HISTORY EXAM 1
What did the first English arrivals seek to secure on their arrival in Plymouth?
A community of religious purity
Which of the following contributed to an environment that allowed slavery to take root in the English colonies?
A weak colonial government.
French traders and Huron and Algonquian hunters
Created a network that made each group dependent on the other.
The House of Burgesses was the first
Elected representative government in the New World.
John Cabot was born in
Genoa.
A major result of the Beaver Wars was that
Indians were never able to replace population loss resulting from warfare.
Columbus was born into a world
Influenced by European investors seeking low-risk investments.
Economically, it made more sense to contract for indentured servants than to purchase slaves because
Life expectancy rates for both were low.
The success of the Plymouth colony demonstrated that
New England could be inhabited by Europeans and that effective diplomatic relations with Indians were crucial.
Anthony Johnson, an African who arrived in Virginia in 1621,
Owned slaves.
What group dominated the government and economy of the Netherlands after 1648?
Prosperous merchants
In the mercantile system, colonies were useful to European countries because they
Provided raw materials and markets for manufactured goods.
Squanto, a Patuxet Indian,
Taught Pilgrims how to grow corn.
Queen Elizabeth I was
Unwilling to risk her treasure on North American adventures.
England's first activity in the New World was to
steal wealth from spain
The first English colony at Roanoke was
Abandoned by the British because it served no useful economic or military purpose
One of the primary benefits to England of the New England colonies was
Access to timber for ship construction.
New England towns were usually governed by
Adult male property owners at a town meeting.
The Huron and Algonquian were
Allies with one another and the French.
What was a notable characteristic of Jamestown during its first decade?
An appallingly high mortality rate.
0.001 out of 0.001 points Under the theory of mercantilism, one nation's gain was
Another nation's loss.
Under the theory of mercantilism, one nation's gain was
Another nation's loss.
Infant mortality in the Chesapeake region during the first century of English colonization was
Approximately one half of all children born.
How did Puritans understand religious dissent?
As a replay of original sin
Which of the following about English immigrants to Virginia in the seventeenth century is true?
As many as 90 percent of the migrants to the Chesapeake during that time period came as servants
0.001 out of 0.001 points The survival of the Plymouth colony was made possible by
Assistance from friendly Indians.
To increase the number of workers in Virginia, company officials
Awarded 50 acres of land to those who came or brought another person to Virginia.
The Massachusetts Bay Company, founded in 1629, was
Based on the model of the Virginia Company.
The Indians who lived in the New Netherlands used ____________ as a medium of exchange.
Beads made from clamshells.
The English experiences in Ireland
Became a model of how the English would treat many Native Americans.
The Swiss Protestant Reformer John Calvin
Believed God ordained who would be saved even before they were born
Portugal, Spain, France, and England
Believed that they conquered for God and country.
Among other things, the Mississippian people were known for
Building mounds, some for ceremonial purposes and some as burial sites.
Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest Americans arrived on the continent
By 12,000 BCE.
Why did most Anasazi return to hunting and gathering practices at times?
Changing climates and nomadic enemies forced them to resort to alternative forms of sustenance.
Which of the following statements about Tenochtitlan is not correct?
Compared to Paris or Venice, Tenochtitlan was a small, rural village.
A dramatic change in Indian culture produced by the arrival of Spain was the
Conversion of the Plains Indians to a horse culture.
Anne Hutchinson was forced out of Massachusetts for
Criticism of its clergy and the Puritan doctrine of "preparation."
The Dutch West India Company decided that the main purpose of its New Netherland colony was
Cultivating tobacco.
The Five Nations or Great League of Peace
Curtailed the mourning wars among Iroquois in upper New York.
Despite the economic boom for Virginia and Maryland produced by tobacco exports,
Death rates remained high for infants and adults.
While the Spanish were occupied expelling Muslims, Portugal was
Developing ship technology that enabled her sailors to explore the coast of Africa.
The Dutch Reformed Church
Did not oppose slavery.
Columbus's attitude toward the Taino or Arawak people and other native people in general was
Each statement is accurate.
Why were European diseases such as smallpox, typhus, and influenza so devastating to Native populations?
Each statement is correct.
The experience of Don Luis de Velasco, or Paquiquineo, illustrates the
Ease with which European and Indian cultures could interact.
Puritans wanted to
Eliminate aspects of Roman Catholicism from the Church of England.
The enslavement of Africans
Evolved over time.
French crews traded for beaver pelts used in France to make
Felt hats.
The Third Anglo-Powhatan War resulted in the
First Indian reservation in America.
What first attracted French interest in North America?
Fishing in waters near Newfoundland.
For the natives, the encomienda resulted in
Forced labor.
The Hakluyt cousins argued that developing North American colonies would enable England to
Free itself of economic dependency on other nations.
During 40 years under Dutch control, the most profitable product of the New Netherlands was
Fur.
Those known as Separatists
Gave up on reforming the Church of England.
The Columbian Exchange refers to the process by which
Goods, germs, and ideas travel from the Old World to the New World and the New World to the Old World.
Puritan families valued
Harmony and order in the home.
How did the Spanish King Phillip II react to explorations by France and England?
He established a string of forts.
What about don Luis's behavior shocked and scandalized the Spanish Jesuits in1570?
He took several wives.
When a member of an Iroquois clan was lost in battle,
His tribesmen killed or seized a warrior of the offending clan.
What influenced European countries other than Portugal and Spain to become active in the New World?
Hope for wealth, glory, and power.
In New England, virtually all vocational instruction took place
In the home.
Native populations declined because of all of the following reasons except
Increased life spans.
English men and women from the lowest ranks of society who agreed to work in exchange for passage money to the colonies were known as
Indentured servants.
Iroquoian political decisions were
Influenced by women because their work in agriculture was highly valued.
To address the colony's labor problem, Virginia governor John Rolfe
Introduced the first public works projects in American history.
The British model for controlling its North American colonies grew out of its experiences in
Ireland.
Why did England conquer Ireland between 1565 and 1576?
Irish noblemen refused to submit to the English monarchy.
Although settled two decades later, New England was able to keep pace with the Chesapeake colonies because
Its people lived in a healthier region.
The _________ was a business form in England that encouraged the English to invest in founding colonies
Joint-stock company.
What was the attitude of the leaders of Dutch colonialism with regard to Indian territory?
Land must be purchased from Indians before it could be settled.
The huge European demand for beaver pelts
Led Indians to kill more beaver than could be replaced by natural reproduction.
_________ was a Roanoke Indian who appeared to convert to Christianity but eventually returned to the Indian culture and opposed British colonists.
Manteo
________________was a Roanoke Indian who appeared to convert to Christianity but eventually returned to the Indian culture and opposed British colonists.
Manteo
The first generation of women immigrants to the Chesapeake region
Married relatively late, usually not until their mid-twenties.
Powhatan, leader of the Powhatan Algonquians in Virginia, expanded his power over other groups of Indians by
Marrying women in different tribes.
From Maya and Aztec writings and other cultural indications, we can conclude that
Maya and Aztec people lived in a complex political world complete with alliances with different groups.
One way New Englanders differed from Chesapeake colonists is that they
Migrated as families rather than as individuals.
Both the Indians and the French believed that
Mixed marriages provided a foundation for trading and military alliances.
Because Spain became a wealthy nation as a result of her New World colonies
Other nations wanted colonies so they could become wealthy.
Most colonies established by European nations in the first half of the seventeenth century were
Outposts in the global economy.
When Henry Hudson's voyage gave the Dutch a claim to the Hudson River area in 1609, what was he actually seeking?
Passage to the Pacific Ocean.
The result of the Puritans' attack on the Pequot village of Mystic on May 26, 1637, was
Pequot men, women, and children were murdered by Puritans.
Choose the correct order in which European nations embraced global colonization:
Portugal—Spain—France—England.
Sir Francis Drake is best known as a
Privateer who helped defeat the Spanish Armada.
For the Dutch, toleration, cultural diversity, amicable relations with Indians, and slavery all served what end?
Profiting through trade.
What group dominated the government and economy of the Netherlands after 1648?
Prosperous merchants.
The Dutch West Indies Company thought the primary value of the New Netherlands was to
Provide food for its more profitable colonies in Brazil and the Caribbean.
In the mercantile system, colonies were useful to European countries because they
Provided raw materials and markets for manufactured goods
A spirit of tolerance enabled the Dutch to
Put aside religious conflict and concentrate on trade.
Hernán Cortés was aided greatly in his conquest of the Aztecs by the
Refusal of the Aztecs to fight.
Why were religious dissenters so frequently persecuted in late-sixteenth-century and early-seventeenth-century European nations like England?
Religion was a state matter.
Sugar production demanded a large labor force. Encomenderos decided to
Replace Indian workers with African workers.
Samuel de Champlain
Retraced Cartier's route up the St. Lawrence River
Samuel de Champlain
Retraced Cartier's route up the St. Lawrence River.
New Englanders mostly profited from
Selling timber, wood products, and fish
Roger Williams advocated
Separation of church and state.
Ponce de León was the first European who
Set foot on the mainland that would become the United States.
By the second half of the sixteenth century, Northern Europeans considered Africans
Sexually promiscuous and brutish.
How did Malinche contribute to Hernando Cortés's conquest of the Aztec empire?
She interpreted Spanish and Nathuatl languages so he could speak with native people.
The French population in North America
Showed a significant increase between 1650 and 1714.
Which of the following statements about John Smith is accurate?
Smith began his worldwide adventures as a mercenary fighting the Spanish in the Netherlands.
After threats by the Orista Indians in Florida and by England's Sir Francis Drake, the Spanish abandoned all of eastern Louisiana except for St. Augustín because
Spain regarded the area as peripheral to its primary interests.
Both the Indians and the French believed that
Spain, rather than England, was their most significant threat.
Because the French and English found no gold or silver in areas they claimed in the New World, they
Stole from the Spanish, who did find gold and silver
The most profitable commodity produced on North American Spanish plantations in the 1500s was
Sugar.
The Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower were
Supposed to go to the Chesapeake area to help develop Virginia.
Most English settlers believed
That Indians were incapable of conversion to the English way of life.
Roger Williams, one of the founders of Rhode Island, believed
That the king had no right to grant land owned by Indians.
Despite their motivation to get rid of the Spanish, Native Americans lost the battles to the Spanish because
The Aztecs and others could not compete against advanced European technology.
The Beaver Wars erupted when
The Hurons cut off trade between the Iroquois and the French.
The Pequot War was the result of all of the following except
The Narragansetts who first promised aid to the Pequots but were paid by the Puritans to remain neutral in the war.
Why did the combination of corn and beans prove so crucial to the diet of early Americans?
The beans added amino acid to the corn, making the combination as nutritious as meat.
The first clear evidence of enslavement of Africans in mainland English colonies is
The fact that Maryland's Assembly guaranteed rights to all Christians except slaves.
Primary factors dictating how quickly English colonists adopted African slavery included
The need for plantation laborers and availability of slaves at a good price.
Why did Henry VIII make Protestantism the official religion of England?
The pope would not dissolve his sonless marriage with Catherine of Aragon.
How did the French learn to survive in New France?
They adapted to Indian customs and assisted Indian friends against their enemies.
Spaniards in the American Southwest finally abandoned the region because
They found nothing of value to keep them there
How did the introduction of European goods contribute to the destruction of Indian cultures?
They made them dependent and caused them to abandon their own crafts.
What happened to the surviving members of the Pequot tribe at the end of the Pequot War in 1638?
They were sold into slavery in the colony of Providence Island.
How did the French react to the Dutch and English establishing colonies and making alliances with the Iroquois
They worked to maintain the loyalty of Huron and Algonquian allies.
By an Act of Toleration, settlement in Maryland was open to
Those who believed in Jesus Christ.
Why did King James I grant charters to investors in Plymouth and London in 1606 to establish colonies in North America?
To provide income for merchants since peace with Spain had curtailed raids against that nation's ships.
When Indians sold land to New England settlers, they
Usually thought they were only giving permission to share the land.
Most colonists in Virginia who did not survive were
Victims of malnutrition and disease.
Unlike Virginia, the colony of Maryland
Was the property of an individual and his heirs.
The Spanish soldiers who fought in the reconquista
Were influenced in part by their Christian faith and promises of wealth and glory.
The term "middle ground" refers to
an area where European and Indian cultures and people coexisted in relative peace.
Why had the Spanish been comparatively lucky in their colonizing mission to the Americas?
esoamerica's sedentary populations were already familiar with social hierarchies and the paying of tribute
Most colonies established by European nations in the first half of the seventeenth century were
outposts in the global economy.
