history chapters 21 & 22

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

early in 1932 while roosevelt was still a candidte for the presidency, he created

"brain trust"

what challenged that protestant belief

"higher criticism" of the bible

kkk slogan

"one flag, one school, one bible"

klan spoke of aul spoke of

"pure americanism" "true americanism"

catt demanded suffrage as a

"war measure" bc if usa was to fight for democracy, then women should have democracy

may day riot

-1 socialist killed -40 injured

federal gov't criminal scheme

-3 oil reserves: elk hills, buena vista, & teapot dome managed by the navy -> fall asked to have the oil reserves transferred to the dep. of interior -> harding agreed

german rhineland

-according to the treaty of versailles, it was supposed to be kept clear of troops -hitler's army marched into here

margaret sanger

-adovate for family planning and birth control -advocate of eugenics

what was roosevelt's secret

-after being paralyzed by polio, he needed help to walk -deep strain in his marriage to elanor

immigration restriction act

-after carr's statement -set quotas for the # of immigrants allowed to enter usa

kristallnacht

-aka crystal night for all the broken glass -crowds attacked jewish stores, homes, and synoguges as the gov't arrested jews

geheime staatspolizei

-aka gestapo -authorized by nazis to enforce nazi authority -implented as usa was implenting the new deal

wheeler-howard act

-aka indian reorganization act

st valentine's day massacre

-al capones consolidated control of illegal liquor, police, and politics in chicago -"bugs" moran tried to take some of al capone's business -> capone hired hit men who killed moran

social security program

-announced by fdr -federal tax on employees and employers to fund the retirement system -fed. tax to support state-admin. unemployment insurance -emergency grants to fund immediate relief of indigent elderly -aid to dependent kids -modest support for public health

william andersoon

-anti saloon leader -condemned immigrant resistance to prohibition (don't like prohibition? go back to your home country)

members of brain trust

-argued -agreed that a lack of purchasing power was a key cause of the depression and that a way to be found to raise farm income and industrial wages so more americans could buy more of what the nation could produce, thus putting more americans back to work -preferred jobs over welfare

nicola sacco and bartolomeo vanzetti

-arrested for robbery and murder -> tried in midst of anti radical, anti-immigrant hysteria -> convicted -> executed

seattle general strike

-as time went on, others joined them -week long -nobody in seattle went to work

differences between the postwar era and pre/duringwar era

-ban on alcohol -changing roles of women -new technology

worldwide influenza pandemic

-began in 1918 -came to usa -1919: half a million americans died

high schools

-began to be built in small towns

clarece darrow

-best known lawyer in usa -volunteered to jin aclu -bryan volunteered for prosecution -scopes was guilty

nathan taylor

-black attorney -abducted by kkk and told to leave the state

"chicago defender"

-black newspaper -told sharecroppers about jobs available in chicago

what led to gravey's downfall

-black star line

southern tenant farmers union

-blacks were not getting AAA payments so they organizated this to try to get payments

ex of black music

-blues, gospel music, jazz

police force strike in 1919

-boston, ma -hadn't gotten wage increase in years -no police force (on strike) -> mobs looted stores -> police commissioner created a temporary volunteer force -> gov coolidge fired all striking cops

charleston, sc race riot

-brawl between white sailors and local blacks -> 2 blacks dead, whites injured

"civic bio"

-by hunter --species are modified during descent mainly via natural selection

factories in the fields book

-by mcwilliams -describes plight of ppl working in fields from dust bowl

"grapes of wrath"

-by steinback

fundamentalism

-called for literal reading of the bible and rejected any other interpretation -militant form of protestantism -pessimistic view of society

who challenged the kk

-catholic knights of columbus -black press -anti-klan american unity league

"big jim" colosimo

-chicago gangster -owned saloons and brothels -> nephew torrio came to work with him -> both became millionaires -colosimo shot after delivering some alcohol -> torio and al capone took control of the liquor business

lever food and fuel control act

-clause in it that banned the use of grain for hard liquor and gave the president authority to regulate wine and beer production

spanish general francisco franco

-commader of spanish army garrison in morocco -led attack on left-leaning and democratically elected repub governemnt of spain

black star line

-created by garvey -carried passagenrs and freight between usa and the carribean and african islands

glass-stegall act

-created the federal deposit insurance corporation to guarantee bank deposits -separated commercial banks and investment banks, the former could take deposits and make loans, with government guarantees, and the latter could invest in the stock market, at their own risk

hoover on economics

-crime

as a result of the palmer raids,

-deportees left on the 'buford' liner to russia -congress expelled its one socialist member (victor berger) -10k+ people arrested

wheeler and walsh investigation

-discovered sinclair made a gift of $260k to fall & that doheney lent $100k to the secretary

f scott fitzgerald

-dropped out of princeton -"the side of paradise" -"the great gatsby"

great plains 1930

-drought

movement of whites to great plains in 1910

-encouraged by gov -rich soil -harsh weather

what did the nazis do one month after coming into office

-ended free speech in germany -arrested communist deputies in parliament to give themselves a solid majority there

hoover background

-engineer -helped feed europe during wwi -economist -called on people to engage in voluntary collective action (keep wages up) -cut taxes

roger babson

-eocnomist -said an economic crash was coming

effect of wwi on europe and usa

-europe: devastated -usa: fine

anti-japanese policies in usa

-excluded japanese immigrants

status of immigrants in the 1920s

-felt especially marginalized -clear that sophisticated urban ppl looked down on them and their ways and resented them

how did people get alcohol now

-filled basements with alcohol (possession was legal)

kdka

-first radio station in usa

history of blues

-first sung about hard lives in the south

other harding admin scandals

-forbes lost $200 mill in 2 years (cost gov't a fortune)

george earle

-governor of pa -as the world goes crazy, have america maintain liberty

"queen city of the delta"

-greenville, mississippi -agric. center

charles ponzi

-had an investment firm in boston -paid old investors with $ from new ones -> ponzi did not invest -> made ponzi famous

treatment of german, austria, czechoslovakia, poland, and other territory jews

-had to wear yellow stars -packed into tightly controlled urban ghettos -> transported to slave labor and death camps

albert johnson

-hated radical org. like iww and was convinced that most of its members were immigrants (wrong) -anti-japanese -memebr of asiatic exclusion league

bethune

-head of a girls schools -director of negro division of the national youth admin -close with eleanor

agricultural adjustment administration payments

-helped landlords but were not passed on to help tenant farmers or sharecroppers

why was al capone eventually arrested

-hoover demanded that the law be upheld -arrested for tax evasion

major differences between hoover and smith

-hoover: dry, protestant -smith: wet, catholic

why did prohibition unleash a crime wave

-illegal liquor was profitable -MANY were willing to disobey the law

mussolini in albania

-invaded

what kept usa from providing teh support for europe's jews

-isolationism -ignorance -old hatred of jews

effect of the great depression internationally

-japanese lost jobs -chile's mineral exports collapsed -> no jobs -german industry went bankrupt -industrial production in england collapsed -> hunger marches -no jobs in canada

"asia for asians"

-japanese power grew -> japanese wanted to dominant asia to replace england, france, and america as dominant powers

"the good earth" and henry luce

-kids of missionaries to china -helped build up sympathy for china

textile worker strike in 1919

-lawrence, ma -scene of bread and roses strike -short and successful strike to get 48-hour work week

benito mussolini

-leader of italian fascist party -> became prime minister -aka "il duce" -ruled italy with an iron fist for 20+ years -dream: restore italy's ancient glory by building prosperity and restablishing the ancient roman empire

leroy percy

-leading white citizen in greenville, mississippi -opposed the klan bc black ppl were needed for their economy

chaiang kai-shek

-led chinese gov't -> retreated and set up a new capital in the island city of chungking

americans who wanted to be involved internationally

-left leaning -volunteered to fight in spain on the side of the republican gov't -abraham lincoln brigade (volunteers) joined an ill-trained/equipped but courageous force that fought against fascists

coolidge in latin america

-maintained mil. force -enocurgaed involvement -removed troops from haiti and nicaragua

national recovery admin

-mandate to create a voluntary national network of businesses to maintain wages and prices -set minimum wages and prices, outlawed child labor, and guaranteed labor the right to organize

communism fever in usa

-mayor hanson proclaimed that he put down a bolshevik uprising in seattle -senate ordered an investigation of russian bolshevik influence in usa -attorney general palmer presented what he thought was evidence of communism influence in usa but wasn't

dem nomination in 1924

-mcadoo "dry" (supp. by southern/western wing) -smith "wet" -davis chosen

hoover

-most liberal member of cabinet -sec. of commerce for harding and coolidge -encouraged cooperation between businesses to stabilize industrial production and economy

civilan conservation corps

-most popular new deal agency -thousands of unemployed young men worked in rural camps planting forests, pruning trees, building parks, and shoring up the nation's wild lands, thus giving more jobs

post kristallanacht

-nazi gov't issued an "atonement fine" on jews to pay for the cost of kristallanacht -closed jew stores and confiscated jew property

adolph hitler and nazis

-nazi party grew from brown shirts to a formidable group leading to hitler's election as german chancellor -hitler promised that a greatly expanded german nation would provide living space for people of german nationality by pushing others, slavs and jews, out of the way to make room for the "master race"

radio corporation of america

-new company -stocks rose 8x

effect of bombs arriving in the mail of postmaster burleson, attorney palmer, senators, and others

-no injuries -never found out who sent bombs

black tuesday

-october 29, 1929 -worst day in stock exchange history -stocks fell

chicago race riot

-on edge in the summer of 1919 -5k public employees on strike -someone put up a sign in the black community that they would get them on july 4 -> blacks armed themselves fearing assault -white mob beat black boy to death bc he swam in a white beach -> blacks attacked cops (who didn't care about the dead boy) and white mob -after beach scene: whites attacked chicago's black community -> blacks fought back (23 blacks & 15 whites dead)

senator long

-opposed the new deal -wanted everyone to have money not just the rich -attacked big corporations -raised taxes on oil and gas -made la a dictatorship when he was governor -launched share our wealth society- gave 5k and a guaranteed income of 2,500 to each family and educational subsides for young and pensions for old- paid by the wealthy

maginot line

-ordered to be built by french -along border of france and germany

american legion

-org. of returning soldiers -promise to uphold americanism and attack radicals

marget sanger

-organized birth control conference internationally -founded american birth control league -open a birth control clinic

literacy test

-passed by congress for new immigrants

why do booms and bust occur in economies

-people allowed prices to rise far beyond value and then crash

marcus garvey

-poor blacks looked to him to foster pride and self-determination -estbalished universal engro improvement and conservation association and african communities league (unia) in jamaica

carrie catt

-presided over victory of women getting rights -active in women's peace party before wwi but left it when usa entered war

stimson doctrine

-proclaimed by hoover when japan attacked manchuria -usa would never recognize the new regie in manchukuo or any other arrangements imposed on china by force -unstated part: usa would not do anything much to enforce its policy

fair labor standard act

-prohibited child labor -set a hourly minimum wage -40 hour work week

charles stelzle

-prohibition leader -more understanding of neighborhood saloons --realized how saloons were used for cultural stuff (ex: italians go to drink wine)

henry goddard

-prominant american pscholohist and eugenicist -eatblished intelligence test on ellis island to sort immigrants to see which ethnicities are smarter

effect of wwi on farmers

-prosperous (prices went up)

american jewish congress

-protested loudly against both the nazi attacks and american immigration policy -urged boycotts of german goods and staged a mock trial of hitler

"main street" & "babbitt"

-published by lewis -looked at stifling conformity and hypocrisy of small towns

how did most americans find out about news

-radio -motion pic

charles coughlin

-radio priest -catholic auto workers were the core of his admin -sermon broadcasted over the radio- attacked hoover, got pol. -anti new deal

under the indian reorganization act, the gov't

-recognized the legal rights of inian tribes included the tight to hold reservation lands -tribes adopted constitutions and formed gov'ts

illegal speakesis

-replaced bars -catered to men and women

election of 1920

-repub: harding w/ coolidge -dem: cox w/ frank roosevelt -socialist: debs *HARDING WON*

"flappers"

-short hair -exposed more skin -embraced sexual freedom -drank/smoked -broke out of sexual standards

why were americans beginning to question the raids

-size and scope of them -lack of evidence -widespread conspiracy

coolidge on the eocnomy

-sound -cheap

steel workers strike in 1919

-striked after judge gary refused to meet with union reps

lewis meriam

-studied federal indian policy -conductd the first large scale examintation of the impact of the 1887 dawes act -"problem of indian admin.": indians had a bad gov't -called for moving the education of indian children to their home and tribal context

alien property custodian scandal

-supposed to manage german assets in usa

southern blacks who went north during the war

-take on war-time jobs -post war: didn't want to go back south

reasons for isolationsim in usa

-thought american soldiers died in ww1 for no reason -league of naitons failing -europeans fighting

1927 spring in rural america

-too rainy -floods -built levies

john thomas scopes

-used "a civic bio" in his class -violated a law against the teaching of evolution

other inventions

-vacuum -toaster -fridge -washing machine

who served in the black cabinet

-vann -hastie -ickes -weaver -etc

post-kristallanacht on americans

-wagner, rogers, and celler proposed legislation that would create an expanded quota for radical and religious refugees

for who were the 1920s not prosperous

-white farmers in the midwest and south -southern black sharecroppers -natives on isolated reservations

"bank holidays"

-winter 1932-33 -banking system collapsed as banks that had invested in stocks or offered mortgage loans that were now worthless -announed holidays to stop further failures

19th amend

-women rights -just in time for election of 1920

anthony, willard, and stanon

-women's suffrage leaders -died before women got rights

richard wright

-wrote "native son" and "black boy" to describe the lives of many migrants

asa gray

-wrote a high school botany book -showed the life as part of one system

john dos passos, ernest hemingway, and ee cummings

-wrote novels about the meaningless of ww1

"the jazz age"

1920s

the economy began to recover in ___ but the ___ economy didn't

1922 and 1923 farm

kellogg-brand pact

1928 international treaty that denounced aggression war but lacked provisions for enforcement

most desperate economic moment in american history

1932

"second new deal"

1935 involved greater attention to long-term financial security for more americans

great migration especially occurred during the

40s and 50s

babe ruth

60 home runs

<<<<<

>>>>>

for some, winning freedom for sacco and vanzetti could be,

a blow struck for the cause of anarchism, rights of immigrants, or fair trial

before 1900, most protestants assumed that the bible was

a fairly accurate historical record

labor unions an some blacks feared that

a never ending stream of new immigrants could depress wages or take jobs

indian new deal

a series of policy changes, including the indian reorganization act of 1934 that transformed gov't indian policy and strengthened indian tribal gov't of their reservations

wilson's feeling on prohibition

against

democrats nominated in 28

al smith

what states did coolidge get

all except wisconsin and south

roosevelt used the emergency abnkin act to

allow those banks deemed safe to open and permanently liquidated the weakest

farmers enjoyed new

amenities (ex: running war)

the american first committee did not want any part of a war that

america could avoid

even though americans wanted to stay neutral, ___ continued to be shipped to japan which strengthened the country's military

american scrap iron and oil

japanese militarism had a strong anti___ strain

americian

black cabinet

an informal network of high-level black officials and advisors to the roosevelt admin. who worked together to influence gov't policy

the 1928 election was

angrier

19th amend. is aka

anthony amend.

1924 restrictions contributed to ___ in japan. why

anti-american feelings banned japanese immigration

coast guard cutter was ordered to intercept

any st louis passenger who tried to go ashore

roosevelt's proposal to congress

appoint one more supreme court justice who was 70+

what did harding do 3 months into office

appointed taft to the position he always wanted as chief justice of the supreme court

how did garvey end up

arrested for fraud and convicted later deported to jamaica where he continued to build unia

claire fiance

arrested when a detective stopped her to ask about a suspicious looking package she was carrying -> she was carrying alcohol (illegal to transport alcohol)

at the urging of eleanor, hopkins included jobs for ___ in wpa

artists

buying on margain

as people saw the chance to make money from stocks, they borrowed money to buy them

when did the economy rebound

as usa was preparing for ww2

huey long was ___ in sep. 1935

assassinated

kkk on interracial couples

attack

____ industries and ___ construction boomed in the 1920s

auto-related highway

anti-saloon league sough to

banish alcohol by law in the 1910s

glass-stegall act regulated

banks

roosevelt worked to reopen

banks

volstead act

banned hard liquor, wine, beer, and anything over 0.5% alcohol -$1k fine -enforced by us treasury

isolationism

belief that usa should keep clear of nearly all involvement with the rest of the world, stay neutral and out of any foreign wars

dem. party divide

between a southern and western wing that was primarily white, protestant, rural, and supportive of prohibition and northern wing, that though also very white, included many catholics and jews, and was highly urban and strongly anti-prohibition

smith liked ___ business

big

in the 1920s, a ____ dollars of loans were provided to cover stock purchases

billion

there was conflict between urban blacks and ___ bc

black newcomers form the south they each found the other socially and economically threatening

"red summer" of 1919

black worthier johnson looked at the racial violence and the fear of communists that were roiling in the country and called it the red summer

after the war, catt did little to support suffrage for

blacks

were more blacks or whites unemployed during the depression

blacks

unlike most race riots in other cities, the one in chicago had

blacks fighting back

who attacked the black star line

blacks na whites

klan launched boycotts of stores owned by

blacks, catholics, jews

farms in the great plains

blew away due to dust storms

did women become more active as dems or repubs

both

1938 conference in munich, germany

british prime minister neville chamberlain agreed to allow hitler's claim to sudentland in exchange for a promise of peace -british parliament criticized chamberlian

what did wpa workers do

build roads, theaters, etc

tennesse valley authority

built dams on the tennessee river that would control floods, bring electricity to rural areas that were without it, and provide jobs

coolidge and hoover admin. encouraged___ russian reaction

business investment liked it-got more cars

roosevelt attacked

business leaders but did not actually do very much to hurt them

hoover saw ___ not gov't intervention as a key to accomplishing success

business success

"okies"

ca name for people who came from the dust bowl -poor intruders in a state whose economy was declining

most people who left the dust bowl moved to____ and became

california migrant farm workers

how did textbooks respond

called darwin "a leading biologist" instead of the best tone

what caused more ppl to move to the suburbs

can get to work in the city by train, car, trolley etc.

how did americans travel

car

in setting the quota for # of immigrants, johnson decided to refer to the

census taken in 1890 to limit the amount of immigrants allowed to usa

cities a lot of blacks went to

chicago ny detroit la philly syracuse etc.

american public opinion was solidly on the side of

china

lewis was the founder of

cio

spain was engulfed in a

civil war

chinang's kuomintang party were locked in a

civil war with the chinese communist party led by mao zedong

mellon ensured that there was a

close and comfy relationship between gov't and business

"lost generation"

coined by stein of people who lived abroad

roosevelt appointed ___ as commissioner of indian affairs

collier

lewis, hillman, and dubinsky created a

commitee for industrial organization within a f l

public work admin

committed to large-scale construction projects across the coutnry

___ and ___ sent aid to help the republicans

communist gov't of russia western gov't

____ had seized russia as a result of wwi

communists

roosevelt did not worry about

communists and socialsits

new deal also inspired a new

conservative movement and philosophy as opponents of the new deal

fdr's greatest frustration

conservative us supreme court kept undermining their efforts

workers on assembly lines complained abotu

constant speed ups on teh assembly line

why couldn't ppl challenge the social security program

constituition gave the right to tax

following black tueday, stocks

continued to fall

how was al capone safe from arrest

controlled cops in chicago

harding's normalcy

conveyed how harding thought that the country wanted a new kind of "normal" free from war, international entanglements, and reform efforts

was coolidge or hoover more liberal

coolidge

who won in 1924

coolidge

___ vetoed the mcnary-haugen bills. why

coolidge unsound gov't intervention in free markets

during the war, the world needed more ___ than ever

cotton

roosevelt's rhetoric stole the thunder from

coughlin's and long's

when mussolini invaded ethiopia, the british what did the league of nations do

could have cut off the italian troops by closing the canal since they controlled the suez canal nothing

the wagner act did not

create unions

radio act

created a plan to license radio stations and regulate wavelengths at which they broadcast

works progress admin

created to insituionalize and expand new deal -led by hopkins

roosevelt was ready to address the ____ which gave people

crisis optimism

many recent immigrants experienced prohibition as an attack on their

cultures

what farms did prosper post war

dairy and veggie (city ppl discovered vitamins in veggies)

palmer also ordered to find

dangerous radicals and appointed hoover to lead it

high school bio classes were influenced by

darwin's "origin of species"

highpoint of market

day after labor day 1929

roosevelt's bill was

defeated

most people thought that a ___ would win the election of 1932 bc

democrat the crisis occurred under republican presidents

upoton sinclair would get the ___ nomination for ca gov in 1934 based on a pledge to

democratic end poverty in ca (EPIC)

roosevelt's commitment helped keep

democratic insitutions alive

blacks were shifting towards the ___ bc

democratic party they liked roosevelt's new deal policies and his wife's support for blacks

ponzi was eventually ___ from usa

deported

hitler's title

der fuhrer, the leader

"origin of species"

described all changes in plant and animal life- including emergence of humans as natural selection

smoot-hawley tariff

designed to protect american industries by raising the cost of imported goods, but resulted in a trade war as other nations also raised their tariffs in return, leading to a huge decrease in international trade with bad results

to many in congress, the court-packing bill was a step towards

dictatorship

like the 18th amend, the volstead act

did not ban the possession of alcohol, only its manufacture, transport, and sale -whiskey can be used for medical reasons -sacramental wine in church

harding ___ in august 1923

died

hughes also ended us occupation of the

dominican republic

senator thomas schall

don't care about europe

anti-saloon league supported ___ candidates

dry (supporting temperance)

elanor roosevelt was the ___ and ___ of the admin.

ears and eyes

japan saw its ____ in expansion

economic salvation

what happened in the late 1920s economically in germany

economy collapsed under the load of debt payments and inflation (banks closed)

most scientists ___ dawin's work

embraced

the dole

emergency relief

black music reflected the

emotions of blacks who moved to the north

when did the stock market surge

end of 1928 after hoover's election

eugenics movement began in

england by galton

klan provided ___ in small towns

entertainment

flappers were determined to have ___ as men do

equal freedom

by 1920, many blacks began to move to

escape rural poverty and segregation in rural south to new opps. in southern and northern cities

the national industry recovery act

established the public works admin and national recovery admin.

many states outlaws the teaching of

evolution

eugenic movement used ideas from ___ to

evolutionary bio, derived loosely from darwin, to prove that some ethnic groups were more highly evolved than otehrs

religion was also

evolving

national labor relations act of 1935 (wagner act)

expanded the rights of union members, outlawed unfair labor practices, and gave workers the right to join a union w/o getting fired, rights to collective barganing, right to strike

cattle farmers and agr. farmers were ___ during wwi

expanding their land

new deal consisted of a series of

experiments designed to stem the worst of the depression and bring a new course to get america back to normal

japan in 1930s

faced same worldwide depression conditions as other industrial countries -couldn't provide enough food for peopel, lacked natural resources

interest in eugenics __ in 1930s

faded

most bountiful wheat harvest

fall 1931

____ had a hold in italy

fascism

roosevelt began to believe that usa would eventually have to fight

fascism in europe

____ had won and spain joined italy and germany forming a

fascists fascict bloc

____ were consolidating their power in central europe

fascits

in 100 days, the usa had a quite different ___ than it had ever seen before

federal gov't

the largest criminal enterprise of the 1920s was conducted within the

federal gov't

roosevelt turned his attention back to

fighting depression

how did roosevelt connect with americans

fireside chats and press conferences

did roosevelt accomplish more in his first or second term

first

first 100 days

first 100 days of roosevelt admin., beginning with his inauguration on march 4, 1933, in which the democratic congress passed several important pieces of legislation and designed to put americans back to work and undercut the effect of the great depression

ederle

first woman to swim english channel

result of the washington conference

five powers treaty

charles lindbergh

flew solo across the atlantic in his plane "spirit of st louis"

between 1929 and 1932, farms were

foreclosed on

after wwi, many people wanted to

forget about all their troubles

democratic nomination in 1932

frank roosevelt

aclu (american civil liberties union) saw those laws as an assault on

free speech

for people who gathered over a drink, prohibition was an attack on

freedom and acceptance they had come to america to find

movies offered

fun, escape, entertainment -brought larger world into community

economy act

gave the president broad powers to cut gov't spending

hitler announced that the indep. country of austria was to be known as the

german province of ostmark, and german troops marched in

st louis ship

german ship that arrived in havana with jewish refugees -> captain then sailed to usa to try to allow refugees there -> returned to europe

____ governed germany

german weimar republic

the 1920s were a terrible decade for

germany

___ and ___ sent planes and troops to aid franco

germany italy

american workers who wanted a part in postwar prosperity tried to

get back money they had lost from stagnant wages in an era of war time inflation

home owners loan corporation was designed to

give loans to blacks and whites but officials of the federal housing authority decided not to give them to blacks

battle of running bulls

gm turned the heat off in freezing weather -> cops blocked delivery of food -> strikers broke through a police lock to get supporters outside -> company called glint cops -> strikes through objects at cops -union vicotry over general motors

hoover seemed like a ___ president to have during the market crash

good

mellon cut

gov't spending, tax, and retired 1/2 of the wwi debt

mellon was the best secretary of treasury until teh

great depression

tensions ____ in usa after the war

grew

violence is asia was

growing

fall was found ___ of

guilty accepting a bribe

opponents of immigrants and of political radicals assumed that sacco and vanzetti were __

guilty bc they were immigrants and anarchists

hitler claimed that under the treaty of versailles, the sudeon region of czechoslovakia

had a right to self-determinaiton and should be incorporated into germany -> annexed it

unlike the league of nations, the pact

had no enforcement mechanism

associated farmers of ca

had resources and power far beyond anything available to the ca farmers

working in fields was ___ work

hard

1920 republican nominee for president

harding

most corrupt admin. in history

harding

culture shock dust bowl refugees went from

having own land and farm -> living under bridges being an employee on a farm

how did frank roosevelt break precedent

he flew to the democratic national convention in chicago to accept his nomination

major issue of smith's campaign

he was catholic

henry wallace

heartsick at the destruction of food in a nation with many hungry people

movies created an age of new

heroes -ex: babe ruth, dempsey

brian trust believed that raising farm prices by ending the surplus of agriculture, and therefore raising the income and spending powers of farmers, was the

highest national priority

"mein kampf"

hiltler's basics of anti-semitic and anti-slavic efforts to achieve a "pure" race and eliminate any "unfit" people

president during stock market crash

hoover

the 1928 election that elected ___ was very different from the previous

hoover 2

when did the changes of the new deal begin

hoover admin

by 1923, three women were serving in the

house of reps

sacco and vanzetti case symbolized

how much a nation made up of immigrants has turned against immigrants

who was secretary of state under harding

hughes

"the switch in time that saved nine"

hughes and roberts changed their minds on minimum wage laws and wagner labor relations act -> found constituional

what made germany currency basically worthles

hyperinflation

writers of the 1920s spoke to a generation and class disillusioned with

idealism and business/money that characterize much of the 1920s

unions were divided by

ideological differences and splits between newly arrived refugees and those who had been working for years

prohibition enforcement division scandal

ignored violations in nyc hotels as long as you left money in the fishbowl

the kkk was an opponent of

immigration black rights anything that undermined native white protestants

why did the american legion lynch an www organizer

in washington, an www group killed 4 parading legion members

change to "mcguffey's readers"

included stories of how alcohol created desolation

under evans leadership, the kkk ___ in size

increased

what ended the depresion for dust bowl refugees

industrial jobs created by ww2

what caused most strikes

inflation and stagnant wages not internal intrigue

perkins

insisted that the president back pensions for the old and unemployment insurance -got popular from townsend movement

sit down strike

instead of walking off the job, cio inspired workers simply stopped working (much more comfy)

in 1920s and 1930s americans wanted nothing to do with

international affairs

what is may day

international socialist holiday in honor of haymarket events

people were tired of wilson's

internationalism

du pont brothers

invited a bunch of businss and poltical leaders to discuss the dangers to investors in the new deal -didn't like roosevelt

usa was an ___ after wwi

isolationist

in europe some of the earliest signs of the postwar ill will appeared in

italy

why were americans scared of stopping their shipments to japan

japan may attack the dutch colonies in asia that were the only other potential source of oil for japan

manchukuo

japan renamed the expanded territory in manchuria as this

in 1922, the us navy was nervous about the growth of ___ navy and wanted

japan's some of the reserve oil pumped and transferred to pearl harbor

1924 immigration restriction

johnson's quotta

coolidge appointed __ as sec. of state

kellogg

usa economy between the election in november and inauguration in march

kept on getting worse -more unemployed, evicted farmers -banks failed

as prohibition came into force, the ____ was revived

kkk

progressive candiate in 1924

la follete

a run on a bank

large number of withdrawls all at once -> bank out of business

if warren would have won, she would've ben the first

latin women in congress

adelina otero warren

latin women who won repub nomination for congress but lost the final election

american liberty league

launched in 1934, the group was one of the largest an most well funded of several organizations opposed to the new deal, which it considered socialistic

in the face of nazi attacks, jews tried to

leave europe

volstead act

legalized beer

social security act

legislation that established a system off federal old-age pension in effect to the present day

emergency relief and construction act

lent money to states for relief and public projects

wilson asked congress to extend the _____ and for a

level fuel act peace-time sedition law to continue some of the wartime restrictions on civil liberties

republicans nomianted

liberal landon

simalrity between townsend's idea and epic

liked by voters who didn't like new deal

what caused tightly packed homes in the north

living conditions in increasingly segregated and rapidly growing urban neighberhoods

congress added a proviso that prohibited ____ to any nation at war

loans/credit

what made enforcing the volstead act hard

loophole of being allowed to make alcohol

in 1931, wheat farmers experienced

losing money on wheat

those of african and asian decent tended to score ___ on iq test

lowest

teapot dome

major scandal of the harding presidency in which us navy oil reserves, including those at teapot dome, were used to enrich the secretary and his friends

anti-saloon league was dominated by males or females

males

despite the prosperity many experienced during the jazz age,

many on farms lived poor lives

for who were the 1920s a time of great prosperity

many white middle-class Americans

most prominent member of the black cabinet

mary mcleod bethune

great migration

mass movement of blacks from rural south to urban north spurred especially by new job opps that began during wwi and 1920s

dempsey and tunney

matches generated over $1 mill

harding appointed ___ as secretary of treasury

mellon

in which part of usa was isolationism strongest

midwest

klan was mostly strong in the

midwest and south

___ in japan were growing in power

militarists

omaha, nebraksa

mob attacked jail where a black prisoner was being held, beat up the mayor who tried to stop them, and then lynched prisoner william brown -> us troops brought order

1920s was the first decade in which

more americans lived in cities/towns than farms

the wpa's role was to

move people from emergency relief to temporary, gov't supported jobs and to make the gov't the employer of last resort

from the bad conditions in the mississippi delta, people

moved

nazi party is aka

national socialist

congress extended the same rights to

native alaskans

temperance was a larger effort by

native-born white protestants, especially those living on farms and small towns, to retake control of national culture that they saw was under the sway of immigrants

what limited the amount of money a departing jew could take when leaving europe

nazi laws

for lindbergh, coughlin, and other americans ___ was appealing

nazism

jus before dawes took office as coolidge's vp, he

negotiated the dawes plan to help ameliorate the german financial crisis brought on by the huge reparations payments to england and france

harlem renaissance

new black cultural awareness that flourished in literature, art, and music in the 1920s

what increased consumer debt while making new inventions available to more people

new forms of financing

congress of industrial organizations (cio)

new labor union that sought to organize industrial workers by industry, such as all automobile workers

the idea of returning to usa for blacks who fought in the war generated

new tensions and determinations

did all americans want to be isolated

no

did coolidge have any connection to harding scandals

no

did roosevelt want to nationalize banks

no

did the economy act stimulate the economy

no

did the new deal end depression

no

was leaving europe for jews easy

no

was the seattle strike the only strike in 1919

no

were many strikes successful in ca

no

were there limits on other ships than the navy

no

where hoover and al smith very different

no

will there be a formal war between japan and china

no

was the stock market crash they only economic problem in 1929? what was going on

no banking, manufacturing, farming, int. trade were fragile

did wheat farmers face difficulties bc of the depression? why

no they could always plow more land and plant more wheat

harding coined

normalcy

harding promised to return usa to

normalcy

salaries were higher in the ___ and so was

north rent

1924 immigration restriction had no impact on immigration from

north and south america and irish

how did brokers lose money

not able to sell plummeting stock in time

was the north welcoming of southerners

not always

were the literacy tests effective in limiting immigration

not really-most immigrants were literate

what did france, america, and england do to stop fascists

nothing

the gov'ts of england, france, and america did ____ in the face of worldwide violence and aggression and the league of nations

nothing proved to be a meaningless barrier to aggresion

when did wwi end

novemeber 11, 1918

the five powers treaty slowed the production

of navy ships

the navy got the ___ it needed and ____ and ___ made a lot of $

oil sinclair/doheny

residents in ca feared the

okies

anger at the economic and political failure in germany fueled

old hatreds and brought a new political party to power in germany

plantation owners on education

only rudimentary education so they would stay in the south

to southerns in teh seante, the bill would

open up the way to civil rights legislation

national association of manufactures ___ new deal

opposed

peace pledge union

opposed any british military planning

addams and rankin ___ wwi

oppossed

protestants had traditionally been

optimistic

1924 immigration restrictions created deep tensions between usa and

other countries (mostly china and japan)

england opposed further expansion of the jewish population of

palestine (governed by england)

what are stocks

partial ownership in a company

in congress, isolationism and peace sentiment led to

passage of a number of neurtality laws designed to keep usa out of war

as the us congress was passing the social security and wagner act, the nazi parliament

passed tehnuremberg decrees which took away the citizenship of german jews, excluded jews from most professions and the military, and made the marriage of a jew and non-jew illegal

anti saloon league made support for prohibition a test of

patriotism

germany's debts

pay for ww1

the roosevelts' optimism gave

people hope

criminals during prohibition

performed more crime

wctu sough to

persuade people to give up alcohol

using the lever fuel act, attorney general palmer

persuaded a federal judge to issue an injunction about a coal strike

many asians resented american control of the ____, british involvement in ___, ____, and french control of

phillipine islands china burma, dutch control of the il rich east indies indochina

american birth control league became

planned parenthood

people expected the peace of wwi to usher in a time of

pleasure and plenty

gov't offered payments for a promise not to

plow wheat for the following year

the brain trust guided much of roosevelt's

policy

strikes were signs of

political chaos

the ccc and other agencies put

pope to work who needed jobs

iq and eugenics enforced ___ in 1920s

popular opinon

result of great migration

population shift cultural flowering

in 1910, most northern blacks were

preachers, teachers, servants, cooks, janitors etc.

what happened after hitler invaded the rest of czechoslovakia

prime minister chamberlin, who had agreed to an earlier compromise, announced that england was committed to the defense of poland and that if hitler attacked that country, his forces would be met with armed resistance

lever fuel act

prohibited obstruction of coal distribution during the war

18th amend

prohibited the manufacture, transport, and sale of liquor

the kkk defended

prohibition

by 1929, after all the killing, americans were wondering if

prohibition was a good thing

rankin

proposed 19th amendement aka

dr franics townsend

proposed a federal pension of $200/month for any person 60+ to retire -idea got a lot of attention and support

cable act

protected citizenship rights of american women who married noncitzens

bonus army

protest movement of wwi veterans in 1932 demanding early payment of service bonuses not due until 1945 to help them through the great depression and to provide a stimulus for the economy

some people concluded that drinking and ____ were incompatible

protestant christianity

federal emergency relief act

provided direct gov't grants to those without income

sheppard-towner act

provided federal funds for prenatal and infant care

reconstruction finance corporation

provided funds to keep banks and rr from bankruptcy

the kkk wanted every kid to go to

public school

most effective anti-klan tactic

publicize lists of members in secret organization

alain locke

published "the new negro" in aspiration of defining the harlem renaissance

hiram wesley evans

pushed simmons aside and tuned the klan into a very successful hate organization aimed at blacks, immigrants, catholics, jews, and anyone who challenged prohibition

the money change effect

put more money into circulation since the supply of dollars was no longer limited by the amount of gold in gov't or bank vaults

eugenics ___ became popular in sua

quickly

ccc tried to build projects to

reclaim land

william joseph simmons

recreated the kkk

gravy's message

rejected integration with white america and focused on self-help, self-determination, and african nationalism

when roosevelt wanted us entry to the world court, the senate

rejected the plan bc americans wanted to be isolated

what did hitler do as the german gov't was attacking its jewish citizens

renounced the clause in the treaty of versailles calling for german disrmament and began to build a new army

coolidge took on the presidency and was nominated full term in 1924 by the

repub. party

pol. party of presidents of the us during the 1920s

repubs

who nominated hoover in 28

repubs

1935 law

required an embargo of arms to all belligernts in any way while declaring that any american who traveled on a belligerent ship did so at his/her risk

pellagra

result of poor diet -affected many ppl in mississippi delta bc in the aftermath of the flood, there was a lot of disease

charles lindbergh became an avid opponent of any

revision of teh neutrality laws or any support for jewsih refugees -speaker at america first committee to keep usa out of war in europe -opponent of new deal -> called it jew deal

as roosevelt prepared for reelection battle in 1936, he toughened his

rhetoric

collier was determined to

right some of the wrongs that had been done and convinced congress to pass the wheeler-howard act

germany and italy formalized their alliance with the

rome-berlin axis treaty

who coined "new deal"

roosevelt

who won in 1936

roosevelt

on the day with most banks closed and most economic activity at a standstill,

roosevelt was inaugurated as president

____ defeated ___ in 1932

roosevelt with garner defeated hoover

during the 1920s, stock prices geenrally

rose with modest downturns

americans wondered wether there may be links between america's homegrown radicals and

russia

eugenics gave a ___ to limit immigration of ethnic groups form south and eastern europe and asia

scientific patina

largest city wide strike in us history

seattle general strike

to meet the navy's needs, fall

secretly leased the reserves to oil companies owned by sinclair and doheny

civilan conservation corps had rigidly ___ camps

segregated

palmer raids

series of raids by us gov't agents in 1919 and 1920 to find, arrest, and sometimes deport people considered to be dangerous radicals

mcnary-haugen bills

set a minimum price for farm products -> fed. gov would buy products if they fell to that level -> gov't stored products until prices rose

in 1937, japan captured

shanghai (largest city in china) and the chinese capital of nanking (rape of nanking- many chinese killed)

hoovervilles

shantytowns, sarcastically named after hoover, in which unemployed and homeless people live din makeshift shacks, tents, and boxes. hoovervilles cropped up in many cities in 1930-31

when a company makes a profit, dividends are paid to

shareholders

why was there no stability in the german gov't

shifting gov't coalations

how did hitler stun the world

signed a nonagreession back with stalin, dictator of soviet union, to partition of poland -germany and soviet union had very different eocnomic systems and idelolgies

in the summer of 1929, stocks

skyrocketed

stock market response to hoover's victory

skyrocketed

roosevelt worried that the new deal was not ___ enough

socialistic

american response to communist gov't in russia

some celebrated and others got scared

agricultural adjustment act

sought to shore up farm prices with a not-always-popular program to plow unfer 10.5 million acres of cotton and slaughter 6 million piglets

where did 90% of blacks live in 1820-1920

south

congress expanded the arms embargo to

spain

fireside chats

speeches broadcast nationally over the radio in which president roosevelt explained complex issues and programs in plain language

communism seemed to be

spreading

roosevelt insited that the ___ gov't play the lead role in unemployment insurance

states

cotton planters did everything to ____ northern migration

stop

for poor blacks, garveys message

struck a chord

what got roosevelt ;oytalty among labor unions

support for wagner act

first birth control pill

supported by planned parethood

as more banks failed, people began to

take their money out of banks

___ changes reshaped the way americans thought about culture and morality

tech.

congress defeated a plan to expand the

tennessee valley authority to other regions of the country and a reorganization plan for the executive branch of the gov't that fdr wanted

new deal

term for the programs and legislation developed during frank roosevelt's admin. aimed at ending the great depression

social security and federal regulatory agencies play a continuing role in

the economy and lives of peopel

after fdr took the country off of the gold standard, currency was backed by

the government's promise to pay

iq test measured

the kind of culturally specific knowledge that children of native born protestant and northern european families learned at home

glass steagall act and federal deposit insurance company stabalized

the nation's banking system

finance's arrest was a symbol of

the shift in many american's attitude toward alcohol and toward the role of women in american society

galton concluded that

the social elite were significantly higher on the evolutionary scale than workers

after wwi, some whites sought to reclaim

their old jobs

the second round of palmer raids destroyed the

tiny us communist party and caught many others

result of fall 1931 harvest

too much wheat to be eaten

1937 neutrality act

toughened the prohibition on selling arms to any side and made it illegal for americans to travel on a belligerent ship -declared that nonmilitary material (food, clothing) could be sold to a nation at war on a "cash and carry" basis, insiting that there be no loans to belligerents and that all goods brought in usa had to be taken out of the country in non-us ships

roosevelt worried about

townsend coughlin long

roosevelt's legislation undermined

townsend's organization

nazis outlawed

trade unions and other political parties

salons helped ethnic groups maintain

tradition

cultural lists worried that

traditional anglo-american culture was being diluted

____ created significant lingering pain and anger

treaty of versailles

who was given the right to decide on tribal membership

tribes not the gov't

japan used an explosion at a japanese owned railway in china as an excuse to send

troops into china and installed a puppet gov't in the chinese province of manchuria

the court declared nra and aaa

unconstituional as well as state minimum wage las

the court stopped decalring new deal legilsation

unconstituitional

communists were ___ with roosevelt

unhappy

share our wealth clubs became the

union party after long died

mexican american and filipino farm workers created their own

unions

"panay"

us gunboat sunk by japanese pilots -> usa not angry enough to challenge them

for many americans, the chaos of 1919 proved that there was a link between

us labor unions, socialists and the bolshevik communist regime in russia

anti-seminism was also strong in

usa

lewis m german, edawrd thornfike

use iq test to determine mental age of child for education

the great depression hit blacks ___ hard. why

very many moved to northern cities and were still on the bottom of the economic ladder and were often the first to lose jobs

the influenza epidemic contributed to the sense that something was

very wrong in the postwar world

st valentine's day massacre was the most ___ during prohibition

violent incident

in the first 100 days, the ___ act was amended

volstead

roosevelt and england on jewish immigration

wanted to led more in

england and france now declared

war

english wanted to avoid

war

kellogg-brand pact outlawed

war

wilbur carr

warned that poland's jew ghettos were about to empty into usa after wwi

knowing there was no chance of us participation in the league of nations, hughes called the ____ to try to

washington conference end competition among usa, england, and japan to build up navies

saloons were often where

weddings, christening parties, dances, etc. took place

hitler was ____ as he rode through vienna

welcomed by many

just as the nation's demand for coal for winter heat was beginning, coal workers

went on strike

with the growth of high schools, many americans started to worry about

what was being taught in theme-especially bio

what farms did not prosper post war

wheat, corn, cotton

when do shares lose value

when a company does poorly or lots of people start to worry that it will do poorly

when did immigrant opponents get huge success

when congress cut off immigration from eastern europe, asia, and africa

effect on buyers on margian

when the stock fell to the amount the buyer actually invested, the broker would notify the buyer that he/she would have to pay off the loan or the stock would be taken over by the broker and sold to recoup the loan

usa ended the traditional ___ rations for troops

whiskey

longview, tx race riot

white mob beat up a black school teacher

share our wealth clubs nominated

william lemke

wkkk

women of the kkk

primary voice of temperance reform in protestant america in the 1880s

women's christian temperance union

in order to maintain income, farmes

worked harder

as work expanded, factories in the north needed more

workers

what kind of crisis was the great depression

worldwide

banks that had given loans to buy stocks now held

worthless paper since loans could never be repaid and owned worthless farm land or were blocked from foreclosure by angry farmers

black sunday

wost day in great plains bc farms blew away

many economists thought babson was

wrong

____ had begun

ww2

___ created new opps. for blacks

wwi

did americans go to the movies

yes

did the liquor trade continue after capone's arrest

yes

did the native americans feel the change of the new deal

yes

were there a lot of sit down strikes in the winter of 1936-37

yes ex: flint, atl, kansas city

were japanese advances welcomed in asia?

yes except for

did the volstead act stimulate the economy before it was amended

yes- brought millions to the treasury


Ensembles d'études connexes

Chapter 9 terms psychology **, Chapter 11 key terms **, Chapter 12 terms psychology *, Chapter 13 key terms psychology*, Chapter 14 terms psyc, Chapter 15 terms **

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Chapter 14: Basic Elements of Individual Behavior in Organizations

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3- Unit 8 Trading Securities Practice

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