History Chapter 8 - Section 2 (Ray)

Son of Heaven

Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou dynasty.

Their large territories

The Kings of the Zhou Dynasty had no trouble expanding their empire, but they could not control what?

Older family members

Who had the most power and privileges in the Zhou families?

The king

Who was the center of government in both Zhou and Shang Dynasty's?

Men

Who were considered most important and of higher status in Zhou society?

The leaders become corrupt, the large empire is hard to govern, there are heavy taxes for projects and luxurys

Why do dynasties become weak?

Chaos

great confusion, disorder

Warlords

military rulers of small states

Because the Shang leaders became corrupt and governed badly. King only cared about himself

According to the Zhou writings, why did they gain power over the Shangs?

Violence

After a dynasty falls theres a period of ____________ that follows until a new dynasty begins.

They rely wanted the power for themselves

Although the warlords said they were loyal to the king, what did they really want?

They could not keep their kingdom united

During the last part of the Zhou Dynasty, what was their main struggle?

A leader could take control of a land by force or war. If they won the battle then that victory served as proof that the heavens approves of them taking the land. The rulers had to then be kind and just to their people to keep the mandate

Explain the Mandate of Heaven:

King Wu

First king and founder of the Zhou dynasty in China

By failing to act properly or virtuously towards the people

How could they lose the Mandate of Heaven?

Through the Mandate of Heaven

How did the Zhou Dynasty establish its right to rule China?

The nomads and nobles over threw the king

How did the Zhou states grow more independent?

It was the highest force of nature and gave a Dynasty its right to rule

How did the Zhou view heaven?

It gave the people a way to pay for goods

How did the invention of coins make trade easier in the Zhou Dynasty?

The king no longer had all the power. More of the power was given to the individuals states and the nobles who ruled them.

How did the power of the king change during the Zhou Dynasty?

1.People were sold into slavery when their families were having hard times 2. It was used as a form of punishment

How did they use slavery in the Zhou Dynasty?

800 years

How long did the Zhou dynasty rule?

There was harmony between heaven and earth

If the Son of Heaven performed his job well then what would happen?

1. Iron to make stronger farm tools. 2. Irrigation and Fertilizer to help increase crops 3. Roads were built- that helped travel and trade. 4. Coins were invented - helped trade

Name several innovations and advancements that helped the Zhou Economy thrive and prosper:

Same basic laws, same language, similar clothes, bronze art

Similarities between the Zhou and Shang Dynasty's:

Zhou Dynasty

The 2nd and the longest lasting Chinese dynasty,

Gained; lost

The Chinese believed that each dynasty first ____________ and then ____________ the Mandate of Heaven.

Heavenly Mandate

The Zhous heavenly right to rule was called the what?

475 BC - 221 BC

Warring States Period in China was:

Invention of the crossbow, Invention of Iron to make weapons

What are two technological advancements of the Zhou Dynasty?

He placed family members in charge of regions and states

What did the Zhou King do to try and keep control of his large kingdom after he expanded the lands?

They gave more power to individual states and nobles that led the individual states

What did the Zhou do differently in their government than the Shang?

It disappeared and no one had it anymore

What happen to the loyalty of the people in the Zhou Dynasty during the Warring Period?

Nomadic invaders joined with nobles and tried to overthrow the King. This made the king weak and he had to depend on the nobles to stay in power.

What happened in 771 BC?

They Shang warriors surrendered and went with accepted the Zhou king as their new leader because they no longer likes the Shang king.

What happened when the Zhou attacked the Shang?

Mandate of Heaven

What idea was The Zhou Dynasty best known for?

Coins

What invention made trade across the Zhou empire easier?

It was a large area and there were many people from many different cultures

What made governing the Zhou Kingdom difficult?

Family

What was given the highest value in Chinese Society? What did they value the most?

Stopped doing human sacrifices and stopped using Oracle bones

What were differences between the Zhou and Shang Dynasty's? What did Zhou Dynasty do different?

Corruption in Government, uprisings and natural disasters

What were some possible omens that the Mandate of Heaven had been lost?

Serve the King and raise armies to support him

What were the nobles suppose to do in the Zhou Dynasty?

Farm the land and serve as soldiers in battle

What were the peasants suppose to do in the Shang Dynasty?

The Dynasty falls

When a dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven what happens?

1050 BC

When did the Zhou Dynasty defeat the Shang Dynasty?

That they had heavens support

When the Zhou defeated the Shang what did they think this meant?

256 BC

Zhou Dynasty ended in

Loyalty

Zhou society demanded that individuals show ___________ to their family's.

Warring Period

an era with chaos where millions of people died because of battles, conflicts and destruction

The Mandate of Heaven

the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods