History Exam 3

the ________ defined national citizenship made all native-born or naturalized persons American Citizens, thus including former slaves, it also prohibited states from abridging the privileges and immunities of citizens, such as depriving them of life, liberty, or property without due process of law

14th Amendment

the _______ defined the right of citizens of the United States to vote and prohibited states from depriving any citizen of the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

15th Amendment

under the tenure of Office Act Congress passed (1867) which of the following actions was illegal?

A president removing a cabinet member without the Senate's consent

international law that refers to a belligerent's right to prevent an enemy from receiving goods of value in waging war and to seize and condemn any cargo shipped by a neutral nation to a warring power, usually on the high seas

Contraband of war

Peace Democrats, a fraction of Democrats in the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates, also resisted draft laws

Copperheads

a credit system that became widely used by cotton farmers in the United States in the south from the 1860s to the 1940s. Reduced many tenant farmers to a state of economic slavery, as their debts to landlords and merchants carried over from one year to the next.

Crop Lien System

One of the leading generals for the North _______ who will lead his forces to victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, although he got bloodied at Shiloh, when critics complained of his drinking, Lincoln would say, "I can't spare this man. he fights." later he will be promoted to an even higher postion

Ulysses S. Grant

elected president in 1868 _________ will in fact end up being an administration that will be one unfortunately to have a great deal of corruption and scandals

Ulysses S. Grant

in an effort to bring the war to the south President Lincoln appointed _______ as the commander of the Army of the Potomac where he will then proceed with a war of attrition with huge casualties such as 18,000 northern troops at the Battle of Wilderness, later 18,000 at the Battle of Spotsylvania, and at the Battle of Cold Harbor 13,000 more casualties.

Ulysses S. Grant

the victor of the Battle of Vicksburg in July 1863 which gave the Union Army's a victory that opened up a large portion of the Mississippi River to their control and was led by General ________

Ulysses S. Grant

in the American Cicil War was a naval strategy by the United States to prevent the confederacy from trade of goods, supplies, and weapons.

Union Blockade

used during the American election campaigns to deride opposing politicians who made emotional calls to avenge the blood of soldiers that died in the Civil War. this was the practice of politicians making reference to the blood of martyrs or heroes to criticize opponents

Waving the bloody shirt

it was also during the same presidency that in 1854, Illinois Senator ______ sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act and included a section repealing the Missouri Compromise because he needed southern support to pass his legislation

Abrahman Lincoln

What was a requirement of the Fugitive Slave Act, part of the Compromise of 1850?

All citizens were expected to assist officials in apprehending runaway slaves

the President of the United States at the time of the above amendments and who will battle with Congress over the ratification of the above actions was ____________, he tried to make it the issue of the 1866 elections, it backfired and in fact he lost support

Andrew Johnson

the impact and anger felt by many northerners over the new Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 will be inflamed, as shown when a Boston Mob will break into the courthouse in 1854 and killed a guard in order to free a fugitive slave ________, it will fail, and this person will be escorted by Federal troops to ship that took this person back to slavery

Anthony Burns

the bloodiest day of the civil war occured September 17, 1862, at ________ it was fought in Maryland, when Robert E. Lee invaded the North where he faced General McClellan although he seemed to be victorious, he failed to pursue Lee

Antietam Creek, MAryland

Led by general Mcdowell for the Union Army, the first major engagement of the civil war was 1861 at the ________, when the Union army attempted to move directly south, it was a defeat for the North ending in retreat, in fact a panicky stampede

Battle of Bull Run

an important role women had during the Civil War was ______ who later went on to found the the Red Cross.

Clara Barton

Politician during Civil War whose southern sympathies and determined vendetta against the Federal Government and its war policy resulted in his court-martial and exile to the Confederacy

Clement Vallandingham

estimated 62-153 black militia men were murdered while surrendering to a mob of former Confederate soldiers and members of the Ku Klux Klan. 3 white men also died during this. the bloodiest single instance of racial cranage in the reconstruction era

Colfax Louisiana

known as the Wormley agreement of the bargain of 1877, was an unwritten deal, informally arranged among members of the United States Congress, to settle the intensely disputed 1876 presidential election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden

Compromise of 1877

what did the Supreme Court rule in its 1857 Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott was not a citizen of the United States

the act above (Tenure of office Act) will come into play when the Secretary of war fired by Andrew Johnson in violation of the Tenure of Office Act

Edwin Stanton

Initially the Confederacy sought King Cotton diplomacy, a strategy based on the belief that

European nations' need for cotton would lead them to support the confederacy

Andrew Johnson was impeached and convicted by the Senate and forced out of office

False

President Lincoln was very active from the earliest days of the civil war to make the war at once a war to free slaves

False

the President elected in 1852, was nominated by the Democrats; will be a one term president and a very poor one at that, with many controversial policies including the Kansas Nebraska Act

Franklin Pierce

former enslaved man, became a prominent activist, author, and public speaker. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the civil war

Fredrick Douglas

caused the south to demand a federal slave code. they wanted the Federal Government to guarantee slavery could exist in all territories. Played a role in the ascendancy of the antislavery Republican Party. Put forward by Stephan Douglas in the 1858 US Senate campaign waged against Abraham Lincoln in Illinois

Freeport Doctrine

After the above battle General _______ took over for the North, a good organizer, he was also arrogant, slow and indecisive, and when confronted by Robert E. Lee during the peninsula campaign and Seven Days Battle, he was forced to retreat. he also had a stormy relations with President Lincoln, as noted in your book he even referred to the President as the "orginial Gorilla" after the battle below, Lincoln will remove him once and for all

George McClellan

July 1-3, Battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and often is described as the war's turning point

Gettysburg 1863

Emergency paper currency issued by the United States during the American Civil War that were printed in green on the back. two forms Demand Notes issued in 1861-1862 and United States Notes issued in 1862-1865. Used to fiancé the Civil War, but lost value and caused inflation in the northern economy

Greenbacks

published in 1852, Uncle Tom's Cabin written by _______ put forth a stirring moral indictment of slavery and became a blockbuster hit, selling 300,000 copies in its first year and more than 2 million copies within 10 years

Harriet Beecher Stowe

What was the significance of the conflict between the Virginia and the Monitor?

It marked the birth of the ironclad warship

President ___________ who was in office in 1860 when the first southern states left the union denied the right of secession, but refused to use force to prevent it after all he was not elected in the 1860 election but was a lame-duck president, about to leave before the new president took over on March 4, 1861

James Buchanan

First and only president of the Confederate States of America. was a southern planter, Democratic politician and hero of the Mexican-American War who represented Mississippi in the U.S. House of Representatives. Served U.S. Secretary of war 1853-57

Jefferson Davis

one of the key turning points in the coming of the civil war was the action taken by ________ in his raid on Harpers Ferry for which he will be tried for treason and hanged in 1859

John Brown

advocate for black economic empowerment, represented Alabama at the national negro labor union convention where he became union's vice president. he helped found the Labor Union of Alabama, which urged the establishment of federal agency to help former slaves acquire land

John Rapier

initially a social club of confederate veterans formed in 1866, it quickly evolved into a paramilitary organization that fought against republicans

Ku Klux Klan

Congress authorizes President Ulysses S. Grant to declare martial law, impose heavy penalties against terrorist organizations and use military force to suppress the KKK

Ku Klux Klan Act

father of photojournalism. Well-known for documentation of the Civil War. his photographs, and those he commissioned, had a tremendous impact on society at the time of the war

Mathew Brady

Congress use federal lands to subsidize the construction. Legislative efforts that resulted in led to the successful completion of the transcontinental railroad. Reduced the trail time across the continent from several months to one week and is considered one of the greatest technological achievements of the 19th century.

Pacific Railway Act of 1862

Occurred the night of May 24-25, 1856, in the Kansas Territory. these killings marked the beginning of the bloodletting of the Bleeding Kansas period as both sides of the slavery issue embarked on a campaign of terror, intimidation, and armed conflict that lasted throughout the summer

Pottawatomie Massacre

In May of 1856 the violence over the question of slavery reached into the Senate floor when _______, a representative from the south attacked an caned ________, a Senator from the north who had made a public condemnation of slavery, including a relative of the attacker

Preston Brooks, Charles Sumner

the Southern wing of the Democratic Party. sought to regain their political power and enforce white supremacy. their policy of redemption was intended to oust the radical republicans, a coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers, and scalawags

Redeemers

eventually the person who will be inaugurated as President in March 1877 from the disputed election of 1876 will be:

Rutherford B. Hayed

a direct act of violent aggression by slave-owning southern "fire eaters". The Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company offered to protect settlers headed to Kansas by sending them in organized groups

Sack of Lawrence

labor system that emerged in the south during reconstruction. under this system, landless rented plots large planters in exchange for a portion (usually half) of each year's crop

Sharecropping

First southern state to secede from the Union was

South Carolina

this antislavery party formed in 1854 following passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Members attempted to unite all those who opposed the extension of slavery into any territory of the United States, there first Presidential candidate will be John Charles Fremont, California adventurer and "pathfinder"

Whig Party

former enslaved person and veteran of the American Civil War, serving in the U.S. Navy. Documented almost all of it, leaving an invaluable record of Black life during the war

William Gould

the military campaign from September through December 1864 in which Union forces marched from Atlanta, Georgia, to the coast of Savannah, carving a path of destruction as they progressed, an effort to "make Geogia howl" destroying everything of value along with the will of the south, a scorched-earth campaign was led by ____________

William Tecumseh Sherman

among the voting groups in the south during reconstruction was those labeled with the term scalawags, these were:

a slang term that southerners applied to southern white Republicans

the above president will have some success, like the Gadsden Purchase made in 1853 which was:

a small strip of land in southern Arizona and New Mexico purchased for a railroad line

the 1858 Illinois Senatorial Election

all of the above

which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the experiences of African American soldiers in the Union Army

by the end of the war 179,000 African Americans had served in the Union Army

northern whites who moved to the south after the Civil War were often called ______, they were viewed by many in the south as opportunists who were trying to fatten themselves off of the misfortune of the south. The reality was that many were opportunists, yes, just looking for economic potential

carpetbaggers

in the election of 1876, an unprecedented crisis developed as a result of

disputed electoral returns in several states

President Lincoln's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation issued in 1863

freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against the United States not in areas that remained loyal

Why did the "twenty-Negro law" enrage many white Southerners during the Civil War?

it exempted from military service one white man on every plantation with twenty or more slaves

what was the purpose of the 1862 Homestead act

it offered western land of 160 acres to settlers who would live and labor on it

what was the result of the supreme court's ruling in the slaughterhouse case (1873)?

it ruled that the 14th Amendment protected only those right that stemmed from the federal government

Government based on consent of the people. Limits the power of the Government.

popular sovereignty

the American Party or Know Nothing Party called for:

swore not to vote either foreign born or roman Catholics

how did American politics change in the aftermath of the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act?

the Whig party disintegrated

what promted an Irish-led riot that took the lives of at least 105 people in New York City in the Summer of 1863?

the newly enacted draft law

the basic reason the republicans tried to remove Andrew Johnson from office was:

they did not agree with his politics

supreme court decision in the years following the civil war largely

undermined reconstruction by limiting the power of the federal government to protect black citizens