History Chapter 4
Ferdinand
Catholic Hapsburg King of Bohemia who sought to suppress Protestants and to assert royal power over nobles
Hapsburg Empire
Charles I was heir to this which included the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands.
Versailles
Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.
Miguel de Cervantes
Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)
Levee
a rising , competition of high ranking nobles for the honor of holding the royal wash basin
Constitutional Government
power is defined and limited by law
depopulation
reduction in population
mercenary
A professional soldier hired by a foreign army
partition
Division into pieces
Frederick II
"Frederick The Great"-1712-1786;King of Prussia, aggressive in foreign affairs. He preferred playing flute and poetry. His father put him in solitary confinement. He later used military to increase power and encouraged religious tolerance and legal reform.
Louis XIV
"the Sun King;" considered to be the model of absolute monarchs; he controlled all aspects of government,built the French army into the strongest in Europe to enforce his policies ; engaged in efforts to increase his power . He quoted, "I am the state." (followed policies of Richelieu)
Charles V
(1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands.
Cardinal Richelieu
(1585-1642) Minister to Louis XIII. His three point plan (1. Break the power of the nobility, 2. Humble the House of Austria, 3. Control the Protestants) helped to send France on the road to absolute monarchy.
James I
(1603-1625) First Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine right of kings.
Maria Theresa
(1717-80): queen of Hungary and Bohemia 1740-80. Her accession triggered the War of the Austrian Succession.
War of Austrian Succession
(1740-48)Conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Habsburg family. Before the death of Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor and archduke of Austria, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him.
westernization
Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture
Henry IV
-Huguenot prince . For 4 years he fought against the fierce Catholic opposition to gain control of France. Finally, to end the conflict, he converted to Catholicism. "Paris is well worth a mass." is his quote.
Oliver Cromwell
-Officer of the Parliamentary army (the New Model Army) English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator.
Edict of Nantes
..., 1598, decree made by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants
Elector
1 0f seven German princes who woul choose the Holy Roman Emperor
English Bill of Rights
1689 laws protecting the rights of English subjects and Parliament over the monarchy
Frederick William I
1713-1740, King of Prussia - prominence of army continued . He cleverly gained the loyalty of the Prussian nobles called Junkers by giving them positions in the army and government. His tactiics reduced the noble's independence and increased his own control.
armada
A fleet of warships
Catherine the Great
A monarch and Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) She embraced western ideas and and worked to bring Russia fully into European cultural and political life.
Dissenter
A person who does not agree with the beliefs of his or her leaders
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
Absolute Monarch
A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power
Philip II
Absolute monarch of Spain, military man that inherits one of the most powerful countries in the world. Expanded Spanish influence, strengthened Catholic Church, and made his own power absolute.
El Greco
Although he was not Spanish, was considered to be a master of Spanish painting(born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)
Jean Baptiste Colbert
An economic minister to Louis XIV; he supported mercantilism and tried to make France economically self-sufficient. Brought prosperity to France.
Divine Right
Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.
St Petersburg
Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweden
Cabinet
Handful of Parliamentary advisors
Charles I
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649
Huguenots
Known as French Protestants who were at war with Catholics.
boyars
Land owning aristocracy in early Russia.
warm-water port
Port that is free of ice year round.
Peace of Westphalia
Treaty negotiated in 1648 to end the Thirty Years' War, Europe's most destructive internal struggle over religion. The treaties contained new language recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees of security
Prussia
While Austria was molding a strong Catholic state, a region called_________emerged as a new Protestant power.
Peter the Great
czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government. He used his powers to put Russia on the road to becoming a great modern power.
Balance of Power
distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong
Obligarchy
form of government in which a few people have the power
intendants
imposed by Louis XIV, they were law officials who collected taxes and administered justice, and were cause of much discontent, "government agents"; took power from nobles and consolidated power of the King
autocratic
unlimited power or authority