History Final Exam

Which of the following is true of the role of women in politics in the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires?

Many emperors elevated the status of their wives and relatives, who then exerted power over affairs of state through advising the emperors

Aztecs

Mexico

In Mexico, the Spanish renamed the capital city Tenochtitlan as

Mexico City

Which of the following is true regarding the Confucian social hierarchy?

Military forces existed outside it and were considered a necessary evil

What nineteenth-century English thinker promoted individual freedom, universal suffrage, taxation of high personal income, and an extension of freedom and equality to women?

John Stuart Mill

When the Dutch founded Cape Town they encountered which indigenous groups?

Khoikhoi

The Congress of Vienna created a diplomatic order based on balance of power under the guidance of

Klemens von Metternich

In Peru, the Spanish moved the capital from Cuzco in the highlands to ______ on the coast.

Lima

Which of the following occurred in 2012 with respect to Central American migration?

Much higher numbers of migrants sought to travel to the United States, due to very dangerous internal conditions in their countries.

The Taíno came to the Caribbean from the valley of the ______ River in South America. Multiple choice question.

Orinoco

The nation that led the way in early European exploration was

Portugal

Which ruler made Vietnam, Burma, and Nepal tributary states of China?

Qianlong

Throughout their empire in the Americas, the Spanish spread a form of Christianity called

Roman Catholicism

Which of the following is true of the Roosevelt administration's attempts to combat the Great Depression?

Roosevelt sought to reduce the influence of unions so that potential employers could start businesses more easily with cheap labor.

Japan became a major imperial power after its victory in the

Russo-Japanese War

The individual who developed the theory of psychoanalysis was

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following is true of the increasing use of the Internet and smartphones throughout the world?

Social media has helped populations and social movements to reveal and raise awareness of human rights abuses.

The Treaty of Tordesillas

Split Central and South America between Spain and Portugal

Which of the following is true of the development of Palestine in the decades following the Great War and after World War II?

The British both ensured Jewish migration into Palestine after the Great War and limited that migration in order to protect Palestinian Arabs.

Which of the following is true?

The Spanish and Portuguese mixed with indigenous peoples of the Americas

Which of the following is true of the growth of Vietnamese nationalism and the events that led to U.S. involvement in the conflict?

The U.S. helped violate the terms of the Geneva Conference by ignoring elections and backing its own preferred leader, further stoking nationalist sentiment.

In which of the following ways did Russian businesspeople differ from their western European counterparts?

They did not challenge monarchy or rule by nobility in their country

How did the Mughals differ from the Ottomans and the Safavids on trade?

They sought less foreign trade in part because their controlled lands were so productive

Declining German birthrates led Nazi officials to force German women into the roles of wife and mother.

True

Industrialization refers to the process that transformed agrarian and handicraft-centered economies into economies distinguished by industry and machine manufacture

True

Slaves resisted in numerous ways: slow work, sabotage of equipment, running away, and slave revolts.

True

Strategic alliances by shrewd politicians played a key role in the unification of Italy

True

The League of Nations was fundamentally distrusted by many of its members because it had independent military power to enforce its decisions.

True

The founding of the Mughal Empire had much less direct connection to Islam than did the founding of the Ottoman and Safavid empires

True

The kingdoms of Rwanda and Bugunda largely escaped the effects of the slave trade due to both location and direct resistance

True

The western front stretched from the North Sea to Switzerland

True

Written constitutions were more difficult to frame in Latin America than in the United States mainly because Latin American leaders had less experience with government, and creole elites prevented mass participation in public affairs

True

Ibn Battuta was

a Moroccan legal scholar who traveled extensively and recorded his observations

The population of the Caribbean went from about 4 million in 1492 to _______ in the 1540s.

a few thousand

The term mestizo refers to

an individual of indigenous and European parentage

Which of the following best describes the early years of the Chinese republic after the revolution of 1911?

chaotic rule and economic disintegration under a host of regional rulers

Central to Renaissance thought was a

fascination with classic Greek and Roman art and philosophy

Travel through the Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay accelerated the ___________ trade in North America.

fur

The 1997 agreement at Kyoto was aimed at controlling which of the following threats to the world's environment?

global warming from the emission of greenhouse gasses

The phrase "Son of Heaven" refers to the

human designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on earth

Lin Zexu was

in charge of stopping the opium trade in China

In the long term, the Columbian exchange

increased world population because of the spread of new food crops

Marco Polo's stories

influenced other Europeans to visit China

In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because

it was a small country with a small population

The spread of Mongol control

laid the political foundation for a surge in long-distance trade

The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the sixteenth century was

manioc

Which of the following accounts for the beginning of the social reform movement in Russia in the nineteenth century?

military defeats

The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the

need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter's basilica

Which group was the ruling class of Portuguese and Spanish society in the Americas?

peninsulares

Which of the following was a strong component of Italian fascism under Mussolini prior to 1938?

political alliance with business and landlord interests

The British Calico Acts of 1720 and 1721

prohibited the importation of cotton cloth

Which of the following was an economic cause of the end of slavery?

rapid growth of Caribbean sugar cultivation

Far more abundant than gold and of much greater value, ________ was the focus of Spanish mining operations in the Americas.

silver

Which natural resource found in the Americas was most sought after by the Spanish?

silver

Henry Bessemer's innovations made it possible to produce cheaper

steel

What commodity was of primary importance to the economy of Portuguese Brazil?

sugar

The explosion of witch-hunting in the sixteenth century was heavily influenced by

tensions between Catholics and Protestants

Taíno

the Caribbean

Zheng He was

the Chinese admiral who made seven journeys of exploration

The first Europeans to reach the Americas made contact with Multiple choice question.

the Taíno in the Caribbean

Which of the following was NOT one of the main inspirations for European exploration?

the desire to conquer China and India

While the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was on the surface a nonaggression treaty, it had secret stipulations that spelled out

the division of eastern Europe.

The first recorded European sighting of the Australian continent occurred in

the early 1600s

The Portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil after

the establishment of profitable sugar plantations

Beginning in the nineteenth century, industrializing lands experienced a social change known as the demographic transition, when

the fertility rate declined

Theodore Herzl was the founder of

the first Zionist Congress

One unsuspected consequence of China's one-child family policy was

the mystery of a half million "missing" female births every year.

Which of the following was among the recommendations in Wilson's Fourteen Points?

the removal of all economic barriers and trade restrictions among nations

What was the major reason for the British occupation of Egypt, and what was a major consequence of that occupation?

to protect their interests in the Suez Canal; the calling of the Berlin Conference

The Council of Trent

took steps to reform the Catholic church

Both the Suez Canal and Panama Canal facilitated the building and maintenance of empires by enabling naval vessels to travel rapidly between the world's oceans.

true

In the Americas the Spanish established ______ main center(s) of colonial administration.

two

Luxury goods of high value relative to their weight

usually traveled overland on the silk roads

As much as ninety-five percent of the condemned witches were

women

U.S. policies toward Latin America included

"dollar diplomacy" and the Good Neighbor Policy

Over the course of the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the Middle Passage was

25 percent

Criollos

American-born Spanish or Portuguese

Incas

Andes mountains

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities were most threatening to a state such as

Austria-Hungary

Hernán Cortes conquered the

Aztecs

The first female president of Sri Lanka was

Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga

The outbreak of the bubonic plague in the 14th century began in

China

The commentator in this illustration of the dandelion is also portraying a classical example of the two-directional functioning of the

Columbian Exchange

Among the leading proponents of conservatism in the eighteenth century was?

Edmund Burke

Muhammad Ali was the

Egyptian leader who overthrew Ottoman control

Peninsulares

European-born Spanish or Portuguese

German industrialization proceeded at a faster pace than did French and Belgian industrialization, because of German coal and iron production and extensive railroad building.

False

In slavery within African communities, slaves were kept strictly separate from kinship groups so that neither they nor their offspring could alter their social position

False

Sun Yatsen called for special privileges for foreigners, national reunification, economic development, and a democratic republican government based on universal suffrage.

False

The earliest and most successful imitators of the Japanese model for economic development were the "two little tigers," Hong Kong and Thailand.

False

Unlike in the Chinese Confucian system, Japanese society placed merchants near the top of their social ranking

False

Whereas the Spanish and Portuguese were the first to arrive in the New World, the ______ arrived soon after and founded colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America.

French, English, and Dutch

Which of the following correctly characterizes a sequence of events in the early stages of the war?

German conquest of France, Battle of Britain, German invasion of the Soviet Union

The Tripartite Pact brought together

Germany, Italy, and Japan

The early stages of industrial development in the United States depended in large part on investment capital from which of the following nations?

Great Britain

Sikhs created a syncretic combination of

Hinduism and Islam

Francisco Pizarro conquered the

Incas

In the nineteenth century, the majority of indentured laborers came from

India

A desire for the reassertion of Islamic values in the political and social sphere of Muslim countries was at the heart of

Islamism

Which of the following is true of the success of Carmen Miranda in the United States?

It pushed many Americans to develop a new but no less unrealistic stereotype for Latin Americans.