History final review

Which of these immigrants would have been least likely to encounter prejudice?* a. Jew b. Catholic c. Protestant d. an African American

a Protestant

Starting in the mid-1800s, hoards of people traveled to the West out of a desire to... a. live in urban environments. b. strike it rich by finding gold or silver. c. see the Pacific Ocean. d. hunt buffalo.

b. strike it rich by finding gold or silver.

Which group of people made up the majority of immigrants to America before 1870?* a. European Protestants b. Scandinavian Catholics c. Chinese Buddhists d. South American Jews

a. European Protestants

What journalist called attention to the living conditions of tenement-dwellers?* a. Jacob Riis b. Frederick Olmsted c. Daniel Burnham d. Elisha Otis

a. Jacob Riis

Consumption patterns were most influenced by* a. advertising. b. transportation. c. new educational theories. d. special-interest newspapers.

a. advertising

Native American civilizations were threatened by.. a. diseases introduced by white settlers. b. buffalo herds. c. other Native American groups. d. drought.

a. diseases introduced by white settlers.

The first reliable streetcars were powered by* a. electricity. b. coal. c. animals. d. gasoline.

a. electricity.

Which of the following caused serious conflict among various groups of people in the West? a. ethnic and economic tensions b. religious practices c. cattle branding d. mining

a. ethnic and economic tensions

In the late 1800s, industrial workers* a. faced low wages and long hours in unsafe working conditions. b. took control of the factories in which they worked. c. collaborated with employers to reform labor laws. d. increased the amount of time they had available for recreation and leisure.

a. faced low wages and long hours in unsafe working conditions.

To what group of people did Populism primarily appeal?* a. farmers b. women c. city dwellers d. African Americans

a. farmers

At processing stations, officials met with immigrants to determine their medical condition and* a. legal standing. b. religious preferences. c. educational level. d. political beliefs.

a. legal standing.

The ICC was formed to* a. oversee railroad operations. b. control interstate commerce. c. make new transportation laws. d. regulate communications across state lines.

a. oversee railroad operations.

How did new railroads benefit western cattle ranchers?* a. provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets b. allowed cowboys to travel easily between cattle herds and their homes c. made it easier for ranchers to keep track of their herds d. encouraged eastern cowboys to make a living in the West

a. provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets

Most new immigrants lived in cities* a. to be close to industrial jobs. b.to meet many Americans. c. to abandon their traditions. d. because cities were welcoming.

a. to be close to industrial jobs.

The assimilation of Native Americans was a goal of a. the Battle of Little Big Horn. b. the Dawes General Allotment Act. c. leaders such as Crazy Horse. d. leaders such as Chief Joseph

b. the Dawes General Allotment Act

Urban leaders counted on schools to* a. train professional police officers. b. Americanize new immigrants. c. support art and history museums. d. develop new forms of popular entertainment.

b. Americanize new immigrants.

How did mass culture signify a change in American life?* a. A class of trendsetters emerged from the middle class. b. Americans became more alike in their purchasing. c. The new middle-class strove to create a completely independent identity. d. Rich and poor people used the exact same goods.

b. Americans became more alike in their purchasing.

How did Ellis Island differ from Angel Island?* a. Chinese and Asian immigrants often were processed at Ellis Island. b. Immigrants left Ellis Island within hours; they often remained at Angel Island for weeks. c. Angel Island was welcoming to some, but Ellis Island was seemingly designed to filter out Chinese immigrants. d. Chinese travelers were never turned away at Angel Island.

b. Immigrants left Ellis Island within hours; they often remained at Angel Island for weeks.

Which labor leader began the American Federation of Labor?* a. Samuel Gompers b. Terence V. Powderly c. Eugene V. Debs d. Uriah Smith Stephens

b. Terence V. Powderly

Which of the following best describes Native Americans' situation at the end of the Indian Wars? a. They held onto their traditional homelands. b. They were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations. c. They lived traditional lives on reservations throughout the North. d. They assimilated into American culture.

b. They were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations

Which invention made the building and use of skyscrapers feasible?* a. mass transit b. elevators c. zoning laws d. suburbs

b. elevators

Capitalism fueled industrialization by* a. requiring inventors to file patents. b. encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses. c. giving the country many natural resources. d. ensuring that all workers received high wages

b. encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses.

The Farmers' Alliance did which of the following?* a. encouraged farmers to disband cooperatives b. established postal banks to provide farmers with low-interest loans c. excluded African American farmers d. ran candidates in local elections to end the gold standard

b. established postal banks to provide farmers with low-interest loans

Which of the following provided Americanization programs for new immigrants?* a. Congress b. settlement houses c. ghettoes d. trade unions

b. settlement houses

Which of the following did the Populist Party suggest would raise crop prices?* a. government ownership of railroads b. the coinage of "free silver" c. an alliance of urban workers d. a graduated income tax

b. the coinage of "free silver"

How did cities address the problems caused by urban living?* a. Residents organized neighborhood watch programs. b. Technological innovations improved crowding. c. Governments began to offer services such as mass transit and sanitation. d. City planners increased land dedicated to public use

c. Governments began to offer services such as mass transit and sanitation.

What was one of the dangers of living in a tenement?* a. Tenements were owned by landlords that lived in areas that were far away. b. Families had to live within walking distance of the industrial plants and factories. c. Tenements had few windows and poor sanitation conditions. d. Tenements typically housed more than one family in the same apartment.

c. Tenements had few windows and poor sanitation conditions.

Which of the following was an effect of the transcontinental railroad? a. The nation shrunk in size. b. Utah and Nevada became heavily settled. c. The population of the West increased. d. Industrial development was stalled.

c. The population of the West increased.

The middle-class lifestyle of the Gilded Age featured* a. a return to classical ideals. b. a reflection of rural values. c. a new emphasis on acquiring goods. d. renewed interest in controlling journalists.

c. a new emphasis on acquiring goods.

Which of the following encouraged President Arthur to pursue civil service reform?* a. adoption of the gold standard b. arrest of William "Boss" Tweed c. assassination of President Garfield d. loss of thousands of jobs in the U.S. Postal Service

c. assassination of President Garfield

Horizontal integration differs from vertical integration in that it* a. combines different businesses involved in all phases of a product's development. b. merges stocks from multiple businesses into a new organization. c. consolidates many firms involved in the same business into one giant company. d. requires investment from a number of people who share ownership in the firm.

c. consolidates many firms involved in the same business into one giant company.

Cartels, monopolies, trusts, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of* a. driving up costs. b. raising wages. c. increasing profits. d. combining resources.

c. increasing profits.

The Sherman Antitrust Act imposed limitations upon which group?* a. farmers b. Congress c. large corporations d. small-business owners

c. large corporations

The first great boom in the West was spurred by... a. the railroad. b. vigilantes. c. mining. d. ranching.

c. mining

In the late 1800s, organization among farmers resulted in* a. repeal of the "Grange Laws." b. dismantling of the Interstate Commerce Commission. c. more regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates. d. a Democratic victory in the 1896 presidential election.

c. more regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates.

Which of the following helped fuel economic growth by encouraging people to buy American goods?* a. monopolies b. patents c. protective tariffs d. laissez faire

c. protective tariffs

Corporations had the important advantage of* a. being run by an individual or a family. b. developing into monopolies. c. reducing the financial risk for individual investors. d. keeping prices high.

c. reducing the financial risk for individual investors

In contrast to white settlers, Native Americans viewed nature as... a. a resource to provide wealth. b. pleasant. c. sacred. d. less important than railroads.

c. sacred.

The Coinage Act of 1873 caused protest by* a. ending production of paper money. b. allowing the use of both gold and silver coins. c. stopping the minting of silver coins. d. overturning the gold standard.

c. stopping the minting of silver coins.

In response to the Granger movement, a. the federal government disbanded the Interstate Commerce Commission. b. membership in the Farmers' Alliances declined. c. the Supreme Court overturned laws regulating the railroads. d. Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota set maximum rates for shipping and grain storage.

c. the Supreme Court overturned laws regulating the railroads.

How did the South keep railroad construction costs down? a. joined rural areas with urban hubs b. connected major cities with railroad lines for increased business c. used prison labor and lobbied the federal government d. expanded small hubs

c. used prison labor and lobbied the federal government

Traditionally, immigrants had come to America for economic opportunity and* a. joined rural areas with urban hubs b. connected major cities with railroad lines for increased business c. used prison labor and lobbied the federal government d. expanded small hubs

c. used prison labor and lobbied the federal government

Travel accommodations for most immigrants to the United States* a. were in first class steamship cabins. b. allowed them to bring many belongings. c. were dirty, crowded, and unhealthy. d. were spacious and inexpensive.

c. were dirty, crowded, and unhealthy.

Which of these factors pulled immigrants to the United States?* a. lack of food b. religious persecution c. poor economic conditions d. potential employment

d. potential employment

Homesteaders on the plains usually built homes of a. bricks. b. wood. c. stone. d. sod.

d. sod

Rural-to-urban migration was primarily motivated by* a. plentiful land. b. religious freedom. c. fear of crime. d. steady employment.

d. steady employment.

In what field did significant technological innovation occur in the late 1800s?* a. building materials b. communications c. transportation d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The Populist party* a. divided northern and southern urban workers. b. supported private ownership of railroads. c. excluded African Americans from membership. d. called for "free silver" to help raise prices for farm good

d. called for "free silver" to help raise prices for farm goods.

Farmers opposed the gold standard because they claimed that it would* a. cause high inflation. b. undermine the national economy. c. make the currency unstable. d. cause prices for their crops to decline.

d. cause prices for their crops to decline.

After the Civil War, the cost of living decreased because* a. consumers wanted imported goods. b. sanitation and medical care improved. c. men took public transportation to work. d. technology made manufacturing more efficient

d. technology made manufacturing more efficient