History Final

What can we infer about immigration trends in the United States since 1900 based on the data in the chart? a. Immigration seems to peak during World War I and World War II. b. Economic upturns coincide with downturns in immigration in the mid-twentieth century. c. Immigration rose dramatically in the late twentieth century. d. The rate of immigration has remained stable for most of the last century.

The rate of immigration has remained stable for most of the last century.

style of campaigning.

The subject of this political cartoon is William Jennings Bryan's a. style of campiagning b. "Cross of Gold" speech c. support for rural farmers d. advocacy of silver coinage

Which statement best describes this excerpt from Nixon's farewell speech? a. The United States has won the war in Vietnam and now we can best ensure peace throughout the world by making treaties with China. b. We must work to end the war in Vietnam and open diplomatic relations with China and the nations in conflict in the Middle East. c. The war in Vietnam has ended and now we need to become good friends with China, and to work to help create peace in the Middle East. d. We can best work for world peace if we limit our foreign involvements in the Middle East and in Asia, as the war in Vietnam surely has shown us.

The war in Vietnam has ended and now we need to become good friends with China, and to work to help create peace in the Middle East.

a. military leader

This illustration depicts Theodore Roosevelt in his role as a a. military leader b. social reformer c. progressive politician d. environmentalist

a. Taft did not continue Roosevelt's policies.

This political cartoon makes the suggestion that a. Taft did not continue Roosevelt's policies. B. Taft wanted to continue Roosevelt's legacy. C. Roosevelt was pleased with Taft's policies. D. Taft's policies and Roosevelt's policies were identical.

the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City.

This political cartoon references a. the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City b. the signing of Pendleton Civil Service Act c. the corruption in Ulysses Grant's administration d. the efforts to relocate Native Americans to reservations

What was the purpose of the FDIC? a. to insure depositors' bank accounts b. to provide competition for private power companies c. to cut down on air pollution d. to limit the amount of stock people could purchase

To insure depositors' bank accounts

"This is the issue of this election, whether we believe in our capacity for self-government or whether we abandon the American Revolution and confess that a little intellectual elite in a far-distant capital can plan our lives for us better than we can plan them ourselves."— Ronald Reagan, "A Time for Choosing" Reagan made this statement

To oppose the power of the federal government

What was the reason for the passage of the American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924?

To reward Native Americans for military service

What is Alfred T. Mahan best known for today?

Transforming the United States into a naval power

What German weapon changed the course of the war? a. trench c. airplane b. U-boat d. automobile

U-boat

Judging from the map, which of the following most accurately describes the attitude American voters had at the time of the election of 1980?

Voters in most states were tired of failed policies and wanted change

Both the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

Were early government attempts to regulate businesses

Little meaningful legislation was passed.

What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to? a. corruption became widespread b. native Americans were restricted to reservations c. reconstruction went on for too long d. little meaningful legislation was passed

B. The figure represents muckrakers who support progressive causes through their work.

What is the most likely reason this cartoon includes the rider with a newspaper rising from his helmet among the progressive "crusaders"? A. The figure is crusading to protect newspapers. B. The figure represents muckrakers who support progressive causes through their work. C. The figure is crusading against newspapers. D. The figure represents corrupt leaders protected by the newspaper industry

Farmers have an important job in American society.

What is the theme of this illustration? a. the farming industry is in danger of collapse b. Farmers have an important job in American society. c. bankers and other professions are not kind to farmers d. many professions are related to others

Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted.

What was the primary effect of Native Americans being confined to reservations? a. the conflict between Native Americans and settlers decreased b. their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted c. they received education and religious teaching from settlers d. they were given access to improved healthcare facilities and schools

C. the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act

Which two acts from the early twentieth century shown in the table were most closely related to one another? A. the National Reclamation Act and the Elkins Act B. the Hepburn Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act C. the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act D. the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Hepburn Act

small farmers

Which type of people were most likely to support the Populist Party in the 1890s? a. immigrants b. small farmers c. cattle ranchers d. railroad workers

According to the information in the pie charts, which statement about the 1912 election is correct?

Wilson won a majority in the electoral vote, but not in the popular vote

In the Philippine War of 1898 to 1902, the United States

With great difficulty suppressed a full-scale revolt that the majority of the Filipino people supported

Which of the following is NOT an example of new opportunities for women in the late 1800s?

Women won the right to vote in most states

Which of the following would have been MOST affected by the "Gentleman's Agreement?"

Workers from Japan planning to settle in the United States

An economic downturn is called a. a recession. c. the gross national product. b. productivity. d. on margin.

a recession

What of these did NOT contribute to the Dust Bowl? a. high winds b. removal of the sod layer by modern farming methods c. Drought d. a surplus of migrant workers

a surplus of migrant workers

Congress decided that Social Security would be paid for by a. a tax on workers' paychecks. b. a national sales tax. c. a tax on large estates. d. the sale of federal bonds.

a tax on workers' paychecks.

One of the earliest and most powerful opponents of the Vietnam War was a. J. William Fulbright b. Robert McNamara c. McGeorge Bundy d. Dean Rusk e. William Westmoreland

a. J. William Fulbright

What program helps pay for medical care for senior citizens? a. Medicare b. VISTA c. Upward Bound d. Medicaid

a. Medicare

Why did the civil rights movement splinter? a. Some African Americans grew impatient with the gradual pace of the civil rights movement. b. Some African Americans took pride in their own heritage. c. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated. d. Malcolm X was assassinated.

a. Some African Americans grew impatient with the gradual pace of the civil rights movement

Who was the American commander in Vietnam? a. William Westmoreland b. Robert F. Kennedy c. George C. Wallace d. Richard J. Daley

a. William Westmoreland

Students and other opponents of the Vietnam War came to be known as a. doves. b. draftees. c. hawks. d. antipeace protesters.

a. doves

In 1979, a major accident at Three Mile Island caused a. antitax protests. b. antihuman rights protests. c. anti-nuclear protests. d. antiwar protests.

anti-nuclear protests.

The violence outside the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago resulted from a. a race riot in the Southside of Chicago b. demonstrations against the Vietnam War c. the nomination of George Wallace d. the acceptance of the Kennedy and McCarthy war planks in the party platform e. the refusal of Johnson to drop out of the race

b. demonstrations against the Vietnam War

The lunch counter "sit-ins" were meant to a. antagonize the restaurant owners. b. draw attention to segregation and challenge the law. c. provoke police intervention. d. bring racism to the public's attention.

b. draw attention to segregation and challenge the law

Passage: "I want to win pennants and we need ballplayers!" Rickey whacked the desk. He sketched the efforts and the scope of his two-year search for players of promise. "Do you think you can do it? Make good in organized baseball?" Robinson shifted to relieve his mounting tension. "If . . . if I got the chance," he stammered. "There's more here than just playing, Jackie," Rickey warned. "I wish it meant only hits, runs and errors—things you can see in a box score. . . ." "Can you do it? Can you do it?" Rickey asked over and over. . . . Did he have the guts to play the game no matter what happened? Rickey pointed out the enormity of the responsibility for all concerned: owners of the club, Rickey, Robinson and all baseball. The opposition would shout insults, come in spikes first, throw at his head. -Arthur Mann, Branch Rickey, American in Action In this passage, Branch Rickey, manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team, interviews Jackie Robinson, who became the first African American to play in major league baseball. What does Rickey want to know if Robinson can do? a. work hard to play well consistently as a professional baseball player b. face violent racial prejudice in public without showing any reaction to it c. get along with other players and the coaches on his team d. come early to spring training and to practice extra hard

b. face violent racial prejudice in public without showing any reaction to it

"Either we shall have a society based upon ordered liberty and the initiative of the individual, or we shall have a planned society that means dictation, no matter what you call it or who does it. There is no halfway ground." - Herbert Hoover, 1936 Which group at the time was most likely to agree with Hoover's opinion? a. business owners b. Democrats c. the unemployed d. members of labor unions

business owners

How did President Ford attempt to end the "long nightmare of Watergate?" a. by granting Nixon a "full, free, and absolute pardon" b. by appointing a special prosecutor to put Nixon on trial c. by charging John Dean with treason d. by nominating Jimmy Carter as governor of Georgia

by granting Nixon a "full, free, and absolute pardon"

"We are going to pass a civil rights bill if it takes all summer." -President Lyndon B. Johnson This statement by Johnson was addressed to Congress in _____. a. 1962 b. 1963 c. 1964 d. 1965

c. 1964

In which of the following periods were the most United States troops stationed in Vietnam? a. 1965-1967 b. 1966-1967 c. 1967-1969 d. 1970-1973

c. 1967-1969

"Chicago was a catastrophe." -Hubert H. Humphrey, 1968 What was the "catastrophe" at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago? a. Humphrey lost the Democratic nomination in a very close vote. b. McCarthy got the Democratic nomination by a landslide victory. c. Antiwar protests and anger flared into televised violence in the streets. d. Three days of televised and peaceful antiwar protest disturbed the nation.

c. Antiwar protests and anger flared into televised violence in the streets.

"When we marched into the rice paddies on that damp March afternoon, we carried, along with our packs and rifles, the implicit convictions that the Vietcong could be quickly beaten. We kept the packs and rifles; the convictions, we lost." -Philip Caputo, marine lieutenant Which statement best summarizes this passage? a. The Vietcong would be beaten easily by superior American weapons and better-led military forces. b. The fighting might be difficult, but Americans are far better soldiers than the Vietcong are. c. Contrary to first impressions, the Vietcong would be very hard to beat, despite America's strength. d. The Vietcong looked tough at first, but would be vulnerable to superior American technology.

c. Contrary to first impressions, the Vietcong would be very hard to beat, despite America's strength

According to the Geneva Accords, whose Communist forces would occupy North Vietnam? a. Ngo Dinh Diem b. Le Duc Tho c. Ho Chi Minh d. Nikita Khrushchev

c. Ho Chi Minh

What best describes the statement this cartoon is making about the war in Vietnam? a. It portrays President Johnson as a hapless and gullible leader. b. It is insinuating that since France started the war in Vietnam, they should finish it. c. It suggests that the Vietnam War is destroying President Johnson's presidency. d. It is indirectly referring to Ho Chi Minh likening the North Vietnamese army to a tiger.

c. It suggests that the Vietnam War is destroying President Johnson's presidency.

Who said, "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country"? a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Malcolm X c. John F. Kennedy d. Richard M. Nixon

c. John F. Kennedy

Who ran against Lyndon Johnson in 1968? a. Hubert Humphrey b. Richard Nixon c. Johnson did not run. d. George Wallace

c. Johnson did not run

Who was a leader of the Black Muslims? a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Stokely Carmichael c. Malcolm X d. Ella Baker

c. Malcolm X

Who was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference who emphasized nonviolent protests? a. Malcolm X b. Thurgood Marshall c. Martin Luther King, Jr. d. Rosa Parks

c. Martin Luther King, Jr.

According to the information in this chart, which state saw the greatest percent increase in registered African American voters after passage of the Voting Rights Act? a. Arkansas b. Louisiana c. Mississippi d. South Carolina

c. Mississippi

Who was assassinated after winning the California primary? a. Eugene McCarthy b. Hubert H. Humphrey c. Robert F. Kennedy d. John F. Kennedy

c. Robert F. Kennedy

"I heard all of this screaming and . . . somebody yelled, 'Oh God, they're killing us!' . . . And I looked and I saw the troopers charging us . . . swinging their arms and throwing canisters of tear gas. . . . Some of them had clubs and others had ropes and whips. . . . It was like a nightmare. . . . I just knew then that I was going to die." —Sheyann Webb Sheyann Webb is recalling a campaign to enact voting legislation that resulted in conflict on a bridge in a. Greenwood, MS. b. Little Rock, AR. c. Selma, AL. d. Washington, D.C.

c. Selma, AL

What was a turning point of the Vietnam War? a. Saigon city bombing b. Christmas bombing c. Tet offensive d. Ho Chi Minh city bombing

c. Tet offensive

Which of the following is an indicator of the success of the Civil Rights movement in influencing government? a. Portions of the Voting Act of 1965 remain in effect. b. Lester Maddox was elected governor of Georgia. c. Thurgood Marshall was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. d. Martin Luther King, Jr. established the "Poor People's Campaign."

c. Thurgood Marshall was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court

C. Latin America.

"All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international 'police power.'" —Theodore Roosevelt, "Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine" (Fourth Annual Message to Congress), December 6, 1904In this message to Congress, Roosevelt is discussing American actions in A. China. B. Spain. C. Latin America. D. the Philippines.

D. the Philippines

"Here, then, senators, is the situation. Two years ago there was no land in all the world which we could occupy for any purpose. Our commerce was daily turning toward the Orient, and geography and trade developments made necessary our commercial empire over the Pacific. And in that ocean we had no commercial, naval, or military base. Today, we have one of the three great ocean possessions of the globe, located at the most commanding commercial, naval, and military points in the Eastern seas, within hail of India, shoulder to shoulder with China, richer in its own resources than any equal body of land on the entire globe, and peopled by a race which civilization demands shall be improved. Shall we abandon it?"—Albert J. Beveridge, "In Support of an American Empire," January 9, 1900 What "ocean possession" is Beveridge referring to in this statement? A.Guam B. Japan C. Hong Kong D. the Philippines

The Nez Percé were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down.

"I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead."It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead."Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."—Chief Joseph Which overall theme can best be inferred from this speech? a. new generations of American Indians would always remain strong b. the Nez Perce were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down. c. the Battle of Little Big Horn led to more conflicts between Plains Indians d. Surrendering their values and land caused desertion within the Nez Perce

why the Native Americans resisted the white men.

"I love to roam over the prairies.. . . . [B]ut when I go down to the river I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo. . . . We have to protect ourselves. We have to save our country. We have to fight for what is ours."—Chief Satanta In this quote, Chief Satanta is explaining a. the Native Americans' view on nature and spirituality b. why the Native Americans resisted the white men. c. how the white men ruined the Native Americans' way of life. d. how important the buffalo herds were to Native Americans

Native Americans.

"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867 What group is Horace Greeley forgetting in the quote above? a. immigrants b. lower-class Northerners c. freed slaves d. Native Americans

Theodore Roosevelt's nickname for reform journalists and novelists was

"Muckrakers"

How did the government respond to conditions like this in Love Canal, New York? a. It designated toxic waste areas as superfund sites to address public health concerns. b. It passed the Clean Water Act to prevent the dumping of chemicals in rivers and lakes. c. It founded the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate and prosecute severe polluters. d. It temporarily suspended the building of new nuclear power plants for nearly a quarter century.

It designated toxic waste areas as superfund sites to address public health concerns.

How many automobiles were sold in the year on the line graph that shows the lowest sales? a. 1,500 c. 1,500,000 b. 150,000 d. 2,000,000

1,500,000

Which amendment established Prohibition? a. Nineteenth Amendment c. Seventeenth Amendment b. Eighteenth Amendment d. Twentieth Amendment

18th Amendment

Based on the line graph, in which of the following years was the cost of a Model T Ford the most stable? a. 1908-1926 c. 1914-1920 b. 1908-1914 d. 1920-1926

1920-1926

Which constitutional amendment guaranteed women in all states the right to vote? a. Twentieth Amendment c. Eighteenth Amendment b. Nineteenth Amendment d. Seventeenth Amendment

19th amendment

American intervention in Lebanon ended after

A brutal attack against American forces

Study the chart and then choose which cause a liberal would be most likely to support

A national healthcare system for all citizens

Between 1861 and 1870, Scottish people accounted for approximately what percent of immigrants to the United States from the British Isles? A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20%

A. 5%

What criticism did some liberals have of the New Deal? a. It did not go far enough in helping the poor. b. It did nothing to relieve overworked judges. c. It went too far in regulating businesses. d. Government pensions were too large.

It did not go far enough in helping the poor.

Which point of view about business leaders is the artist most likely communicating? A. Business leaders have too much control over their industries. B. Business leaders are working together in suspicious ways. C. Trusts have exploited the common people. D. The laws governing trusts are not strict enough.

A. Business leaders have too much control over their industries.

What effect did the phrase "Remember the Maine!" have on public opinion in the United States during the period just before the Spanish-American War? A. It encouraged anger toward Spain and helped lead to war. B. It encouraged anger at ordinary Cubans. C. It encouraged anger against the imperialists in the United States. D. It encouraged a spirit of reconciliation with Spain.

A. It encouraged anger toward Spain and helped lead to war.

How did business leaders in the late nineteenth century utilize vertical integration? A. They maintained control of production and distribution of their products. B. They maintained control of the raw materials necessary for their products. C. They allowed market forces to dictate how their products were distributed. D. They delegated responsibility for production and distribution to subsidiaries.

A. They maintained control of production and distribution of their products.

The Knights of Labor was formed with the goal of A. broad social reform for laborers. B. helping immigrant workers find jobs. C. raising money to overthrow large factories. D. promoting capitalism among skilled workers.

A. broad social reform for laborers.

Admittance into the United States through Ellis Island was largely dependent on A. the validity of the immigrant's stateside sponsor. B. the immigrant's social standing in his or her home country. C. the applicability of vocational skills the immigrant possesses. D. how many children for whom the immigrant was seeking citizenship.

A. the validity of the immigrant's stateside sponsor.

"We recognize that peaceful industry is necessary to successful civilized life, but the right to strike and the preparation to strike is the greatest preventive to strikes. If the workmen were to make up their minds tomorrow that they would under no circumstances strike, the employers would do all the striking for them in the way of lesser wages, and longer hours of labor."—Report on the (U.S.) Industrial Commission on Capital and Labor, 1890 In this report, Samuel Gompers is explaining the need for A. unions. B. pensions. C. wage labor. D. freedom of contract.

A. unions.

What project helped farmers? a. PWA b. CCC c. TVA d. AAA

AAA

texas

According to the information in this map, where was cattle ranching most important as an industry? a. kansas b. texas c. utah territory d. arizona territory

A. rose slightly.

According to this chart, between the years 1870 and 1900 the number of women as a percentage of the entire workforce A. rose slightly. B. remained the same. C. declined drastically. D. cannot be determined.

A.Britain

According to this map, which foreign country held controlling power in the port cities in the main area where the Boxer Rebellion was centered? A.Britain B. France C. Germany D. Russia

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika, or reform, involved

Adopting elements of a free-market economy

Which country did the Soviet Union invade in 1979?

Afghanistan

Which country did the Soviet Union invade in 1979? a. Lebanon b. Nicaragua c. Afghanistan d. Iran

Afghanistan

Members of the temperance movement wanted to outlaw

Alcohol

"This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial result for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the sole agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer—doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves."—Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," 1889 What is Carnegie's message in the text above? A. People who are wealthy deserve the money that they have. B. It is the responsibility of wealthy people to give back to society. C. Regardless of social class, everyone should accept their place in society. D. America is a land of opportunity, where anyone can work to make a fortune.

B. It is the responsibility of wealthy people to give back to society.

What was the primary effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson? A. It led to greater opportunities for minorities. B. It legalized segregation in many parts of the country. C. It permanently divided the Progressive Party. D. It made the sale of alcohol illegal in the United States.

B. It legalized segregation in many parts of the country.

How did the Haymarket Riot hurt the labor movement? A. Key labor leaders were injured in the riot. B. Many Americans came to believe that union members were violent anarchists. C. Union members became afraid to strike following the violence. D. The fires started in the riot destroyed much of Chicago's industrial base.

B. Many Americans came to believe that union members were violent anarchists.

How does this photo of the Brooklyn Bridge reflect the technological innovations of the late nineteenth century? A. Concrete was needed for the bridge's frame. B. Steel was a necessary component for the construction. C. Steam engines were integral to the building of the bridge. D. Hydroelectric power helped raise heavy materials during construction.

B. Steel was a necessary component for the construction.

How did Presidents George H. W. Bush and Clinton respond to Chinese protests in the late 1980s and 1990s, such as the one seen in this photo?

Both Presidents publicly condemned China's human rights violations but neither took direct action against China

Which of the following is true of American families during the Depression? a. Divorce rates increased, but overall family size decreased. b. Both marriage and birth rates fell. c. Marriage rates increased, but birth rates fell. d. Marriage rates fell, but birth rates increased. e. Both marriage and birth rates increased.

Both marriage and birth rates fell.

"All charges made for any service rendered or to be rendered in the transportation of passengers or property as aforesaid, or in connection therewith, or for the receiving, delivering, storage, or handling of such property, shall be reasonable and just; and every unjust and unreasonable charge for such service is prohibited and declared to be unlawful."—Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 What did the Interstate Commerce Act do? A.It controlled the railroads' transactions. B. It broke up all remaining railroad trusts. C. It monitored the rates charged by railroads. D. It regulated all railroads in the United States.

C. It monitored the rates charged by railroads.

What event led to the overthrow of Queen Liluokalank in Hawaii? A. The United States sent in troops to protect American planters. B. The Mckinley-Tariff raised import rates on domestic goods. C. The queen abolished the constitution that had supported the political power of the white minority in Hawaii. D. Popular discontent with the queen's rule grew.

C. The queen abolished the constitution that had supported the political power of the white minority in Hawaii.

Which of the following titles can be used for the causes and effects chart? a. Causes and Effects of Political Parties b. Causes and Effects of World War I c. Causes and Effects of World War II d. Causes and Effects of NATO

Causes and Effects of WW1

Richard M. Nixon became the first president to go behind the "iron curtain" when he visited a. Egypt. b. Israel. c. Romania. d. China.

China

Based on the excerpt, what was Bill Clinton's opinion of the state of affairs in the United States when he was elected President in 1992? ". . . the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. . . . when most people are working harder for less; when others cannot work at all; when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to bankrupt our enterprises, great and small; when the fear of crime robs law-abiding citizens of their freedom; and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend." —President Bill Clinton, inaugural address, January 20, 1993

Clinton thought that healthcare reform and other changes were necessary in the United States

"Through 13 long days at Camp David, we have seen them display determination and vision and flexibility which was needed to make this agreement come to pass." Who are the two leaders President Carter speaks of in this passage? a. Mikhail Gorbachev and Menachem Begin b. Zhou Enlai and Golda Meir c. Boris Yeltsin and Saddam Hussein d. Menachem Begin and Anwar el-Sadat

Menachem Begin and Anwar el-Sadat

President Carter helped the peace process in the a. European nations. b. Middle East. c. Soviet Union d. Latin American countries.

Middle East

President Carter helped the peace process in the a. European nations. b. Middle East. c. Soviet Union. d. Latin American countries.

Middle East

In this political cartoon, the witch flying over the Capitol building on a rake is meant to represent

Muckraking journalism

Mexican Americans formed self-help groups known as

Mutualistas

"In March 1933, the _____ was not a plan. . . . It was a happy phrase [FDR] had coined during the campaign. . . . It made people feel better, and in that terrible period of depression they needed to feel better." -Frances Perkins Which word correctly fills in the blank for this passage describing the early days of the Roosevelt administration? a.Farm Security Administration b. Civilian Conservation Corps c. New Deal d. National Recovery Administration

New Deal

Section 1 "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States of by any State on account of sex. Section 2 "Congress shall have power by appropriate legislation to enforce the provisions of this article." This excerpt is from the _____, which, in 1920, gave women the right to vote. a. Seneca Falls Declaration c. Twentieth Amendment b. Nineteenth Amendment d. Women's Suffrage Act

Nineteenth Amendment

"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government." —Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, 1899 Which action would the American Anti-Imperialist League most likely consider "criminal aggression"?

Occupying the Philippines

b. schools

On which institutions did the progressive leader John Dewey have the largest impact? a. churches b. schools c. businesses d. government agencies

Based on the chart, which agency would have hired a person to help construct an airport during the Great Depression? a. FPC b. CCC c. PWA d. TVA

PWA

People opposed to the use of violence are called a. Republicans. c. dissenters. b. socialists. d. pacifists.

Pacifists

President Carter turned control of the Panama Canal over to a. Syria. b. Mexico. c. Egypt. d. Panama.

Panama

". . . This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself—— nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. . . . " Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, . . . through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources. . . ." -President Franklin Delano Roosevelt In his first inaugural address, on March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spoke to a nation in deep economic trouble. Which statement best summarizes what he says in this passage from his speech? a. The economy will have to get much worse before it can get better—that's how the business cycle works—be patient and everything will be fine b. The country will recover, there's nothing to be afraid of, things are bound to get better soon c. People should not let fear consume them, the government will help put people to work and the nation will recover. d. American inventors and companies are bound to find ways soon to pull the country out of this troubled time

People should not let fear consume them, the government will help put people to work and the nation will recover.

Each state has a certain number of electoral votes that correspond to its population. These votes are generally given to the candidate who wins the popular vote in the state. Based on the number of electoral votes in 1968 and 1980, what significant historical trend is shown in the map? a. Population growth in the Sun Belt increased the political influence of states in the Southeast and Southwest. b. Traditional population centers on the East Coast gradually lost ground to cities on the West Coast. c. The Rust Belt states of the Midwest gradually lost population and political influence to states in the Northeast. d. There was a significant shift in political influence from the Southeast to the Southwest.

Population growth in the Sun Belt increased the political influence of states in the Southeast and Southwest.

What was one advantage of urbanization for poor workers who migrated to cities in the late nineteenth century? A. They had access to sufficient healthcare. B. They had access to electricity and other technologies. C. They were better able to provide their children with educational opportunities. D. They earned wages that enabled them to have a higher standard of living.

D. They earned wages that enabled them to have a higher standard of living.

"When Rockefeller founded Standard Oil, kerosene was 30 cents a gallon. Twenty years later, Rockefeller had almost a 90 percent market share and kerosene was only eight cents a gallon. Customers were the real winners here, because Rockefeller's size allowed him to cut costs. . . ."—Historian Burton W. Folsom, Jr. Folsom would be most likely to call John D. Rockefeller a A. carpetbagger. B. robber baron. C. philanthropist. D. captain of industry.

D. captain of industry.

allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption.

President Grant is remembered as a corrupt president because he a. appointed his relatives and friends to important positions b plundered millions of dollars from New York's city treasury c. allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption d. was not supported by his own party on grounds of campaign corruption

". . . I regret deeply any injuries that may have been done in the course of the events that led to this decision. I would say only that if some of my judgments were wrong, and some were wrong, they were made in what I believed at the time to be the best interest of the Nation. . . ." Who spoke these words and on which occasion? a. Senator McCarthy, leaving the Senate for the last time b. President Nixon, resigning the presidency c. President Johnson, discussing Watergate break-in d. Governor Wallace, deciding not to run for a second term

President Nixon, resigning the presidency

Although he was previously a member of the Republican Party, what other party did Theodore Roosevelt represent in his 1912 run for President?

Progressive Party

"Laws permitting, and even requiring, [racial] separation in places where [the races] are liable to be brought into contact do not necessarily imply the inferiority of either race to the other, and have been generally, if not universally, recognized as within the competency of the state legislatures in the exercise of their police power. The most common instance of this is connected with the establishment of separate schools for white and colored children, which has been held to be a valid exercise of the legislative power even by courts of States where the political rights of the colored race have been longest and most earnestly enforced. We think the enforced separation of the races, as applied to the internal commerce of the State, neither abridges the privileges or immunities of the colored man, deprives him of his property without due process of law, nor denies him the equal protection of the laws within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment...." —Plessy v. Ferguson, Supreme Court of the United States (163 U.S. 537), May 18, 1896 The Supreme Court decision cited in the text declared that

Racial segregation was not unconstitutional

Which of these was NOT a Reagan policy?

Raising taxes

Judging from this excerpt from his speech in Berlin, what was the most important reason why President Reagan wanted Russian President Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall? "General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" —President Ronald Reagan, Brandenburg Gate, June 12, 1987

Reagan believed tearing down the wall would be an important step toward world peace

According to the data in the charts, which statement is most likely true about the 1984 election?

Reagan carried a majority of the states with high populations

One outcome of the Watergate scandal was the a. impeachment of Nixon. b. resignation of Gerald Ford. c. conviction of Nixon by the Senate. d. resignation of Richard Nixon.

Resignation of Richard Nixon

The decision to intervene in the Balkans and Haiti were two examples of a larger debate over

Respecting the political autonomy of other nations

Who coined the term "silent majority?" a. Jimmy Carter b. John Dean c. Richard Nixon d. Neil Armstrong

Richard Nixon

". . . A state criminal abortion statute of the current Texas type, that excepts from criminality only a life saving procedure on behalf of the mother, without regard to pregnancy stage and without recognition of the other interests involved, is violative of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. . . ." This is a quotation from the 1973 Supreme Court decision in the ______ case a. Roe v. Wade b. Gideon v. Wainwright c. Miranda v. Arizona d. Furman v. Georgia

Roe v Wade

One major reason for the growth in urbanization between 1860 and 1900 was that A. politicians in major cities demanded fair working conditions for all laborers. B. the upper-middle class was prosperous and able to afford city dwellings. C. many new immigrants were unable to find work on Midwestern farms. D. many factory jobs were located in cities near transportation routes.

D. many factory jobs were located in cities near transportation routes.

What is the name of the political reform that allows voters to reject laws even if they had already been passed by the legislature? A. direct primary B. initiative C. recall D. referendum

D. referendum

In the nineteenth century, tenements such as this were examples of A. demographic shifts from urban to rural areas. B. how foreign policies affected economic issues in cities. C. the social issues affecting rural development. D. the social issues affecting urbanization.

D. the social issues affecting urbanization.

Why did industrialists support American expansion overseas? A. to gain colonies for military bases B. to acquire raw materials for increased manufacturing C. to acquire needed territories to compete with Japan's overseas expansion D. to find markets to consume American surplus crops and commodities

D. to find markets to consume American surplus crops and commodities

Which Bush Administration policy goal is best reflected in the arrest of Manuel Noriega in Panama?

Decreasing the supply of illegal drugs in the United States

"He Kept Us Out of War" This phrase was the slogan of the _____ presidential candidate in 1916. a. Democratic c. Progressive b. Republican d. Socialist

Democratic

"The diplomacy of the present administration has sought to respond to modern ideas of commercial intercourse. This policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and to legitimate commercial aims. It is an effort frankly directed to the increase of American trade upon the axiomatic principle that the government of the United States shall extend all proper support to every legitimate and beneficial American enterprise abroad." —William Howard Taft, 1912 In this text, Taft is advocating what became known as

Dollar diplomacy

Who was the photographer who took photographs of migrant workers? a. Dorothea Lange b. Grant Wood c. Walker Evens d. Thomas Hart Benton

Dorothea Lange

Section 1 "After one year from ratification of this article, the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation therof into, or the exportation therof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. . . ." This is an excerpt from the _____ , which went into effect in 1919. a. Fifteenth Amendment c. Volstead Act b. Eighteenth Amendment d. Prohibition Act

Eighteenth Amendment

Who was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "eyes and ears"? a. Hattie Caraway b. Eleanor Roosevelt c. Ralph Bunche d. John Collier

Eleanor Roosevelt

The law that established a quota system for immigration was the a. Teapot Dome Act. c. Scopes trial. b. Emergency Quota Act. d. the Mellon Income Tax Act.

Emergency Quota Act

Radio broadcasters reached a wide Depression Era audience with this popular programming, except for a.The Lone Ranger b.soap operas c.the World Series' baseball games d.Emmy Awards show e.Orson Welles's The War of the Worlds

Emmy Awards show

Who was a writer and an expatriate? a. Ernest Hemingway c. Florence Mills b. Claude McKay d. Bessie Smith

Ernest Hemingway

Conservatives criticized the New Deal and the Great Society for having

Expanded the size of the federal government

"Today we are raising more [crops] than we can consume. Today we are making more than we can use. . . . Therefore we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor." —Senator Albert J. Beveridge, "The March of the Flag," 1898 In this text, what economic program is Senator Beveridge calling for?

Expansion of foreign trade

Based on the chart, which New Deal agency or law helped renew Americans' confidence in banks? a. FERA b. WPA c. FPC d. FDIC

FDIC

The Persian Gulf War was triggered by

Fears that Iraq's annexation of Kuwait would threaten world oil supplies

"Serve Just Enough" "Use All Leftovers" These slogans, part of a campaign by the _____, encouraged Americans to conserve food during World War I. a. Board of War Production c. War Industries Board b. Food Administration d. National War Labor Board

Food administration

". . . I not only am not guilty . . . but I never commit a crime in my life—I have never steal and I have never kill and I have never spilt blood, and I have fought against the crime, and I have fought and I have sacrificed myself even to eliminate the crimes that the law and the church legitimate and sanctify. "This is what I say: I would not wish to a dog or to a snake, to the most low and misfortunate creature of the earth—I would not wish to any of them what I have had to suffer for things that I am not guilty of. . . . I have suffered for things that I am guilty of. I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical; I have suffered because I was an Italian, and indeed I am an Italian; . . ." -Bartolomeo Vanzetti, 1927 The Sacco and Vanzetti case revealed the strong feelings of the United States public against _____ and _____. a. the rich, powerful c. African Americans, Chinese laborers b. foreigners, radicals d. the poor, homeless

Foreigners, Radicals

Based on the map of Europe during World War I, in which country were most of the major Western Front battles fought? a. Austria-Hungary c. Italy b. Germany d. France

France

"[T]he country needs and . . . demands bold, persistent experimentation." Which candidate during the 1932 presidential campaign made this declaration? a. Franklin Delano Roosevelt b. Herbert Hoover c. Warren G. Harding d. Huey Long

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

When President Nixon resigned, he was succeeded by a. Spiro Agnew. b. John Dean. c. Jimmy Carter. d. Gerald Ford.

Gerald Ford

Who became vice president when Agnew resigned? a. Jimmy Carter b. Gerald Ford c. Henry Kissinger d. John Dean

Gerald Ford

In the 1930s, the United States went into a severe economic state called the a. Great Inflation. b. Great Downturn. c. Great Depression. d.Great Recession.

Great Depression.

"If the street is not cleaned by the city authorities no amount of private sweeping will keep the tenement free from grime; if the garbage is not properly collected and destroyed a tenement-house mother may see her children sicken and die of diseases from which she alone is powerless to shield them, although her tenderness and devotion are unbounded. She cannot even secure untainted meat for her household, . . . unless the meat has been inspected by city officials." —Jane Addams, Ladies Home Journal, 1910 Which reform does this statement from Jane Addams support?

Greater social acceptance of recent immigrants

"I can never put on paper the thrill of the underground ride to _____. I went up the steps and out into the bright September sunlight. _____! I stood there, dropped my bags, took a deep breath and felt happy again." -Langston Hughes Which word best fills in the blanks in this quotation about this writer's arrival at the scene of the 1920s burst of African American cultural creativity? a. Chicago c. Hollywood b. New York d. Harlem

Harlem

Based on the following quotation, which of the following best reflects Ronald Reagan's political views? "Government is not the solution to our problems, government is the problem." —Ronald Reagan, inaugural address, 1981

He believed that the government had gained too much power and did not use it well.

What did Roosevelt do the day after he was inaugurated? a. He repealed Prohibition. b. He instituted a minimum wage. c. He closed America's banks for four days. d. He proposed raising taxes on the wealthy in order to aid the poor.

He closed America's banks for four days.

What did Reagan say was his involvement in the Iran-Contra deal?

He said he had no knowledge of it

Shortly after World War II, Jews formed the state of

Israel

What was the outcome of the Foraker Act, passed by Congress in 1900?

It allowed for the appointment of a governor for Puerto Rico

In what way did the year 1898 represent a turning point for the United States?

It became an imperial power with colonies

"It's morning again in America. In a town not too far from where you live, a young family has just moved into a new home. . . . Right down the street one of the neighbors has just bought himself a new car, with all the options. The factory down the river is working again. . . . Life is better, America is back. And people have a sense of pride they never felt they'd feel again." This text appeared in a political commercial for

Ronald Reagan's reelection campaign

"Either we shall have a society based upon ordered liberty and the initiative of the individual, or we shall have a planned society that means dictation, no matter what you call it or who does it. There is no halfway ground." - Herbert Hoover, 1936 Which statement best restates Hoover's point? a. An effective Social Security program will help America grow. b. Roosevelt's New Deal policies work against freedom. c. Businesses must be tightly regulated by the government. d. Business and government must cooperate more.

Roosevelt's New Deal policies work against freedom.

What important milestone was achieved by the person shown in the photo during Ronald Reagan's presidency?

Sandra Day O'Connor was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court

Which two nations are the leading producers of oil in the Middle East? a. Saudi Arabia and Iran b. Iran and United Arab Emirates c. Russia and Iran d. China and United Arab Emirates

Saudi Arabia and Iran

"It took 8 years and two vetoes to make this legislation the law of the land. Now millions of our people will no longer have to choose between their jobs and their families. The law guarantees the right of up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year when it's urgently needed at home to care for a newborn child or an ill family member. This bill will strengthen our families, and I believe it will strengthen our businesses and our economy as well."—Bill Clinton, February 5, 1993 President Clinton gave these remarks upon signing which act into law?

The Family Medical Leave Act

" . . . It was the period when the Negro was in vogue. "I was there. I had a swell time while it lasted. But I thought it wouldn't last long. . . . For how could a large and enthusiastic number of people be crazy about Negroes forever? But some Harlemites thought the millennium had come. They thought the race problem had at last been solved. . . . They were sure the New Negro would lead a new life from then on in green pastures of tolerance created by Countee Cullen, Ethel Waters, Claude McKay, Duke Ellington, Bojangles, and Alain Locke. "I don't know what made any Negroes think that—except that they were mostly intellectuals doing the thinking. . . ." -Langston Hughes, The Big Sea, An Autobiography What well-known event of the 1920s is Hughes describing in this passage? a. Prohibition c. the lost generation b. the Harlem Renaissance d. bootlegging

The Harlem Renaissance

D. reforms in local government

The destruction caused by the hurricane that ravaged Galveston, TX in 1900 resulted in what kind of reform? A conservation and environmental reforms B. educational reforms C. reforms in state government D. reforms in local government

The spike in population in Alaska Territory between 1880 and 1900 was mostly due to

The discovery of gold

"Your generation is living in one of the most exciting times in [history]. It is a time when the first breath of freedom stirs the air and the heart beats to the accelerated rhythm of hope, when the accumulated spiritual energies of a long silence yearn to break free. . . . We do not know what the conclusion of this journey will be, but we're hopeful that the promise of reform will be fulfilled . . . leading to a new world of reconciliation, friendship, and peace."—Ronald Reagan, May 31, 1988 The language that Ronald Reagan used in this speech to students from the Soviet Union makes it clear that he's talking about

The end of totalitarian repression in the U.S.S.R

sod

The house in this image, typical of those built by homesteaders adapting to their physical environment on the Great Plains, was made from a. adobe b. brick c. sod d. straw

American troops and American ships may be ordered to any part of the world by nations other than the United States, and that is a proposition to which I, for one, can never assent." -Senator Henry Cabot Lodge This quotation indicates the strong opposition of Lodge to _____ and ratification of the _____. a. the Palmer Act, United Nations b. NATO, Treaty of Paris c. self-determination, London Agreement d. the League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles

The league of Nations, treaty of Versailles

Which trend best explains the increasing popularity of the Moral Majority in the early 1980s?

The perceived decline of what many considered traditional family values

President Clinton was impeached on charges of

perjury and obstruction of justice

To deal with the recession of the early 1990s, President Bush agreed to

raise new taxes as part of a deficit0reduction plan

Between 1929 and 1932, farmers in the Dust Bowl of the South and Midwest experienced all of the following problems except a. high temperatures b. a decline in rainfall c. rapidly rising prices d. overproduction in agriculture e. losses of land to foreclosures

rapidly rising prices

"[I noticed] a feeling of worthlessness—and loneliness; I began to think of myself as a freak and a misfit." -Sidney Lens This quotation expresses the emotional effect felt by _____ people when the Great Depression struck a. newly wealthy b. suddenly unemployed c. recently married d. successful professional

suddenly unemployed

In 1919 and 1920, A. Mitchell Palmer deported hundreds of people because of a. disease. c. the Cold War. b. the "Red Scare." d. sabotage.

the "Red Scare"

". . . The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them. . . ." In this excerpt, President Woodrow Wilson asked _____, a. the American people to remain neutral b. Congress to declare war on Germany c. the British to join the American fight d. Businessmen to boycott Germany

the American people to remain neutral

To help him guide the nation to recovery, Franklin Roosevelt counted on a. the Ohio Gang. b. the Brain Trust. c. the Black Cabinet. d. Congress.

the Brain Trust.

Of the Fourteen Points, the one Woodrow Wilson considered the most important concerned a. the call for free trade. c. the League of Nations. b. freedom of the seas. d. national self-determination.

the League of Nations

Based on this chart, which part of the world has the largest supplies of oil?

the Middle East

Before Nixon visited China, who did Americans treat as China's legitimate rulers? a. the Japanese b. the South Koreans c. the Communist Chinese d. the Nationalist Chinese

the Nationalist Chinese

". . . On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance . . . with Mexico: . . . we shall make war together and together make peace. . . . Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona . . . "You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence . . ." -January 1917 This offer to Mexico is a quotation from _____. a. the Monroe Doctrine c. the Zimmerman telegram b. the Sussex Pledge d. the Selective Service Act

the Zimmerman telegram

How did President Hoover think the Great Depression would be resolved? a. through taxes imposed by the government b. through foreign aid from Europe c. through voluntary action on the part of businesses, local governments, and charities d. through rebuilding Americans' confidence by a series of presidential trips around the country

through voluntary action on the part of businesses, local governments, and charities

The National Organization for Women (NOW) was originally formed in order to achieve what goal? a. to elect a woman President by the end of the decade b. to bring about passage of the Equal Rights Amendment c. to establish a Congressional committee focusing on women's rights d. to help pass a Constitutional amendment protecting reproductive rights

to bring about passage of the Equal Rights Amendment

What were the main aims of the Chicano Mural Movement? a. to give young at-risk Latinos an alternative to graffiti b. to train and employ young Chicanos in art-related fields c. to compel museums to feature more work by Chicano artists d. to increase awareness of Mexican American culture and history

to increase awareness of Mexican American culture and history

"Affirmative action" is best described as the legal requirement that a. employers abandon practices that deny employment to blacks b. employers be forced to obey federal and state laws that protect the civil rights of all c. employers take positive measures to recruit minorities to compensate for past injustices d. employers establish racial quotas for their workforce e. employers hire workers who belong to Community Action organizations

c. employers take positive measures to recruit minorities to compensate for past injustices

In the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the two countries struggled to be the first to a. send a satellite into orbit. b. send a human being into orbit. c. send a human being to the moon. d. send an unmanned craft to the moon.

c. send a human being to the moon

Johnson's domestic program centered upon the issues of a. government efficiency and decreasing the national debt b. economic strength and reducing the federal bureaucracy c. social welfare and economic strength d. social reform and balanced budgets e. judicial reform and fiscal conservatism

c. social welfare and economic strength

"I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth." -President John F. Kennedy, 1961 In 1969, which United States space project fulfilled Kennedy's challenge to the nation? a. the Mercury project b. the Vanguard project c. the Apollo project d. the Space Shuttle project

c. the Apollo project

". . . Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of Negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. ". . . We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The Brown v. Topeka Board of Education decision ruled that the "separate but equal" doctrine violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by _____. a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. the Declaration of Independence c. the Fourteenth Amendment d. the First Amendment

c. the Fourteenth Amendment

Events of the Freedom Summer included a. an antiwar march of over 100,000 protestors in Washington, D.C. b. Martin Luther King's antisegregation march on Birmingham c. the brutal murder of three young civil rights activists d. violent riots in Watts; Detroit; and Newark, New Jersey e. thousands of young people streaming into the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco

c. the brutal murder of three young civil rights activists

"We live in a deeply troubled and profoundly unsettled time. Drugs, crime, campus revolts, racial discord, draft resistance—on every hand we find old standards violated, old values discarded." This quotation from Nixon describes American society in a period of great _____. a. change b. contentment c. order d. calm

change

During the Great Depression, the films of Frank Capra a. emphasized the glamour of urban life b. provided a harsh critique of American society and culture c. offered a form of escape with little social message d. contained implicit or explicit social and political messages e. awakened Americans to events abroad

contained implicit or explicit social and political messages

Not one American soldier bound for Europe was lost to submarine attacks because of a. alliances. c. convoys. b. airplanes. d. entente.

convoys

What unpopular action did Roosevelt use to keep the New Deal from being undone? a. Wagner Act b. radio talks c. court-packing plan d. Social Security Act

court-packing plan

Public opinion turned radically against the Vietnam War after the a. United States began to bomb North Vietnam b. Communists captured the capital of South Vietnam c. American troops invaded North Vietnam d. Viet Cong launched the 1968 Tet Offensive e. Diem regime collapsed due to corruption

d. Viet Cong launched the 1968 Tet Offensive

Socialists and Communists viewed the Depression as the a. death of a failed system. b. chance for reform. c. beginning of the end. d. just dues for capitalists.

death of a failed system

Which of these worried many critics of the New Deal? a. the end of the banking crisis b. the easing of unemployment c. deficit spending d. the return to laissez faire

deficit spending

During the Great Depression, those who did not lose their jobs often a. had their salaries cut. b. hopped freight trains. c. refused to vote. d. were given an early, secure retirement.

had their salaries cut.

During the Depression, many Mexican immigrants a. were given government pensions. b. were deported. c. became successful through the stock market. d. found high-paying jobs on American farms.

were deported.

President Reagan's decision to fire federal air traffic controllers who were on strike is an example of

his support of the rights of business over labor

During Reagan's second term, United States relations with the Soviet Union

improved

Which of these was NOT a cause of the Great Depression? a. increasing demand for cars and housing b. overproduction c. a banking crisis d. unemployment and bankruptcy

increasing demand for cars and housing

President Ford's WIN program tried to stop a. the spread of Communism. b. the "long nightmare" of Watergate. c. inflation. d. the seizing of American merchant ships.

inflation

minting silver coinage to increase inflation

"Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is not precedent in the history of the world; our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value, which must, within a few weeks or months, be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production; the existing currency supply is wholly inadequate to make this exchange; the results are falling prices, the formation of combines and rings, the impoverishment of the producing class. We pledge ourselves that if given power we will labor to correct these evils by wise and reasonable legislation, in accordance with the terms of our platform. . . ."—Preamble, Populist Party Platform What solution did the Populists propose to solve the problem of crop prices not meeting their cost of production? a. implementing a graduated income tax b. minting silver coinage to increase inflation c. granting government control of the railroads d. lifting tariffs n imports to encourage lower prices

A. the relationship between government and industry

"Political parties exist to secure responsible government and to execute the will of the people. From these great tasks both of the old parties have turned aside. Instead of instruments to promote the general welfare, they have become the tools of corrupt interests which use them impartially to serve their selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people.To destroy this invisible government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day.Unhampered by tradition, uncorrupted by power, undismayed by the magnitude of the task, the new party offers itself as the instrument of the people to sweep away old abuses, to build a new and nobler commonwealth." —Progressive Party Platform of 1912 This excerpt from the Progressive Party platform concerns which issue? A. the relationship between government and industry B. suffrage for women and other disenfranchised groups C. the conditions under which the urban poor live and work D. corruption within the executive branch of government

B. African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it.

"Poverty and ignorance have affected the black man just as they affect the white man. They have made him untruthful, intemperate, selfish, caused him to steal, to be cheated, and made the outcast of society, and he has aspired to positions which he was not mentally and morally capable of filling. But the day is breaking, and education will bring the complete light. The scales of prejudice are beginning to drop from the eyes of the dominant classes South, and through their clearer and more intelligent vision they are beginning to see and recognize the mighty truth that wealth, happiness, and permanent prosperity will only come in proportion as the hand, head, and heart of both races are educated and Christianized." —Booker T. Washington, "The Educational Outlook in the South," July 16, 1884 What opinion does Washington express about the equal rights movement for African Americans? A. African Americans must demand to receive equal treatment under the law. B. African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it. C. The equal rights movement for African Americans is vital for everyone's well being. D. The equal rights movement for African Americans has made little hope for progress.

What nickname was given to Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative?

"Star Wars"

every worker contributes to the growth of the economy.

"The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer... The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain."—William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech In this excerpt from his speech, Bryan is implying that a. businessmen have exploited small rural farmers b. every worker contributes to the growth of the economy. c. employers are more important than their employees d. workers create more wealth than businessmen

C. the New Freedom.

"The man with only a little capital is finding it harder and harder to get into the field, more and more impossible to compete with the big fellow. Why? Because the laws of this country do not prevent the strong from crushing the weak." — Woodrow Wilson, 1913 The idea that President Wilson explained was the basis of a program he called A. the Fair Deal. B. the Square Deal. C. the New Freedom. D. he New Nationalism.

D. Theodore Roosevelt.

"[T]hey followed their leader up the terrible hill from whose crest the desperate Spaniards poured down a deadly fire of shell and musketry. They never faltered. . . . [T]heir aim was splendid, their coolness was superb. . . . The war had not shown greater heroism." —War correspondent, 1898 In this text, the correspondent describes the soldiers who were under the command of A. George Dewey. B. Alfred T. Mahan. C. José Martí. D. Theodore Roosevelt.

B. Those stories are misleading.

"The visitor [to St. Louis] is told of the wealth of the residents, of the financial strength of the banks, and of the growing importance of the industries; yet he sees poorly paved, refuse-burdened streets, and dusty or mud-covered alleys; he passes a ramshackle firetrap crowded with the sick and learns that it is the City Hospital. . . . Finally, he turns a tap in the hotel to see liquid mud flow into [the] wash basin or bathtub." — Lincoln Steffens and Claude Wetmore, "Corruption and Reform in St. Louis," McClure's Magazine, October 1902 According to Steffens and Wetmore, what best describes the often positive stories visitors are told about St. Louis before they come to the city? A. Those stories are entirely accurate. B. Those stories are misleading. C. Those stories are entirely wrong. D. Those stories are unnecessarily negative.

Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen.

"There are three great crops raised in Nebraska. One is the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who sweat and toil to farm the land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their bank counters and farm the farmers."—Farmers' Alliance, 1890 What opinion does this quote imply? a. significant economic disparity exists in Nebraska b. farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen c. railroads are necessary to the farming industry d. transportation and commerce help Nebraska's economy

allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life.

"There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . ."—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 In this quote, Helen Hunt Jackson is giving her support to a. the passage of the Dawes General Allotment Act b. assimilation of the Native Americans into national life c. providing modern education to Native American children d. allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life

B. moral diplomacy.

"We must prove ourselves [Latin America's] friends and champions upon terms of equality and honor. . . . We must show ourselves friends by comprehending their interest, whether it squares with our own interest or not. . . . Comprehension must be the soil in which shall grow all the fruits of friendship. . . . I mean the development of constitutional liberty in the world." —Woodrow Wilson, October 27, 1913 In this message, President Wilson described the form of diplomacy he supported, also known as A. dollar diplomacy. B. moral diplomacy. C. imperialist diplomacy. D. big stick diplomacy.

assimilation into mainstream culture

"When we cease to teach the Indian that he is less than a man; when we recognize fully that he is capable in all respects as we are, and that he only needs the opportunities and privileges which we possess to enable him to assert his humanity and manhood; when we act consistently towards him in accordance with that recognition; when we cease to fetter him to conditions which keep him in bondage, surrounded by retrogressive influences; when we allow him the freedom of association and the developing influences of social contact—then the Indian will quickly demonstrate that he can be truly civilized, and he himself will solve the question of what to do with the Indian."—Captain Richard H. Pratt, 1892 In this statement, Captain Pratt is most likely advocating which of the following for the Native Americans? a. an allotment program for land b. a treaty ending violent conflict c. involuntary relocation to reservations d. assimilation into mainstream culture

A. suffered discrimination in many industries.

"[Mexican Americans] are now employed to a considerable extent in the coal mines of Colorado and New Mexico, in the ore mines of Colorado and Arizona, in the smelters of Arizona, in the cement factories of Colorado and California, . . . and in fruit growing and canning in California. . . . Where they are employed in other industries, the same wage discrimination against them as was noted in the case of railroad employees is generally apparent." —Samuel Bryan, The Survey, September 1912 According to this quotation, Mexican Americans A. suffered discrimination in many industries. B. had mostly moved to urban areas by the 1920s. C. were employed in large numbers across the United States. D. received wages that were as low as those of other workers of the time.

Which of the following was NOT a government or business leader of the Gilded Age?

Booker T. Washington

What effect did President Reagan expect his economic policies to have on America?

Americans would have more money to spend and save because taxes were lowered

What had Ronald Reagan been before he entered politics?

An actor

Which of the following fought prejudice against Jewish people?

Anti-Defamation League

"I didn't raise my boy to be a soldier, I brought him up to be my pride and joy. Who dares place a musket on his shoulder, To shoot some other mother's darling boy?" This excerpt from a popular song of 1915 expresses American _____. a. prowar enthusiasm c. antiwar feeling b. dislike of Germany d. patriotism

Antiwar feeling

What South African policy barred voting by the nonwhite majority?

Apartheid

Based on the time line, who beat Ford in the 1976 presidential election? a. Clinton b. Reagan c. Nixon d. Carter

Carter

How did the U.S. government encourage American industry in the late nineteenth century? A. by enforcing the Fourteenth Amendment B. by enacting protective tariffs C. by subsidizing the steel industry D. by passing laws to protect workers

B. by enacting protective tariffs

To which industry in the late 1800s does this political cartoon allude? A. agriculture B. journalism C. music D. steel

B. journalism

Which of the following did the National Reclamation Act of 1902 led to? A. the coal miners' strike of 1902 B. the construction of the Hoover Dam C. the preservation of Yellowstone National Park D. the use of water-sharing systems in the western states

B. the construction of the Hoover Dam

Who was the baseball player whose record of 60 home runs in 1927 would stand for 34 years? a. Gertrude Ederle c. Babe Ruth b. Jack Dempsey d. Bobby Jones

Babe Ruth

B. American Samoa

Based on information in the topic and on this map, which U.S. territory was acquired after the Spanish-American War? A. Alaska Territory B. American Samoa C. Johnston Island D. Midway Island

"When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing."—Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 The Square Deal that President Roosevelt describes insured that small business owners would

Be given fair opportunities to compete

What trend does the graph show?

Between 1870 and 1910, more children went to school and fewer children worked.

Although the Nixon denied White House involvement, newspaper reporters _____ published a series of articles linking the Watergate burglary to the Nixon campaign. a. Ronald Ziegler and James McCord b. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein c. John Dean and Sam Ervin d. John Sirica and Archibald Cox

Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein

"Ten dollars a week was to him a fortune. . . . Indeed, he would have been glad, only the day before, to get a place at three dollars a week. . . . Then he was to be advanced if he deserved it. It was indeed a bright prospect for a boy who, only a year before, could neither read nor write. . . . Dick's great ambition to "grow up 'spectable" seemed likely to be accomplished after all."—Horatio Alger, 1868 The works of Horatio Alger promoted the idea that-- A. life in the cities was preferable to rural life B. workers were being exploited by industrialists C. anyone could become successful with hard work D. children in the workforce deserved better treatment

C. anyone could become successful with hard work

What was one strategy used by the National Women's Party to secure passage of the Nineteenth Amendment? A. passage of the 1917 referendum in New York B. recruiting wealthy women to gain more publicity C. hunger strikes and picketing D. newspaper campaigns and letters to the President

C. hunger strikes and picketing

"Go into any of the 'respectable' tenement neighborhoods . . . you shall come away agreeing [that] . . . life there does not seem worth living. . . . [T]he airshaft. . . . seems always so busy letting out foul stenches . . . that it has no time to earn its name by bringing down fresh air. . . ."—Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives In this paragraph, Riis drew attention to the A. political conditions in large cities. B. economic conditions in large cities. C. living conditions of the urban poor. D. working conditions of urban workers.

C. living conditions of the urban poor.

"[Rockefeller's company] killed its rivals, in brief, by getting the great trunk lines to refuse to give them transportation. Vanderbilt is reported to have said that there was but one man—Rockefeller—who could dictate to him."—H. D. Lloyd, The Atlantic, 1881 In this text, Lloyd describes how John D. Rockefeller built an oil-- A. cartel B. corporation C. monopoly D. trust

C. monopoly

Which problem was the muckraker Upton Sinclair most concerned to expose? A. child labor in the oil industry B. the personal struggles of African Americans in urban environments C. poor working conditions in American factories D. political corruption in Congress and the judiciary

C. poor working conditions in American factories

"Meanwhile they live in a place of infernal dins. The crash and thunder of the machinery is like the roar of an immense cataract. The room shrieks and blares and bellows. Down in the midst of it sit these tiny urchins, where they earn fifty-five cents a day each. They breathe this atmosphere until their lungs grow heavy and sick with it. But they are uncowed; they continue to swagger. And at the top of the 'breaker' laborers can always be seen dumping the roaring coal down the wide, voracious maw of the creature."—Stephen Crane, "In the Depths of a Coal Mine," 1894 Crane describes young coal miners as mistreated but nonetheless A. happy B. healthy C. proud D. satisfied

C. proud

"They came in decrepit [broken-down], square-shouldered [cars] . . . that looked like relics of some antique culture . . . piled high with mattresses and cooking utensils and children, with suitcases, jugs and sacks strapped to the running boards." This passage describes the appearance of newly arriving migrant farm workers, or "Okies," from the Dust Bowl region. To which state did they migrate? a. Oklahoma b. Colorado c. California d. Kansas

California

"America's present need is not heroics, but healing." -Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio Expressing a sentiment similar to the one in this passage, Harding, used a word for which he became famous. He felt America needed a return to "normalcy," or _____. a. pioneer life c. more social reform b. calm and stability d. virtuous behavior

Calm and Stability

"The chief business of the American people is business. . . The man who builds a factory builds a temple." Which president felt the government should actively support business, as he declared in this famous quotation? a. Warren G. Harding c. Calvin Coolidge b. William McKinley d. Robert La Follette

Calvin Coolidge

President Carter assumed the role of peacemaker to negotiate which of the following between Israel and Egypt? a. Geneva Accords b. Peace of Paris c. Camp David Accords d. Treaty of Versailles

Camp David Accords

As a result of the Persian Gulf War of 1991

Iraq was forced to withdraw from Kuwait

In 1992, Bill Clinton campaigned on the idea that government was important but should be more efficient in order to attract both

Conservative and liberal voters

What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe about African Americans and racial relations in the United States? A. African Americans should use violence in their fight for civil rights. B. African Americans would eventually be granted rights if they waited patiently. C. Prejudice against African Americans was equally severe throughout the nation. D. African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law.

D. African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law.

What happened to Cuba and Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War? A. Cuba gained its independence; Puerto rico was later partial control of its government. B. Cuba was occupied; Puerto Rico gained independence. C. Cuba and Puerto Rico gained their independence through the Teller Amendment. D. Cuba became independent but the Platt Amendment tied it to the United States; Puerto Rico became a territory.

D. Cuba became independent but the Platt Amendment tied it to the United States; Puerto Rico became a territory.

What did Alexander Graham Bell's most famous invention contribute to life in the late 1800s? A. His invention opened up a new entertainment industry. B. His invention were among the first products advertised in catalogs. C. His invention created a better way to communicate with transatlantic ocean liners. D. His invention helped make communication between households and businesses more efficient

D. His invention helped make communication between households and businesses more efficient

What was the main reason for the drop in cotton prices between 1865 and 1890? A. Other crops became more popular in the textile industry. B. The boll weevil decimated the southern states' cotton supply. C. The southern states could not export as much cotton to the North. D. Mills in Europe found cheaper sources for cotton.

D. Mills in Europe found cheaper sources for cotton.

According to the information on this map, if a train station in Cheyenne's clock reads 10:00, it would be 12:00 at a train station in A. Fargo. B. Las Vegas. C. Memphis. D. Richmond.

D. Richmond.

What did Bill Clinton mean when he described himself as a "New Democrat?"

He would steer a middle course between liberalism and conservatism

In 1928, who predicted the imminent "final triumph over poverty?" a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. Calvin Coolidge c. Herbert Hoover d. Charles Lindbergh

Herbert Hoover

. . The major phenomena of the depression were mostly negative and did not assail the eye. "But if you knew where to look, some of them would begin to appear. First, the breadlines in the poorer districts. Second, those bleak settlements ironically known as _____ in the outskirts of the cities and on vacant lots—groups of makeshift shacks constructed out of packing boxes, scrap iron, anything that could be picked up free in a diligent combing of the city dumps: shacks in which men and sometimes whole families of evicted people were sleeping on automobile seats carried from auto-graveyards, warming themselves before fires of rubbish in grease drums. Third, the homeless people sleeping in doorways or on park benches, . . ." -Frederick Lewis Allen, Since Yesterday Which word correctly fills in the blank for this passage describing the Great Depression? a. hangouts b. settlement houses c. Hoovervilles d. homeless shelters

Hoovervilles

He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning.

How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era? a. he toured the nation, doing his own campaigning. b. he came from an impoverished rural background c. he pledged to lead a corruption-free administration d. he argued against the golf standard, supporting silver instead

In December 1998, the House of Representatives voted to

Impeach Bill Clinton

This political cartoon suggests that during President McKinley term in office, the United States was becoming increasingly

Imperialistic

B. California laws restricted their right to own land.

In what way did California laws especially threaten Japanese immigrant farmers such as these? A. California laws threatened them with deportation. B. California laws restricted their right to own land. C. California laws restricted their right to sell crops. D. California laws restricted their right to enter into the labor market.

Iranian students held hostages in a. Israel. b. Iraq. c. Iran d. India.

Iran

Which of the following occurred during the Reagan administration?

Iran-Contra affair

Which country did the United States and other nations force out of Kuwait in 1991?

Iraq

How did the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 affect Mexican immigrants in the U.S.? a. It required that all illegal immigrants register for temporary worker visas or risk deportation. b. It tightened immigration restrictions and reduced the number of immigrants coming into the U.S. dramatically. c. It eliminated national quotas for immigrants and led to a surge in immigration from Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s. d. It led to the deportation of thousands of Mexican immigrants who had come to the U.S. under the bracero program in the 1940s and 1950s.

It eliminated national quotas for immigrants and led to a surge in immigration from Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s.

What was the purpose of the Wagner Act? a. It outlawed labor unions. b. It guaranteed workers the right to organize. c. It outlawed deficit spending. d. It shortened the standard work week.

It guaranteed workers the right to organize

The Brady Bill, signed by Bill Clinton in 1993, did which of the following?

It kept known criminals from buying guns

What did the SALT treaty do? a. It united Korea as a democratic republic. b. It restricted the building of nuclear missiles by the United States and the Soviet Union. c. It opened the Great Wall of China to international tourism. d. It restored the alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union.

It restricted the building of nuclear missiles by the United States and the Soviet Union.

What criticism did some conservatives have of the New Deal? a. It did not go far enough in helping the poor. b. It did nothing to relieve overworked judges. c. It went too far in regulating businesses. d. Government pensions were not large enough.

It went too far in regulating businesses.

"He taught [African Americans] to admire and praise black things and black people." This quotation from an African American newspaper article in the 1920s characterizes the accomplishments of _____. a. Countee Cullen c. Marcus Garvey b. Frederick Douglass d. Duke Ellington

Marcus Garvey

Congressional legislation that reduces government regulation of automobile production in the United States stems from

The conservative belief that limiting regulation will promote economic growth.

In the text you read this about President Reagan's military buildup: Reagan supported this massive military buildup, in part, because he did not believe that the Soviet Union could afford to spend as much on defense as the United States could. Reagan felt this applied particularly to the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a proposed program in which land and space-based lasers would destroy any missiles aimed at the United States before they could reach their targets. Some dubbed the missile program "Star Wars," after the popular science-fiction movie trilogy, and claimed that it was unrealistic. What did President Reagan believe would be a result of the Strategic Defense Iniatiative?

It would lead to the Soviet Union being economically bankrupt

Based on this map, which island was likely least affected by the naval blockade put in place by the United States?

Jamaica

Who was the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs who introduced the Indian New Deal? a. Ralph Bunche b. Mary McLeod Bethune c. John Collier d. Frances Perkins

John Collier

"Last Friday, Noriega declared his military dictatorship to be in a state of war with the United States and publicly threatened the lives of Americans. . . The very next day, forces under his command shot and killed an unarmed American serviceman; wounded another; arrested and brutally beat a third American serviceman; and then brutally interrogated his wife, threatening her with sexual abuse. That was enough. General Noriega's reckless threats and attacks upon Americans . . . created an imminent danger to the 35,000 American citizens. . . . As President, I have no higher obligation than to safeguard the lives of American citizens. And that is why I directed our Armed Forces to protect the lives of American citizens . . . and to bring General Noriega to justice in the United States."—George H.W. Bush, December 20, 1989 In this address, President Bush is

Justifying the U.S. invasion of Panama

"I learned that not everything in America was what it seemed to be. I discovered, for instance, that a spare tire could be filled with substances other than air, . . . and that the Teddy Bears that suddenly acquired tremendous popularity among the ladies very often had hollow metal stomachs. " 'But,' it might be asked, 'where do all these people get the _____?' Very simple. Prohibition has created a new, a universally respected, a well-beloved, and a very profitable occupation, that of the bootlegger who takes care of the importation of the forbidden _____. . . ." -a German visitor to the United States in 1927 Which word best fills in the blanks for this passage about the Prohibition era? a. cash c. chocolate b. liquor d. opinions

Liquor

Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union

Lost interest in supporting unpopular Communist leaders in Eastern Europe

Which of the following best summarizes he information shown in the graph?

Lynching increase with the start of the Jim Crow era and then declined slowly

"The selling pressure was . . . coming from everywhere. The wires to other cities were jammed with frantic orders to sell. So were the cables, radio, and telephones to Europe and the rest of the world. Buyers were very few, sometimes wholly absent." -Jonathan Norton Leonard, journalist This excerpt describes the panic selling of stock shares on October 29, 1929. Which statement best explains why people were desperate to sell their stocks? a. Share prices were rising very quickly, so stock owners wanted to collect their big profits right away. b. Experienced investors were selling large amounts of stock; thousands of other stockholders followed their lead. c. Share prices were falling very rapidly, completely destroying the value of many stocks d. Speculators were making vast fortunes, and many people feared that they would lose out on the stock bonanza

Share prices were falling very rapidly, completely destroying the value of many stocks

What strategy did Catt devise to win women's suffrage?

She worked to win suffrage state by state as well as nationally

"Let us all be frank. WE DO NOT WANT THE FILIPINOS. WE DO WANT THE PHILIPPINES. All of our troubles in this annexation matter have been caused by the presence in the Philippine Islands of the Filipinos. . . . The more of them killed the better. It seems harsh. But they must yield before the superior race." —San Francisco Argonaut, 1902 This statement is most consistent with which philosophy or movement?

Social Darwinism

What act provided monthly pensions for retired people? a. WPA b. Revenue Act c. Towsend Act d. Social Security Act

Social Security Act

The conservative agenda included all of the following except

Social programs for the poor

What were some of the negative consequences of the hippies' free, uninhibited lifestyle? a. The international community began to take the American government less seriously. b. Some drug abuse and crime were associated with large hippie populations. c. So many people living in communes meant American industrial production dropped significantly. d. So much media attention was given to the hippie movement that the civil rights movement was largely ignored.

Some drug abuse and crime were associated with large hippie populations.

According to the map, which of the following states was not supplied with power by the Tennessee Valley Authority? a. South Carolina b. Georgia c. Alabama d. Mississippi

South Carolina

What New Deal program built dams to provide cheap electricity in some Southern states? a. SEC b. PWA c. CCC d. TVA

TVA

Which item became a symbol of corruption in the Harding administration? a. log cabin c. railroad car b. Teapot Dome d. Model T

Teapot Dome

The Reagan administration rapidly increased spending on

The American military

"The blaze of revolution was sweeping over every American institution of law and order, burning up the foundations of society." -Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer The Palmer raids, as justified in this quotation, were part of _____, a wave of fear in America following the Russian Revolution that came during the early 1920s. a. Teapot Dome c. Anarchism b. the Red Scare d. the Ohio Gang

The Red Scare

Wilson asked Congress this question when he presented _____ to them in July 1919. a. the Treaty of Paris c. the Treaty of Versailles b. the League of Nations Declaration d. the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Versailles

weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation.

The U.S. government outlawed practices such as this traditional Native American ceremony in order to a. prevent conflict bw rival tribes b. weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation c. to make reservations more hospitable for land speculators d. make it more difficult for Native Americans to enter mainstream society

In what way does this image represent a source of financial burden caused by the Cold War?

The United States and the Soviet Union both launched expensive missiles into space to test the other country's defense system

"If history teaches anything, it teaches self-delusion in the face of unpleasant facts is folly. We see around us today the marks of our terrible dilemma—predictions of doomsday, antinuclear demonstrations, an arms race in which the West must, for its own protection, be an unwilling participant. At the same time we see totalitarian forces in the world who seek subversion and conflict around the globe to further their barbarous assault on the human spirit. What, then, is our course? Must civilization perish in a hail of fiery atoms? Must freedom wither in a quiet, deadening accommodation with totalitarian evil?"—Ronald Reagan, June 8, 1982 The purpose of this excerpt from President Reagan's famous "Evil Empire" speech is to urge that

The United States must stand up to the brutal regime in the U.S.S.R

What did the oil embargo of 1973 reveal about the U.S. economy? a. The United States was heavily dependent on foreign oil. b. The economy was stronger than anyone had realized. c. The economy was trapped in stagflation. d. The United States was producing more oil than it needed.

The United States was heavily dependent on foreign oil.

What policies likely contributed to the trend in U.S. trade with South Africa, shown in the graphic below, during the late 1980s?

The United States' anti-apartheid sanctions against South Africa

These women have gathered to promote

The banning of alcohol sale and production

What action or event led to the end of the Cold War

The break up of the Soviet Union

Which of these best describes the "Americanization" strategy recommended by Robert McNamara and William Westmoreland? a. having American forces take on a more active role in the Vietnam War b. using American popular culture and consumer goods to lure North Vietnamese away from communism c. providing the South Vietnamese forces with the latest in American military technology and training d. gaining the trust of the South Vietnamese people by setting up an American-style democratic government

a. having American forces take on a more active role in the Vietnam War

" . . . After full consultation with the National Security Council, Ambassador Bunker, General Abrams, and my other advisers, I have concluded that the actions of the enemy in the last 10 days clearly endanger the lives of Americans who are in Vietnam now and would constitute an unacceptable risk to those who will be there after withdrawal of another 150,000. "To protect our men who are in Vietnam and to guarantee the continued success of our withdrawal and Vietnamization programs, I have concluded that the time has come for action. . . . "North Vietnam in the last two weeks has stripped away all pretense of respecting the sovereignty or the neutrality of Cambodia. Thousands of their soldiers are invading the country from the sanctuaries . . ." -President Richard M. Nixon, April 30, 1970 When President Nixon announced the invasion of Cambodia on nationwide television, antiwar activists responded with _____. a. nationwide protest demonstrations b. enthusiastic support rallies c. massive army enlistments d. expressions of vague discontent

a. nationwide protest demonstrations

The NAACP worked to end a. segregation b. civil rights c. integration d. boycotting

a. segregation

One of the primary reasons that the United States could not fully win the Vietnam War was a. the United States employed conventional warfare techniques in an unconventional war b. American military forces were inexperienced and understaffed c. Congress would not allocate sufficient funds to finance the war d. the United States refused to bomb North Vietnam e. American forces won few of the major battles

a. the United States employed conventional warfare techniques in an unconventional war

What feature on the map best explains why the United States was unwilling to commit to a full-scale ground war in North Vietnam? a. the country's close proximity to China b. the country's close proximity to the Gulf of Tonkin c. the bottleneck near the border between North and South Vietnam d. the lack of a direct inland waterway between North and South Vietnam

a. the country's close proximity to China

1882

according to the information in the graph, in which year was legislation most likely passed to limit Chinese immigration to the United States? a. 1870 b. 1876 c. 1882 d. 1888

What was the "significant achievement" of the Camp David meeting? a. signed peace treaties between Egypt, Israel and several other Middle Eastern nations b. agreements to work together for economic development and trade expansion in the Middle East c. agreements about peace treaties between Egypt and Israel and for peace in the Middle East d. preliminary agreements to discuss the creation of a new Palestinian nation's boundaries

agreements about peace treaties between Egypt and Israel and for peace in the Middle East

Defense agreements among nations are called a. nationalism. c. alliance systems. b. ententes. d. ethnic groups.

alliance systems

What did President Carter offer to men who had illegally avoided military service during the Vietnam War? a. pardons b. free land c. amnesty d. prison terms

amnesty

"We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secured once for all against their recurrence. What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression. All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest . . ." -"Fourteen Points" address to Congress, 1918 This passage, from a speech to Congress by President Woodrow Wilson, indicates that United States diplomacy has changed to _____. a. an interest in the welfare of all peoples throughout the world b. a desire to remain isolated from other counties c. an awareness of problems in South America d. a willingness to economically assist only European nations

an interest in the welfare of all people throughout the world

" . . .Sometimes Mrs. Roosevelt seems so naive that you wonder whether it isn't something just a little more subtle. When anyone who has spent a lifetime in politics seems naive, watch out. It is the most baffling technique in the business, and so completely disarming . . . "Mrs. Roosevelt may be gullible and naive, but when she throws her heart into a cause she works at it with persistent skill. She is a most effective and formidable propagandist. "She was one of the first to take an interest in the Okies of California, long before The Grapes of Wrath was published. She visited the miserable Okie camps and called the attention of the nation to them. . . ." -Raymond Clapper, Washington journalist In this excerpt, the writer feels that Eleanor Roosevelt _____. a. is gullible and naïve b. has done little for the Okies c. appears naïve but is very effective d. has a good heart but no political skills

appears naïve but is very effective

What is this an illustration of? a. water-powered mill c. power plant b. assembly line d. artesian well

assembly line

"It is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. . . . To separate [students] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority . . . that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be ever undone." —Chief Justice Earl Warren (1954) In this statement, Chief Justice Warren is referencing the Supreme Court's majority opinion in a. Plessy v. Ferguson. b. Brown v. Board of Education. c. Tinker v. Des Moines School District. d. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents.

b. Brown v. Board of Education

In the text you read this about how the Vietnam War divided the nation: Beginning in 1967, Congress—and eventually most of the nation—divided into two camps: hawks and doves. The mostly conservative hawks supported Johnson's war policy. Believing strongly in the containment of communism and the domino theory, they accepted rising troop levels, escalating costs, and increasing numbers of battlefield deaths. For the hawks, Vietnam was a crucial front in the Cold War. Doves, however, broke with Johnson's war policy. A diverse group that included liberal politicians, pacifists, student radicals, and civil rights leaders, doves questioned the war on both moral and strategic grounds. For them, the conflict was a localized civil war, not a vital Cold War battleground. What does the text above tell us about President Johnson's political standing in 1968? a. By 1968, Johnson had alienated the Republican party further than ever. b. By 1968, Johnson had difficulty maintaining the support of his own party. c. By 1968, Johnson was able to find common ground between the two parties. d. By 1968, Johnson had further solidified his standing with his Democratic base

b. By 1968, Johnson had difficulty maintaining the support of his own party.

Richard M. Nixon ordered the bombing of enemy supply routes in Laos and a. South Vietnam. b. Cambodia c. Thailand. d. China.

b. Cambodia

What was the first foreign crisis President John F. Kennedy faced? a. Vietnam b. Cuba c. Laos d. Cambodia

b. Cuba

Who ran as a third-party candidate in the 1968 presidential race? a. Robert F. Kennedy b. Eugene McCarthy c. George C. Wallace d. Hubert H. Humphrey

b. Eugene McCarthy

Why did the United States ultimately decide to support the French rather than Ho Chi Minh's forces in the Indochina War? a. The U.S. generally supported colonial powers like France. b. The U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism in Asia. c. The U.S. had a policy of not getting directly involved in Asian conflicts. d. The U.S. feared that France's nuclear stockpile might fall into the wrong hands.

b. The U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism in Asia.

What group investigated John F. Kennedy's assassination? a. Kennedy Commission b. Warren Commission c. Oswald's Committee d. Assassination Committee

b. Warren Commission

The arrest of Rosa Parks led to a. sit-in lunch counters b. a boycott of city buses c. riots in Watts d. integrations of schools

b. a boycott of city buses

The Equal Pay Act, sponsored by the Kennedy administration, aimed to benefit which working group most? a. African Americans b. Mexican Americans c. war veterans d. women

d. women

The Missile Gap was in essence a growing perception in the West, especially in the USA, that the Soviet Union was quickly developing an intercontinental range ballistic missile (ICBM) capability earlier, in greater numbers, and with far more capability than that of the United States. Even as that perception was disproved, it became evident that the Soviets were placing their major effort toward developing strategic missiles against which, once launched, there was no defense. The perceived missile gap that ensued was based on a comparison between US ICBM strength as then programmed, and reasonable, although erroneous estimates of prospective Soviet ICBM strength that were generally accepted. —Central Intelligence Agency Library What was President Kennedy's response to the perceived "missile gap" between the U.S. and Soviet Union? a. He adopted a "massive retaliation" policy focused on stockpiling nuclear weapons. b. He adopted a "flexible response" policy to prepare the military for any type of conflict. c. He used harsh economic sanctions in order to hinder the Soviets' ability to produce nuclear arms. d. He used diplomacy to reach an agreement in which both sides reduced their nuclear stockpiles.

b. He adopted a "flexible response" policy to prepare the military for any type of conflict.

". . . Tonight I renew the offer I made in August—to stop the bombardment of North Vietnam. We ask that talks begin promptly, that they be serious talks on the substance of peace. . . . "There is division in the American house now. There is divisiveness among us all tonight. . . . "Accordingly, I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President. . . ." -President Lyndon B. Johnson, televised national address, March 31, 1968 What were some of the reasons for Johnson's decision not to run for re-election in 1968? a. He feared running against Eugene McCarthy or Robert F. Kennedy for the Democratic nomination. b. He was disturbed by the direction of events in Vietnam and the increasing antiwar protests in the U.S. c. He felt the increasingly high cost of Vietnam was interfering with his plans for domestic programs. d. He found it difficult to gather enough support in Congress to push through his domestic social programs.

b. He was disturbed by the direction of events in Vietnam and the increasing antiwar protests in the U.S.

You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a disintegration that would have the most profound influences. What point is President Eisenhower making here with his domino analogy? a. Vietnam is merely the latest in a chain reaction of colonies seeking independence that began decades ago. b. If Vietnam were to fall to the communists, it would only be a matter of time before its neighbors followed suit. c. When free elections are established in one country, the seeds of democracy are planted in its neighboring countries as well. d. There is no point supporting one colonial government when others are undergoing decolonization.

b. If Vietnam were to fall to the communists, it would only be a matter of time before its neighbors followed suit.

Based on the time line, the Cuban missile crisis occurred during the administration of which of the following presidents? a. Eisenhower b. Kennedy c. Johnson d. Nixon

b. Kennedy

The Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved when a. the United States launched an air attack on Cuba b. Kennedy accepted Khrushchev's offer to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade the island c. the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missile bases from Cuba in exchange for an agreement on arms limitation d. the U.S. Senate refused to sanction the blockade and Kennedy had to remove the "quarantine" e. the United States invaded Cuba with a force of Cuban exiles

b. Kennedy accepted Khrushchev's offer to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade the island

The Warren Commission reviewed the Kennedy assassination and concluded that a. Kennedy was killed on orders from Castro b. Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin and acted alone c. the Soviet Union financed the assassination plot d. the CIA participated in the plot to kill Kennedy e. the assassination was planned by organized crime

b. Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin and acted alone

"The Americans thought that the more bombs they dropped, the quicker we would fall to our knees and surrender. But the bombs heightened, rather than dampened, our spirit." his quotation is from a statement by _____ a. an American journalist b. a North Vietnamese leader c. a South Vietnamese official d. Robert McNamara

b. North Vietnamese leader

The American commitment in Vietnam increased substantially when a. President Eisenhower sent military forces into combat to aid Diem b. President Johnson asked for and Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution c. President Nixon initiated "Vietnamization" d. President Kennedy sent the Special Forces into Vietnam e. President Truman ordered an attack of North Vietnam

b. President Johnson asked for and Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Who was the secretary of defense sent to Vietnam on a fact-finding mission? a. Robert F. Kennedy b. Robert McNamara c. Eugene McCarthy d. Henry Kissinger

b. Robert McNamara

Which of the following is an example of nonviolent protest? a. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech before the MIA b. Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat c. the endorsement of the "Southern Manifesto" d. the NAACP's lobbying to make lynching a federal crime

b. Rosa Parks refusal to give up her bus seat

Who was the governor who tried to block the entrance of James Meredith into the University of Mississippi? a. Orval Faubus b. Ross Barnett c. Robert Kennedy d. George Wallace

b. Ross Barnett

"The Viet Cong will probably withdraw from the cities, as they were forced to withdraw from the American Embassy. Thousands of them will be dead. But they will, nevertheless, have demonstrated that no part or person of South Vietnam is secure from their attacks: neither district capitals nor American bases, neither the peasant in his rice paddy nor our ambassadors nor the commanding general of our own great forces. . . . " . . . We will find no guide to the future in Vietnam unless we are bold enough to strip away the illusions and to confront the grim anguish, the reality of that battlefield which was once a nation called South Vietnam. . . . It is time for the truth." -Robert Kennedy, February 8, 1968 This excerpt from a speech right after the _____ Offensive implies that the truth is that _____. a. Hanoi; the U.S. is winning the Vietnam War b. Tet; the U.S. may not win the Vietnam War c. Da Nang; the Vietnam War will end soon d. Cambodian; the Viet Cong are about to surrender

b. Tet; the U.S. may not win the Vietnam War

". . . Neither the United States of America nor the world community of nations can tolerate deliberate deception and offensive threats on the part of any nation, large or small. We no longer live in a world where only the actual firing of weapons represents a sufficient challenge to a nation's security to constitute maximum peril. Nuclear weapons are so destructive and ballistic missiles are so swift that any substantially increased possibility of their use or any sudden change in their deployment may well be regarded as a definite threat to peace. . . ." -President John F. Kennedy, address to the nation, October 22, 1962 This passage refers to a major Cold War confrontation about _____ in _____. a. submarines, the China Sea b. missiles, Cuba c. spy planes, the Atlantic d. atomic tests, Siberia

b. missiles, Cuba

One of the legacies of the Great Society was high budget deficits that were caused by a. decreased tax revenues and an unfavorable balance of trade b. rapidly rising government expenditures c. American dependence upon foreign manufactured and agricultural goods d. the decreasing rate of economic growth e. the refusal to implement a tax cut

b. rapidly rising government expenditures

"We believe since we buy books and papers in the other part of the store, we should get served in this part." -February 1, 1960 This remark, made to a waitress in a store in Greensboro, North Carolina, by an African American student sitting at a "whites-only" lunch counter, began a _____ protest against segregation. a. boycott b. sit-in c. school d. bus

b. sit-in

J. William Fulbright (1905-1995) holds the record as the longest-serving chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, from 1959 to 1974. Elected to the Senate in 1944, he sponsored the Fulbright Scholars Act, creating Fulbright scholarships for Americans to study abroad, and for foreign scholars to study in the United States. In 1964, as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, Fulbright managed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave President Lyndon Johnson sweeping powers to respond to military provocation in South Vietnam. Later, troubled over the gradual escalation of the war in Vietnam, Fulbright held nationally televised "educational" hearings on Vietnam, bringing the Arkansas senator to national attention. He publicly challenged the "old myths and new realities" of American foreign policy, and warned against "the arrogance of power." Fulbright's hearings on Vietnam showed how a. the hawks were dominating broadcasting. b. television was shaping public opinion. c. the domino theory was now widely accepted. d. war supporters were losing ground in Congress.

b. television was shaping public opinion.

"Freedom riders" in the early 1960s aimed at a. the integration of public schools b. the desegregation of bus stations c. an end to discrimination in employment d. the promotion of voting rights for all e. the injustice of lynchings

b. the desegregation of bus stations

What is considered a strong reason that Americans turned against the Vietnam War? a. the popularity of the "hawk" position b. the images of the war broadcast on television c. the sit-ins and draft-card burnings d. conscientious objectors

b. the images of the war broadcast on television

What was the main purpose of the 1963 March on Washington? a. to increase membership in the NAACP b. to focus attention on Kennedy's proposed civil rights bill c. to prove that 250,000 people could assemble peacefully d. to recruit volunteers for the Freedom Riders

b. to focus attention of Kennedy's proposed civil rights bill

". . .The proper use of the powers of the executive branch to enforce the orders of a federal court is limited to extraordinary and compelling circumstances. Manifestly, such an extreme situation has been created in Little Rock. This challenge must be met and with such measures as will preserve to the people as a whole their lawfully protected rights in a climate permitting their free and fair exercise. "The overwhelming majority of our people in every section of the country are united in their respect for observance of the law—even in those cases where they may disagree with that law. . . ." In this excerpt from a 1957 speech by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the nation, the "measures" the president mentions that he took were _____. a. to close the school and send the students home b. to send hundreds of federal soldiers to patrol the school grounds and protect the African American students c. to remove martial law in Little Rock and institute a curfew d. to overrule the Arkansas state legislature and jail hundreds of protesters without bail

b. to send hundreds of federal soldiers to patrol the school ground and protect the African American students

In foreign affairs, perhaps Nixon's greatest accomplishment was a. abandoning realpolitik, or practical politics. b. bringing about détente with the Soviet Union and with China. c. establishing the People's Republic of China. d. ending the Vietnam War with a resounding American victory.

bringing about détente with the Soviet Union and with China.

What lawyer decided to challenge the idea of "separate but equal"? a. Malcolm X b. Stokely Carmichael c. Martin Luther King, Jr. d. Thurgood Marshall

d. Thurgood Marshall

Based on the table, in which year did a human first land on the moon? a. 1959 b. 1961 c. 1963 d. 1969

d. 1969

Escalation of the Vietnam War in the 1960s included all of the following steps except a. American soldiers began playing an active combat role b. American planes began bombing targets in North Vietnam c. American forces began increasing rapidly in number d. American officials began governing the country in place of the Vietnamese e. American generals began ordering more aggressive actions against the Viet Cong

d. American officials began governing the country in place of the Vietnamese

The high-water mark of peaceful interracial civil rights demonstrations was the a. 1961 "sit-in" in North Carolina b. Albany Movement of 1962 c. Selma March of 1965 d. August 1963 March on Washington, D.C. e. 1964 Freedom Summer

d. August 1963 March on Washington, D.C

"In a land of great wealth, families must not live in hopeless poverty. In a land rich in harvest, children must not go hungry. . . . In a great land of learning and scholars, young people must be taught to read and write." In this excerpt President Lyndon B. Johnson explains part of the vision for his _____ programs. a. New Frontier b. Upward Bound c. Medicare d. Great Society

d. Great Society

What was the difference between "hawks" and "doves?" a. Hawks, unlike doves, completely supported Johnson's Vietnam policy. b. Doves, unlike hawks, completely supported Johnson's Vietnam policy. c. Doves were for the Vietnam War, while hawks were against it. d. Hawks were for the Vietnam War, while doves were against it.

d. Hawks were for the Vietnam War, while doves were against it.

The chart shows responses to the question: "Do you think the United States made a mistake sending troops to fight in Vietnam?" What is the best summary of the information on the chart? a. In March 1966 a majority of Americans polled disapproved of the war. By April 1968, Americans were more evenly split, with the number of people who approved of the war somewhat higher than the number who disapproved. b. In March 1966 a majority of Americans polled approved of the war. By April 1968, Americans were more polarized, with the number of people who approved of the war significantly higher than the number who disapproved. c. In March 1966 a majority of Americans polled disapproved of the war. By April 1968, Americans were more polarized, with the number of people who disapproved of the war significantly higher than the number who approved. d. In March 1966 a majority of Americans polled approved of the war. By April 1968, Americans were more evenly split, with the number of people who disapproved of the war somewhat higher than the number who approved.

d. In March 1966 a majority of Americans polled approved of the war. By April 1968, Americans were more evenly split, with the number of people who disapproved of the war somewhat higher than the number who approved.

Miranda v. Arizona reversed the conviction of Ernesto Miranda. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the prosecution may not use statements made by a person who is being questioned by the police unless certain procedures are followed. The person in police custody must know that he or she has the right to remain silent, that anything he or she says may be used as evidence, and that he or she has the right to request an attorney. To uphold this ruling, the court established the so-called Miranda warnings, which ensure "that the individual is accorded his privilege under the Fifth Amendment." Critics of the ruling claim that Miranda makes it more difficult to fight crime. How did Johnson's Great Society change the scope of the federal government? a. It allowed the federal government to establish and run a space program. b. It authorized the federal government to conduct an in-depth study into the causes and effects of poverty. c. It gave Congress the right to pass laws more quickly and with fewer affirmative votes. d. It allowed the federal government to spend billions of dollars providing for people's needs.

d. It allowed the federal government to spend billions of dollars providing for people's needs

The major candidates for president in 1960 were a. Lyndon Johnson and Dwight Eisenhower b. Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy c. Richard Nixon and Harry Truman d. John Kennedy and Richard Nixon e. Richard Nixon and Lyndon Johnson

d. John Kennedy and Richard Nixon

When National Guard troops fired shots into the crowd, students were killed at a. Ohio University. b. Jackson State University. c. The Ohio State University. d. Kent State University.

d. Kent State University

"We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. . . . For years now I have heard the word 'Wait!' It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This 'Wait' has almost always meant 'Never.' We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists that 'justice too long delayed is justice denied.'" -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963 Which statement best describes what King means in this excerpt? a. Civil rights will gradually be achieved. b. Struggling for desegregation is excessive. c. Some day everyone will have freedom. d. Racial equality must be demanded now.

d. Racial equality must be demanded now

Who was the "silent majority" 1968 presidential candidate? a. Eugene McCarthy b. Robert F. Kennedy c. Hubert H. Humphrey d. Richard M. Nixon

d. Richard M. Nixon

The Viet Cong were a. North Vietnamese guerrillas who attacked South Vietnam b. North Vietnamese army regulars who attacked South Vietnam c. South Vietnamese guerrillas who attacked their own government d. South Vietnamese army regulars who staged a coup against their own government e. South Vietnamese guerrillas who opposed the Viet Minh

d. South Vietnamese guerrillas who attacked their own government

The people who supported Ronald Reagan's bid for the presidency most likely also supported

fiscal responsibility

"I was asleep when the first shell exploded. The earth shook and I rolled to the ground as someone hollered, 'Incoming!' . . . I shook like jelly as the shrapnel burst all around our bunker. . . . All we could do was open up with our 50-caliber and small arms. . . . I'm not sure the native people are with us. They smile at us in the daytime and their sons shoot at us at night. It's hard to spot the real enemy." -David Parks, 1967 In this passage, soldiers wake up under enemy fire during the war in ______. a. Germany b. the Philippines c. Korea d. Vietnam

d. Vietnam

President John F. Kennedy tried to convince the Soviets to agree to a. an arms race. b. a flexible response c. increasing nuclear stockpiles. d. a ban on nuclear testing.

d. a ban on nuclear testing

What did President Kennedy order in response to the missile buildup in Cuba? a. war with the Soviets b. increased draft c. invasion of Cuba d. blockade

d. blockade

"We're here because, first and foremost, we are American citizens, and we are determined to acquire our citizenship to the fullness of its meaning. We are tired—tired of being segregated and humiliated, tired of being kicked about by the brutal feet of oppression." -Martin Luther King, Jr. In this excerpt from an early speech in 1955, King made a strong impression on listeners at a meeting to organize a ______ of buses in Montgomery, Alabama. a. strike b. sabotaging c. slow-down d. boycott

d. boycott

The refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust is called a. integration b. boycotting c. segregation d. civil disobedience

d. civil disobedience

According to the chart, the Twenty-fourth Amendment was passed in order to a. facilitate racial integration in schools. b. allow better job opportunities to minorities. c. give the federal government more authority. d. increase participation in the political process.

d. increase participation in the political process

The term "judicial activism" is often applied to the act of a. interpreting the Constitution rigidly, in line with the will of the Founding Fathers. b. interpreting the Constitution in line with the will of the majority. c. interpreting the Constitution as the President sees fit. d. interpreting the Constitution flexibly, considering what best serves the public interest.

d. interpreting the Constitution flexibly, considering what best serves the public interest

Cuba hosted Soviet technicians and began military construction a. of submarine "pens" for Russian vessels b. for listening facilities to spy on American communication c. of runways for Soviet aircraft d. of nuclear missile launching sites e. in the Dominican Republic

d. of nuclear missile launching sites

President Kennedy responded to the Soviet decision to place missiles in Cuba by a. ordering a series of air strikes against the missile sites b. emphasizing diplomacy and negotiations to avoid provoking a Soviet attack on the United States c. offering Soviet leaders a public exchange whereby the United States would remove its missiles in Turkey for a Soviet missile removal from Cuba d. ordering a naval and air blockade around Cuba to prevent the missiles from arriving in Cuba e. threatening a full-scale invasion of Cuba with American ground troops

d. ordering a naval and air blockade around Cuba to prevent the missiles from arriving in Cuba

President Lyndon B. Johnson declared an unconditional war on a. Communists. b. integration. c. segregation. d. poverty.

d. poverty

The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency in 1968 indicated that the American people wanted to a. pursue social reform b. correct the ills of society c. maintain the status quo d. restore stability and law and order e. improve a struggling economy

d. restore stability and law and order

Shortly after World War II, one of the first racial barriers to fall was in a. film. b. education. c. television. d. sports.

d. sports

Which of these countries gave support to the Vietcong? a. the United States and Britain b. Germany and France c. China and the United States d. the Soviet Union and China

d. the Soviet Union and China

"The American people should be getting ready to accept . . . the prospect that the whole Vietnam effort may be doomed." -The Wall Street Journal, 1968 After which event in Vietnam did major newspapers, such as in this excerpt, openly criticize the Johnson administration? a. The Pueblo crisis b. Khe Sanh c. the march on the Pentagon d. the Tet offensive

d. the Tet offensive

The "sit-in" movement of racial protest in the early 1960s resulted in a. the sending of federal marshals to some Southern restaurants b. the creation of the Black Panthers c. the demise of student activist organizations d. the integration of some public eating facilities e. more black registered voters

d. the integration of some public eating facilities

The primary reason why the March on Washington was such an effective event in the modern civil rights movement was because a. the crowds at the Lincoln Memorial peacefully congregated without incident. b. Washington, D.C. public officials approved such a large political protest. c. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech passionately defended the civil rights movement. d. the significant media coverage increased public opinion in favor of legislation.

d. the significant media coverage increased public opinion in favor of legislation

What national disaster most directly accounted for the population decrease in the middle states shown on the map above? a. stock market crash b. dustbowl c. World War I d. Prohibition

dust bowl

"There must be room in this world for two great nations with different systems to live together and work together." The attitude of _____ is shown in this quotation from the Soviet leader Brezhnev. a. realpolitik b. détente c. balance of powers d. the Yalta Agreement

détente

In 1965, the twenty-year debate over national health care culminated in the passage of Medicare, whose recipients were to be a. welfare clients of all ages b. children who lived in rural poverty c. those who had served in the armed services or defense industries during World War II and the Korean War d. elderly Americans who were poor e. all elderly Americans regardless of need

e. all elderly Americans regardless of need

The Commission on Civil Disorders issued a report in 1968 that recommended a. increased law enforcement in the ghettos b. an end to the war on poverty c. federal legislation to protect urban dwellers d. more coercive measures to halt violence e. massive spending to improve conditions in the ghettos

e. massive spending to improve conditions in the ghettos

President Nixon's "southern strategy" included a. increasing the amount of money needed to enforce fair housing laws. b. easing guidelines for desegregation. c. encouraging the extension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. d. supporting busing of schoolchildren for purposes of integration.

easing guidelines for desegregation.

"Americans are a home-loving people. When the day's work is done and the evening meal is over, the natural desire is to remain at home; one goes out merely to seek entertainment, recreation, and education which could not otherwise be had. There, perhaps, lies the secret . . . for enterprising "broadcasters" bring to the ear, every hour and every day, wholly without cost to the "listener-in," a most amazing variety of entertainment and instruction. . . ." -American Review of Reviews, January, 1923 What is the new American pastime described in this passage? a. watching television c. listening to radio b. playing mah-jongg d. bicycling

listening to radio

"I make my money by supplying a popular demand. If I break the law, my customers are as guilty as I am. -Al Capone Through which business did Capone supply the "popular demand" mentioned in this quotation? a. making and selling illegal alcohol c. publishing city newspapers b. importing rare art objects d. financing and building skyscrapers

making and selling illegal alcohol

After declaring war on Germany, Americans immediately began a. sabotaging the Germans. c. antiwar propaganda. b. dissenting. d. mobilization.

mobilization

In the 1920s, what Hollywood industry became one of the country's leading businesses? a. steel c. motion pictures b. bootlegging d. automobiles

motion pictures

A feeling of intense loyalty to one's country or group is called a. nationalism. c. militarism. b. alliance. d. entente.

nationalism

Which of the following were problems faced by President Ford? a. tensions with China b. nationwide recession c. escalation of the Vietnam War d. all of the above

nationwide recession

Commercial films of the 1930s were a. realistic depictions of life during the Depression b. usually based on classical literature c.militaristic in tone d.experiencing a large drop off in attendance e.often deliberately and explicitly escapist

often deliberately and explicitly escapist

President Hoover responded to the Bonus Army's encampment in Washington, D.C., by a. agreeing to meet privately with its leaders to address the concerns b. ordering the army to clear the veterans from their camps c. urging Congress to pass legislation providing immediate payment to the veterans d. publicly praising the veterans for their contributions during World War I e. initially denouncing the men as communist sympathizers

ordering the army to clear the veterans from their camps

This passage describes the _____ impact of difficult economic times on many Americans during the 1930s. a. often positive b. unseen group c. weak personal d. painful emotional

painful emotional

President Ford's most controversial act as President was to a. pardon Nixon. b. bomb Vietnam. c. balance the budget. d. raise taxes.

pardon Nixon

". . . Before me gapes the shell-hole. I grasp it with my eyes as with fists. With one leap I must be in it. There, I get a smack in the face, a hand clamps on to my shoulder—has the dead man waked up?—The hand shakes me, I turn my head, in the second of light I stare into the face of Katczinsky, he has his mouth wide open and is yelling. I hear nothing, he rattles me, comes nearer, in a momentary lull his voice reaches me: 'Gas—Gaas— Gaaas—Pass it on.' "I grab for my gas-mask. Some distance from me there lies someone. I think of nothing but this: That fellow there must know: Gaaas—Gaaas——" -Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front This excerpt from a famous novel describes the arrival of which new feature introduced into warfare in 1915 by the German army? a. tanks c. balloons b. poison gas d. artillery

poison gas

The purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was to a. provide funding for the construction of federal buildings b. create schools to retrain the unemployed c. purchase the stocks of failing institutions d. provide federal loans to troubled banks, railroads, and other big businesses e. encourage a massive construction program for public works

provide federal loans to troubled banks, railroads, and other big businesses

The purpose of groups such as the WPA and the CCC was to a. reform the practices of businesses. b. raise money to elect Democrats to Congress. c. build giant dams across the Tennessee River. d. provide government jobs for the unemployed.

provide government jobs for the unemployed.

Charities and churches worked to provide aid for the needy called a. relief b. city support c. recession d. financial aid

relief

The study of how goods can be produced more quickly is called a. recession. c. productivity. b. scientific management. d. on margin.

scientific management

". . . Meantime the art of the silent drama was showing steady improvement. Those actors who possessed the peculiar power to impress their personality on the public through pantomime rose speedily to prominence and attained, what previously had been an exaggeration, worldwide celebrity. Among the first to become such popular favorites were three young girls: the Gish sisters, Lillian and Dorothy, and Gladys Smith (better known as Mary Pickford) in pathetic and sentimental rôles; and, among the men, Charlie Chaplin in comedy and Douglas Fairbanks in romantic drama. . . ." -Preston William Slossen, The Great Crusade and After This excerpt describes the early days of _____, up to the late _____. a. silent movies, 1920s c. vaudeville, 1940s b. radical theater, 1930s d. radio comedy, 1920s

silent movies, 1920

" . . . Old-age benefits in the form of monthly payments are to be paid to individuals who have worked and contributed to the insurance fund in direct proportion to the total wages earned by such individuals in the course of their employment subsequent to 1936. . . . "While it is not anticipated as a complete remedy for the abnormal conditions confronting us at the present time, it is designed to afford protection for the individual against future major economic [changes]. . . . It does not represent a complete solution of the problems of economic security, but it does represent a substantial, necessary beginning." -Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor, Speech on September 2, 1935 In this passage, Perkins is describing _____. a. Unemployment Insurance b. Social Security c. the New Deal d. the National Recovery Administration

social security

People who believe industries should be publicly owned are called a. Republicans. c. dissenters. b. socialists. d. pacifists.

socialists

The maxim "Don't trust anyone over 30" may have been inspired by a. the civil rights movement's demand for equality. b. the credibility gap over the Vietnam War. c. the Beat movement's rejection of materialism. d. the Pop Art movement's criticism of consumerism.

the credibility gap over the Vietnam War.

What action by the Soviet Union ended the era of détente? a. the election of Mikhail Gorbachev b. the adoption of glasnost c. the invasion of Afghanistan d. the launching of SDI

the invasion of Afghanistan

"When the closing bell rang, the great bull market was dead and buried. 16,410,000 shares had changed hands. Leading stocks had lost as much as 77% of their peak value. The Dow Jones index was off 40% since September 3. Not only the little speculators, but the lordly, experienced big traders had been wiped out by the violence of the crash and the whole financial structure of the nation had been shaken to its foundations. Many bankers and brokers were doubtful about their own solvency, for their accounting systems had broken down. . . ." -Jonathan Norton Leonard, Three Years Down This passage explains that the stock market crash of 1929 damaged _____. a. only inexperienced investors b. only big traders c. only small speculators d. the nation's financial structure

the nation's financial structure

According to the line graph, in what period did stock prices rise dramatically? a. the first half of the 1920s b. the second half of the 1920s c. the first half of the 1930s d. the second half of the 1930s

the second half of the 1920s

Phyllis Schlafly's views are most likely shared with members of which group? a. the silent majority b. the Democratic Party c. the hippie movement d. the Weather Underground

the silent majority

The SALT I treaty provided a. the United States could achieve nuclear superiority over the Soviet Union. b. there was a basis for diplomatic ties between the United States and China. c. the superpowers could reach agreements relating to arms control. d. there were deep rifts within the Communist world.

the superpowers could reach agreements relating to arms control.

Iranian students took Americans hostage probably because a. they opposed U.S. support of Israel. b. they wanted more U.S. aid. c. they wanted the Shah sent back to Iran. d. they were angry that the Shah was still alive.

they wanted the Shah sent back to Iran.