History Chapter 8 - Section 2 (Ray)
Son of Heaven
Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou dynasty.
Their large territories
The Kings of the Zhou Dynasty had no trouble expanding their empire, but they could not control what?
Older family members
Who had the most power and privileges in the Zhou families?
The king
Who was the center of government in both Zhou and Shang Dynasty's?
Men
Who were considered most important and of higher status in Zhou society?
The leaders become corrupt, the large empire is hard to govern, there are heavy taxes for projects and luxurys
Why do dynasties become weak?
Chaos
great confusion, disorder
Warlords
military rulers of small states
Because the Shang leaders became corrupt and governed badly. King only cared about himself
According to the Zhou writings, why did they gain power over the Shangs?
Violence
After a dynasty falls theres a period of ____________ that follows until a new dynasty begins.
They rely wanted the power for themselves
Although the warlords said they were loyal to the king, what did they really want?
They could not keep their kingdom united
During the last part of the Zhou Dynasty, what was their main struggle?
A leader could take control of a land by force or war. If they won the battle then that victory served as proof that the heavens approves of them taking the land. The rulers had to then be kind and just to their people to keep the mandate
Explain the Mandate of Heaven:
King Wu
First king and founder of the Zhou dynasty in China
By failing to act properly or virtuously towards the people
How could they lose the Mandate of Heaven?
Through the Mandate of Heaven
How did the Zhou Dynasty establish its right to rule China?
The nomads and nobles over threw the king
How did the Zhou states grow more independent?
It was the highest force of nature and gave a Dynasty its right to rule
How did the Zhou view heaven?
It gave the people a way to pay for goods
How did the invention of coins make trade easier in the Zhou Dynasty?
The king no longer had all the power. More of the power was given to the individuals states and the nobles who ruled them.
How did the power of the king change during the Zhou Dynasty?
1.People were sold into slavery when their families were having hard times 2. It was used as a form of punishment
How did they use slavery in the Zhou Dynasty?
800 years
How long did the Zhou dynasty rule?
There was harmony between heaven and earth
If the Son of Heaven performed his job well then what would happen?
1. Iron to make stronger farm tools. 2. Irrigation and Fertilizer to help increase crops 3. Roads were built- that helped travel and trade. 4. Coins were invented - helped trade
Name several innovations and advancements that helped the Zhou Economy thrive and prosper:
Same basic laws, same language, similar clothes, bronze art
Similarities between the Zhou and Shang Dynasty's:
Zhou Dynasty
The 2nd and the longest lasting Chinese dynasty,
Gained; lost
The Chinese believed that each dynasty first ____________ and then ____________ the Mandate of Heaven.
Heavenly Mandate
The Zhous heavenly right to rule was called the what?
475 BC - 221 BC
Warring States Period in China was:
Invention of the crossbow, Invention of Iron to make weapons
What are two technological advancements of the Zhou Dynasty?
He placed family members in charge of regions and states
What did the Zhou King do to try and keep control of his large kingdom after he expanded the lands?
They gave more power to individual states and nobles that led the individual states
What did the Zhou do differently in their government than the Shang?
It disappeared and no one had it anymore
What happen to the loyalty of the people in the Zhou Dynasty during the Warring Period?
Nomadic invaders joined with nobles and tried to overthrow the King. This made the king weak and he had to depend on the nobles to stay in power.
What happened in 771 BC?
They Shang warriors surrendered and went with accepted the Zhou king as their new leader because they no longer likes the Shang king.
What happened when the Zhou attacked the Shang?
Mandate of Heaven
What idea was The Zhou Dynasty best known for?
Coins
What invention made trade across the Zhou empire easier?
It was a large area and there were many people from many different cultures
What made governing the Zhou Kingdom difficult?
Family
What was given the highest value in Chinese Society? What did they value the most?
Stopped doing human sacrifices and stopped using Oracle bones
What were differences between the Zhou and Shang Dynasty's? What did Zhou Dynasty do different?
Corruption in Government, uprisings and natural disasters
What were some possible omens that the Mandate of Heaven had been lost?
Serve the King and raise armies to support him
What were the nobles suppose to do in the Zhou Dynasty?
Farm the land and serve as soldiers in battle
What were the peasants suppose to do in the Shang Dynasty?
The Dynasty falls
When a dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven what happens?
1050 BC
When did the Zhou Dynasty defeat the Shang Dynasty?
That they had heavens support
When the Zhou defeated the Shang what did they think this meant?
256 BC
Zhou Dynasty ended in
Loyalty
Zhou society demanded that individuals show ___________ to their family's.
Warring Period
an era with chaos where millions of people died because of battles, conflicts and destruction
The Mandate of Heaven
the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods