history - final review: semester two

Which group of American citizens were forcibly denied their rights and civil liberties during the War?

Japanese

What is the 24th amendment?

Made poll taxes illegal

During the Freedom Summer of 1964, what event triggered national news?

March on Washington

How did McCarthyism intensify Cold War tensions?

McCarthyism deepened fear and mistrust among the American people.

The "zoot suit riot" that occured in Los Angeles in 1943 highlighted violence against

Mexican-Americans

According to the information in this chart, which state saw the greatest percent increase in registered African American voters after passage of the Voting Rights Act?

Mississippi

What state had the lowest percentage of registered African-American voters a the beginning of the Civil Rights movement?

Mississippi

How did World War II change the employment situation for women?

More women were able to find jobs in manufacturing and other fields not traditionally considered to be women's work

"American Troops Withdraw from Vietnam: In October 1972, the United States and North Vietnam came to terms on a peace settlement..." How was the 1972 presidential election most like the 1968 election?

Nixon used promises to end the war to his advantage

Which of the following is an example of nonviolent protest?

Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat

"I heard all of this screaming and... somebody yelled..." Sheyann Webb is recalling a campaign to enact voting legislation that resulted in conflict on a bridge in

Selma, Alabama

Negative consequences of the hippie lifestyle

Some drug abuse and crime were associated with hippie populations

What led to the success of Operation Overlord?

The Allies convinced Hitler that the invasion would happen in Calais, causing him to order important forces away from the invasion site at Normandy.

How did the President's ability to conduct military operations change following the end of war in Vietnam?

The War Powers Act forced the President to consult with Congress before all military actions

In the counterculture movement, the word freedom signified...

The rejection of conformity and social restraints

How did the United States' involvement in Korea differ from previous wars?

Truman did not ask Congress for a formal declaration of war

A landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting

Voting Rights Act

This image of students on the steps of the Pentagon is associated with

disagreement with registering for the draft

The lunch counter "sit-ins" were meant to

draw attention to segregation and challenge the law.

Which decision did President Truman make that most significantly altered the course of the war?

dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What had the largest role in increasing consumer consumption during the 1950s?

ease in obtaining debt

What effect did the post-World War II baby boom have in the US?

it resulted in a massive student population in the 1960s

N.O.W.

-National Organization of Women: wanted equal pay and wanted to end sex discrimination -wanted to bring about passage of the Equal Rights Amendment

What best describes the statement this cartoon is making about the war in Vietnam?

it suggests that the Vietnam War is destroying President Johnson's presidency

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

-Students in an Iowa school were suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam war -Supreme Court ruled that this suspension was unconstitutional, and that public school students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door." -Guaranteed the students' right to protest

According to the graph, which time period saw the largest increase in active personnel in the United States military?

1942 to 1943

"Critics of the Selective Service System argued that the draft was not fair..." What measure did the Selective Service System take to address these criticisms of the draft in 1969?

A "lottery" system was implemented, in which recruits were picked at random

This map best shows the Japanese ability to

launch an attack on Pearl Harbor

During the Vietnam War, African American soldiers

made up a disproportionately high number of casualties.

"The German armed forces on land, at sea and in the air have been completely defeated..." What is the mostly likely title of this declaration?

Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority

"J. William Fulbright (1905-1995) holds the record as the longest-serving chairman..." Fulbright's hearings on Vietnam showed how

television was shaping public opinion

Why was the Selective Service System criticized as another example of social injustice?

It resulted in recruitment of people from poor or working-class backgrounds

What feature on the map best explains why the United States was unwilling to commit to a full-scale ground war in North Vietnam?

the country's close proximity to China

The domestic policies of Jimmy Carter reflected that fact that

the country's economy was suffering from inflation and an energy crisis

The violence committed against nonviolent Freedom Riders forced

the desegregation of interstate transportation

The Edmund Pettus Bridge, in Selma, AL, became a symbol of

the determination of the civil rights movement

Which event suggests that there was growing public support for people with disabilities during the 1960s?

the establishment of the Special Olympics

Oil Embargo of 1973

-Arab oil-producing nations halted the flow of oil to nations that supported Israel -- America -Revealed that the US was heavily dependent on foreign oil

The Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Abolished the national-origins quotas and providing for the admission each year of 170,000 immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere

What is the best summary of this statement by Martin Luther King, Jr. about the Vietnam War? "It was sending their sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinary high proportions relative to the rest of the population..."

African Americans are dying in disproportionate numbers to whites and, although blacks and whites die together in war, blacks are still discriminated against at home

The message of this political cartoon is

All nations are under pressure because of the superpowers' arms race.

Why did South Vietnam fall to the communists after the Paris Peace accords?

American forces withdrew but fighting continued until Saigon fell to the communists

Why was the German strategy of "blitzkrieg" so successful?

Blitzkrieg relied on rapid, heavily armed forces that quickly penetrated deep into enemy territory

"It is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life..." In this statement, Chief Justice Warren is referencing the Supreme Court's majority opinion in

Brown v. Board of Education

"In the text you read about how the Vietnam War divided the nation..." What does the text above tell us about the President Johnson's political standing in 1968?

By 1968, Johnson had difficulty maintaining the support of his own party

What was a turning point in the Korean War?

China enters war

"A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment..." What major difference between Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy is illustrated in this excerpt from Eisenhower's Farewell Address?

Eisenhower's fears about the expanding scope of the defense industries

Which of the following was NOT a program that President Johnson passed during his Great Society legislation?

Equal Pay Act

What caused a change in urban demographics after 1919?

European immigration increased; factory jobs were filled

Three allied powers during WWII

Great Britain, America, Soviet Union

"The Missile Gap was in essense a growing perception in the West..." What was President Kennedy's response to the perceived "missile gap" between the US and Soviet Union?

He adopted a "flexible response" policy to prepare the military for any type of conflict

"Ho Chi Minh's military doctrine hinged on fighting only when victory was assured..." What did Ho Chi Minh believe this strategy would ultimately accomplish against the American military?

He believed that if the North Vietnamese wore the American forces down enough they would eventually leave

"You have a row of dominoes set up..." What point is President Eisenhower making here with his domino analogy?

If Vietnam were to fall to the communists, it would only be a matter of time before its neighbors followed suit

The chart shows responses to the question: "Do you think the United States made a mistake sending troops to fight in Vietnam?" What is the best summary of the information on the chart?

In March 1966 a majority of Americans polled approved of the war. By April 1968, Americans were more evenly split, with the number of people who disapproved of the war somewhat higher than the number approved

One of the outcomes of the Camp David Accords was that

Israel agreed to restore its borders with Egypt to their pre-1967 levels

How did the arms race affect Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union?

It escalated tensions with the threat of mutual nuclear destruction

What explains the American public's reaction to President Gerald Ford's pardon of Richard Nixon?

People were angry because some suspected that Ford had made a secret deal with Nixon to gain the vice-presidency.

Who was opposed to Miranda v. Arizona?

People who thought it was too favorable to accused criminals

How did U.S. policy in Vietnam change following the Tet Offensive?

Policy makers thought the war was unwinnable and began to negotiate for peace.

What do the actions listed in this chart suggest about the League of Nations?

The League of Nations criticized the actions of aggressive nations but did not take effective measures to stop the aggression

Why did the United States ultimately decide to support the French rather than Ho Chi Minh's forces in the Indochina War?

The U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism in Asia

What led to the development of the hydrogen bomb in the United States?

The United States wanted to develop nuclear weapons that were superior to those of the Soviet Union

Why did radical Iranian students storm the U.S. embassy in Tehran and take 66 Americans as hostages?

They were protesting the United States' continued support of Iran's former dictator.

Sweatt v. Painter (1950)

a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the University of Texas School of Law on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education. At the time, no law school in Texas would admit blacks., Segregated law school in Texas was held to be an illegal violation of civil rights, leading to open enrollment.

The 38th parallel was the basis of

a cease-fire in the conflict between North and South Korea.

Defense spending during the Vietnam War had an impact on many Americans in the form of

a high rate of inflation and a weaker dollar

stagflation

a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)

Shelters such as this represented American concern about

a potential nuclear attack during the Cold War

What is the philosophy of counterculture?

a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores

What was the main factor that allowed military leaders to assume power in Japan in the 1930s?

a weak economy

The Neutrality Act of 1939 helped the Allies in World War II by

agreeing to sell arms to the Allies if they paid cash and transported them themselves

"The 26th Amendment: In the turmoil surrounding the unpopular Vietnam war, lowering the national voting age became a controversial topic..." Why did it take some time before the provision lowering the voting age would apply nationwide?

an amendment requires ratification by individual states

The term "Third World" was originally coined to refer to countries that

are undeveloped and poor countries

Which of the following was not a method used by the Civil Rights movement to draw attention to its cause?

bombing churches

This image represents a shift in the civil rights movement from

civil rights to economic issues

What strategy did President Johnson's advisors Robert McNamara and General Westmoreland insist was necessary to winning the war in Vietnam?

committing more troops and taking a more active role in combat activities

The Truman Doctrine was established because of fears that

communism would spread to other countries

The US rate of aircraft production from 1940 to 1942 best reflects

congressional approval of the Neutrality Act of 1939

Based on the figures from the chart, the income tax rate was most likely raised 10% to account for

costs associated with the war effort

"On the first attack, the evidence would be pretty good..." This quote suggests that the decision to escalate the war in Vietnam was possible based on

flawed, manipulated, or misunderstood intelligence

According to this map, one part of the British campaign in Western Europe spread

from Sword Beach to Antwerp

Which of these best describes the "Americanization" strategy recommended by Robert McNamara and William Westmoreland?

having American forces take on a more active role in the Vietnam War

"A combination of fear and massive propaganda kept Stalin in power..." Based on the text, what was one significant factor that solidified Stalin's political power in the Soviet Union?

his use of the Soviet media to mold public perception

What would the North African campaign benefit the Allies?

if the Germans were forced out, it would ease the way to invading Italy

According to the chart, the Twenty-fourth Amendment was passed in order to

increase participation in the political process

"Paragraph 1.1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or German related blood are forbidden..." The purpose of Paragraph 1 of the law quoted above was to

isolate the Jews

How did the War Powers Act of 1973 affect the President's ability to conduct military operations?

it forced him to consult with Congress before ordering any military strikes

How did the idea of realpolitik shape the United States' handling of the Cold War?

it justified President Nixon's establishing relations with nations that the US opposed ideologically

Which term describes John Foster Dulles' threat to use extreme force in response to communist aggression?

massive retaliation

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the black power movement?

moved away from violence to non-violence

"The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all, and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually, and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area."—Article 5, NATO Treaty; April 4, 1949 Article 5 of the NATO Treaty promises

mutual defense for all member nations

"When an epidemic of physical disease..." What sentence best expresses President Roosevelt's message?

no nation can be completely isolated from other nations

The counterculture in the 1960s promoted the values of

nonconformity, personal freedom, racial equality, and self-fulfillment.

The Montgomery bus boycott became a model for the civil rights movement of the early 1960s because it showed that

nonviolent protest by ordinary people could bring about change

The reasoning behind the U.S. military's island-hopping strategy was to

only engage enemy forces on islands that offered a direct route to Japan

What impact did defense spending for the Vietnam War have on education in the US?

paying for the war affected education spending

"You usually know where the front is by the sound of gunfire..." Based on this quote, which word best describes General Patton?

persistent

"Thanks to the Justice Department [JD] case, the registration test had been simplified somewhat..." Terri Shaw's account was written to emphasize that

politicians used voter literacy tests to disqualify African Americans from voter Registration

Presidents Truman and Eisenhower both provided strong leadership in the 1940s and 1950s by

promoting social welfare programs while reducing defense budgets

President Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board in 1944 to aid and rescue Jewish refugees. What other action, if taken, did some feel might have helped save more people?

safe havens for Jewish refugees in other European countries

What military strategy did President Nixon employ in Vietnam early on in his presidency?

the "Vietnamization" of combat operations

"In an expanded sense, however, many American foreign-policy strategists misjudged the spread of communism..." Which idea, one which formed the basis of American foreign policy in the 1960s, was largely discredited by events of the 1970s in the wake of the Vietnam War?

the "domino theory"

Dien Bien Phu showed that

the French could no longer hold on to Vietnam.

"11/7/1973--Public Law. (LATEST SUMMARY) War Powers Resolution - Provides that in the absence of a declaration of war by the Congress, in any case..." Enacted following the end of the Vietnam War, the War Powers Resolution (also known as the War Powers Act) can be seen as Congress' attempt to undo what previous piece of legislation?

the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

"I saw more planes coming in, passing over Battleship Row dropping bombs..." In this text, Corpsman Anderson is describing

the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

This political cartoon makes a reference to

the Senate filibuster against the Civil Rights Act.

"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation..." In this speech, Truman was advocating

the Truman Doctrine

In what way was the United States' decision to support the French in Indochina a departure from its usual foreign policy?

the US was generally in favor of decolonization

"The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister..." This excerpt from the Atlantic Charter confirmed that

the United States and Britain support the sovereignty of countries affected by the war

With the Battle of Midway, afterwards was a turning point and

the United States and the Allies moved into an offensive position

Supporters of the Neutrality Act of 1939 believed that

the United States should send aid to the democracies of Europe

Why was the Berlin Airlift considered a victory for the West in the Cold War?

the airlift symbolized Soviet control of West German airspace

"After I noticed the flash..." In this text, Isao Kita is describing

the attack on Hiroshima

Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point in World War II?

the battle ended Hitler's hopes of dominating all of Europe and put Germany on the defensive

What did Winston Churchill describe as an "iron curtain"?

the border between Western Europe and Eastern Europe

What is the most likely cause of the long-term surge in immigration beginning in the 1970s?

the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act in 1965 that eliminated national immigration quotas

One reason France and Britain pursued a policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany in the 1930s was

the perception that the Soviet Union was a more significant threat

"In the name of the greatest people that I have ever trod this earth..." In his inaugural address, which opinion does Wallace present?

the races should be separated in all aspects of public life

The primary reason why the March on Washington was such an effective event in the modern civil rights movement was because

the significant media coverage increased public opinion in favor of legislation

The primary reason why the March on Washington was such an effective event in the modern civil rights movement was because

the significant media coverage increased public opinion in favor of legislation.

What objective did American military leaders hope to achieve in North Vietnam with military campaigns such as Operation Rolling Thunder?

they believed that the strikes would lower the enemy's morale and drive the North Vietnamese to negotiate a peace treaty

Why would many isolationists have argued that the Neutrality Act of 1939 was not actually "neutral"?

they thought material support of the Allies was, indirectly, acting against the Axis Powers

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan..." What was President Roosevelt's purpose in this speech?

to ask for a declaration of war on Japan

"In time of war, our ordinary ideas of what we will consume..." What is the purpose of this passage?

to encourage Americans to cooperate with rationing of goods

Which of the following was NOT true of the Freedom Riders?

traveled all through the north to protest their rights

What was the political outcome of the Korean War?

troops were sent to battle without congressional approval in later conflicts

The Equal Pay Act, sponsored by the Kennedy administration, aimed to benefit which working group most?

women

This poster was made to encourage

women's service in the military