hot in June 1950 in these regions

. the Hollywood Ten

The House Un-American Activities Committee charged these people with contempt of Congress, serving jail terms of six months to a year.

the Marshall Plan.

The June 1947 United States foreign policy initiative that envisioned a New Deal for Europe, and pledged billions of dollars to finance European economic recovery was

withdrew bargaining rights and legal protection from unions whose leaders failed to swear that they were not communists.

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

. asserted that the United States, as the leader of the "free world," must take up responsibility for supporting "freedom-loving peoples" wherever communism threatened them.

The Truman Doctrine in March 1947

. leading efforts to break the blockade by airlifting supplies to the city.

The Truman administration responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by

True

The U.S. government conducted an anti-gay campaign at the very time that gay men enjoyed a powerful presence in realms of culture and commercial life that were being promoted as expressions of American freedoms, including modern art and ballet, fashion, and advertising. True or False

Eleanor Roosevelt.

The United Nations committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was led by

True

The first confrontation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in the Middle East, in Iran. True or False

False

The formal peace treaty ending the Korean War was the Peace of Paris of 1953. True or False

False

The term "iron curtain" was coined by President Harry Truman. True or False

True

The term "totalitarianism" originated in Europe between World War I and World War II to describe aggressive, ideologically driven states that sought to subdue all civil society, including churches, unions, and other voluntary associations. True or False

Richard Nixon.

The young California congressman who first gained national prominence through his membership on the House Un-American Activities Committee was

the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952

This legislation authorized the deportation of immigrants identified as communists, even if they had become citizens.

Harry S. Truman

This person assumed the presidency after Roosevelt's death in April 1945.

False

Under the Truman Doctrine, only those governments that respected the democratic rights of citizens and the sovereignty of other peoples could expect friendship and support from the United States. True or False

It became clear that McCarthy was a bully who browbeat witnesses and made sweeping accusations with no basis in fact.

What happened at the nationally televised Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954?

the Taft-Hartley Act

What was the 1947 law that sought to reverse gains made by organized labor in the preceding decade by banning sympathy strikes and secondary boycotts, outlawing the closed shop, authorizing states to pass "right to work" laws and authorizing the president to suspend strikes by ordering an eighty-day cooling-off period?

Operation Dixie

What was the name of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) campaign to bring unionization to the South, by which more than 200 labor organizations entered the region in an effort to organize workers?

. President Truman acknowledged and accepted General MacArthur's push toward the Chinese border and his threat to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese

Which is not true of the Korean War (1950-1953)?

. the defeat of Operation Dixie

Which of the following was not a step toward racial equality in postwar America?

The Soviets formalized their own eastern European alliance, the Warsaw Pact.

Which was not a development of 1949?

True

While the anticommunist hysteria of the postwar years came to be known as "McCarthyism," it arose well before Senator Joseph McCarthy entered the scene. True or False

Thomas A. Dewey

While there were four main competitors for the office of the presidency in 1948, Truman's main rival was

Joseph R. McCarthy

Who was the United States senator from Wisconsin who announced in February 1950 that he had a list of Communists working for the State Department, and whose name later entered the political vocabulary as shorthand for character assassination, guilt by association, and abuse of power in the name of anticommunism?

George F. Kennan

Who was the person who sent the Long Telegram from Moscow in 1946 that lay the foundation for what became known as the policy of "containment"?