History final

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46. Generally speaking

a recall effort begins with a ________. a. petition campaign c. law passed by the state legislature b. lawsuit d. decree by the governor, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

39. In order to win the presidency

a candidate must win a. at least 270 electoral votes. b. a majority of the popular vote. c. at least 26 state-level presidential elections. d. at least 300 electoral votes., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

72. A bill's supporters in the House of Representatives generally prefer ________

while opponents generally prefer ________. a. an open rule

7. Following the 2006 elections

________ became Speaker of the House. a. Dennis Hastert c. Nancy Pelosi b. Newt Gingrich d. John Boehner, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

43. Currently

________ states have agreed to the compact specified by the National Popular Vote plan. a. 2 c. 17 b. 10 d. 22, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

81. What is it called when two members of Congress share no common interests

but agree to support each other's bill? a. filibustering c. logrolling b. delegating d. bargaining, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Remembering

80. Why does Congress suffer from a collective action problem in the face of presidential power? a. Individual members of Congress are more concerned with the substantive impact of presidential action on their constituents than with the general implications of presidential powers. b. The House and the Senate must work in tandem

but constantly find any unity impossible. c. The Constitution gives the president the ability to resist any congressional oversight not supported by two-thirds of its members. d. Members of Congress are often uninformed about the actions of the president., ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

88. ________ have the same status as treaties

but do not require U.S. Senate approval. a. International accords c. Executive agreements b. Multilateral initiatives d. Executive orders, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

10. In each House district

there are approximately ________ people. a. 250,000 c. 1,300,000 b. 700,000 d. 2,500,000, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

6. Following the 2012 elections

there were ________ women serving in the U.S. Senate. a. 5 c. 33 b. 20 d. 45, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

77. In 2014

there were approximately ________ political action committees (PACs) in the United States. a. 150 c. 5,000 b. 1,500 d. 15,000, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

by 2010

the number had grown to nearly ________ percent. a. 0

74. In recent years

the religious right has had a great effect on American politics through ________. a. grassroots mobilization c. campaign financing b. gaining access d. iron triangles, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

82. Why does the House typically have greater party unity than the Senate? a. Representatives have more partisan constituents than senators. b. House leaders have more organizational control over the actions of representatives than Senate leaders. c. There is

in fact, no real difference in levels of party unity between the House and the Senate. d. Interest groups are less influential in the House than in the Senate., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Understanding

66. A loose

informal relationship of public officials, interest groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called ________. a. an iron triangle c. the New Politics movement b. a membership association d. an issue network, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

72. The idea behind micro-targeting is to a. send different campaign messages to different demographic groups of voters. b. send hundreds of very short messages to the largest possible number of voters. c. spend as little money as possible on advertising and

instead, to maximize "free media" coverage. d. raise money through thousands of small donations rather than a small number of large donations., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Understanding

85. In addition to pressuring members of Congress to vote a certain way on a bill

interest groups have substantial influence in a. setting the legislative agenda. b. getting senators to filibuster debates on bills that they oppose. c. determining whether a member of Congress will run for re-election. d. deciding committee assignments for members of Congress., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Understanding

66. The themes

issues, and messages that candidates present during a campaign are generally based on a. the election rules passed by Congress each year. b. the size of the constituency they are seeking to represent. c. polls and focus groups. d. legally binding orders that are issued from the national party organizations., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

31. When President Lincoln issued a series of executive orders for which he had no clear legal authority during the start of the Civil War

it illustrated the a. delegated powers of the presidency. c. expressed powers of the presidency. b. inherent powers of the presidency. d. "going public" strategy., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

32. When states vie for influence by holding their nominating processes earlier

it is called ________. a. gerrymandering c. open caucusing b. the winner-take-all system d. front-loading, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

40. When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets

it is called a ________. a. solidary benefit c. material benefit b. promotion offer d. purposive benefit, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

19. In order to get around the need for Senate approval of treaties

many contemporary presidents have made use of ________ in foreign affairs. a. diplomacy c. executive agreements b. international protocols d. executive immunity, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

1

000 c. 50

6. In the "top two" primary systema. political parties are allowed to place two candidates for the general election on the ballot if both receive at least 25 percent of the overall primary vote. b. candidates from all parties run against one another and the top two face each other in the general election. c. candidates must win two separate primary elections before being officially nominated for the general election. d. voters are allowed to vote for their two favorite candidates, regardless of the candidates' party affiliation

.,B

10

000 b. 85

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering 60. Approximately ________ is needed for a candidate to have a reasonable chance of winning a seat in the House of Representatives. a. $100

000 c. $1 million b. $300,000 d. $5 million, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering 61. When candidates for office sponsor hearings, undertake inspection tours of disaster areas, or meet with foreign dignitaries, the form of publicity they receive is called ________. a. a press junket c. the C-SPAN effect b. free media d. a spot advertisement

86. A citizen can currently give no more than ________ per candidate for federal office per election in a given two-year election cycle. a. $1

000 c. $5,000 b. $2,700 d. $25,000, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

35. The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) has approximately ________ members today. a. 38

000 c. 3,800,000 b. 338,000 d. 38,000,000, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

1

000 d. 85

21. The Help Americans Vote Act of 2003 a. authorized $1 billion for civic education in order to increase voter turnout in national elections. b. financed the creation of 2

000 additional polling places across the country for midterm and presidential elections. c. required state governments to introduce computerized voting systems. d. eliminated state-level voter registration requirements., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

81. Both 527 committees and 501(c)(4)s a. are not required to disclose where they get their funds. b. are required to disclose where they get their funds. c. are limited to spending $100

000 per candidate per election. d. can spend unlimited amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate's campaign., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

10

000, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

55. Approximately ________ lobbyists are currently registered with Congress. a. 1

200 c. 12,000 b. 4,500 d. 19,000, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

16. Approximately ________ people work for the various agencies within the Executive Office of the President. a. 25 to 50 c. 1

500 to 2,000 b. 500 to 750 d. 5,000 to 7,500, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

40. Which of the following best describes a way in which the House differs from the Senate? a. The House is more centralized and organized than the Senate. b. The House is a looser and more deliberative body than the Senate. c. The members of the House are much less specialized than the members of the Senate. d. The House has a much greater level of turnover in its membership than the Senate.

ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

21. Which of the following is a theoretical assumption of pluralism? a. Competition among interests will produce balance with all interests regulating each other. b. Competition among interests will produce extreme public policy with one interest dominating all others. c. Only some interests should be free to compete for influence in the United States. d. All interests are not equally free to compete for influence in the United States.

ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

92. The fact that interest groups favor the wealthy and well educated can be understood as a reflection of what dilemma in American politics? a. Liberty is often inconsistent with equality. b. Democracy has not been helpful in reducing the number of factions. c. There are no efficient means of organizing the working class in the United States. d. Organized associations and groups tend to inhibit freedom.

ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

26. One way that the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members. a. selective c. free-rider b. elective d. public good

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

42. An informal group of advisers to the president is often called the ________. a. kitchen cabinet c. round table b. plumbers d. inner cabinet

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

86. Oversight can best be described as the a. efforts of Congress to supervise the manner in which its laws are implemented by the executive branch. b. organizational control exercised by party whips over members of Congress. c. authority of committee chairs over the hearings and investigations conducted by the subcommittees. d. approval that the Senate must give to all presidential appointments to the federal judiciary.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

87. The Senate's constitutional power of advice and consent extends to the president's power to a. make treaties with foreign nations. b. make executive agreements. c. issue executive orders. d. issue pardons.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

90. The role that the U.S. Senate plays in impeachments can best be compared with that of a ________. a. trial jury c. prosecuting attorney b. grand jury d. defense attorney

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Understanding

92. Organizational reforms instituted by Congress in the 1970s a. fragmented power by reducing the power of committee chairs. b. centralized power into the hands of party leaders. c. sped up legislation by reducing the number of committees to which a bill was referred. d. reduced the scrutiny of the media by closing hearings to the public.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Understanding

20. Gerrymandering refers to the a. manipulation of electoral districts to serve the interests of a particular group. b. practice whereby legislators trade their support or opposition on one bill to get the support of another legislator on a different bill. c. investigations of the executive branch by members of Congress. d. tactic used by members of the Senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

24. Republican House member Randy "Duke" Cunningham was a. sent to jail in 2005 for accepting bribes by companies hoping to receive earmarks in return. b. the primary supporter of a bill that would have prohibited the use of earmarks in Congress. c. the initiator of a lawsuit heard by the Supreme Court about the constitutionality of earmarks. d. the first member of Congress to propose that representatives publish a list of all earmark requests on a single website.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

28. Pork-barrel legislation a. funds specific projects and their location within a particular congressional district. b. gives agricultural subsidies within a region. c. awards special privileges to a person named in the bill. d. orders state governments to implement a program without providing funding for doing so.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

32. After the 2014 election the Republican Party controlled a. both the House of Representatives and the Senate. b. the House of Representatives but not the Senate. c. the Senate but not the House of Representatives. d. neither the House of Representatives nor the Senate.,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

33. One reason why redistricting is controversial is that a. those charged with drawing districts use sophisticated computer technologies to come up with the most favorable district boundaries. b. incumbents never lose when districts are redrawn. c. it is unclear whether districts have to be drawn in such a way that each district includes roughly the same number of people. d. interest groups and PACs exert a great deal of influence over the specific shape of each district.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

36. When Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops into Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas, in 1957, it demonstrated that the a. president may make unilateral use of the emergency powers to protect states against domestic disorder. b. president requires the federal court's approval before using troops in domestic disturbances. c. use of the president's emergency powers against domestic disorder necessitates a request by the governor of the state in question. d. president needs congressional authorization to use troops in both domestic and international situations.,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

35. The power to receive ambassadors is an example of ________. a. an expressed power c. executive privilege b. a delegated power d. an executive order

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

10. ________ powers are specifically established by the language of the Constitution. a. Expressed c. Implied b. Delegated d. Inherent

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering , 11. The president's delegated powers come from ________. a. the Constitution c. the president's party b. Congress d. the Supreme Court, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

13. The Constitution attempts to restrain the president's use of domestic force by a. stating that a state government must request federal troops before the president can deploy them within that state to provide public order. b. strictly prohibiting presidents from ever deploying federal troops within the United States. c. requiring two-thirds of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States. d. requiring a majority of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

29. The Environmental Protection Agency was created in 1970 directly by ________. a. an executive order c. executive privilege b. congressional legislation d. a Supreme Court decision

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

34. Congress's tendency in recent years to give executive agencies fewer clear guidelines for implementing laws is the result of a. the greater scope and complexity of the tasks that American government has undertaken. b. the reduced scope and complexity of the tasks that American government has undertaken. c. frequent requests made by state governments to transfer more power to the executive branch. d. numerous initiatives passed by voters that require less legislative specificity.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

66. ________ occurs when the president directs administrative agencies to promulgate specific rules and regulations. a. Regulatory review c. Delegation b. Administrative oversight d. An executive agreement

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

67. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 happened as a result of a(n) a. executive order. c. negotiated treaty. b. signing statement. d. presidential pardon.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

70. A signing statement is an announcement a. the president makes about his or her interpretation of a congressional enactment he or she is signing into law. b. made by a presidential candidate when formally accepting his or her party's nomination. c. made by the president and the leader of a foreign country immediately following an executive agreement. d. the president is required to make any time he or she issues an executive order.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

71. The powers of Congress have declined dramatically in which of the following areas during the last 50 years? a. national defense and the federal budget b. health care and education c. law enforcement and oversight d. national defense and environmental protection

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

72. The last time Congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was during the ________. a. Second World War c. Vietnam War b. Korean War d. Afghanistan War

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

69. A(n) ________ is a media format in which candidates meet with ordinary citizens without the input of journalists or commentators. a. town hall meeting c. infomercial b. spot ad d. caucus

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

11. A(n) ________ occurs when a voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candidates for the general election. a. open primary c. majority system b. closed primary d. referendum

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

44. A proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a popular vote is called a a. ballot initiative. c. people's compact. b. grassroots amendment. d. popular directive.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

9. In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election it holds a(n) ________. a. primary election c. midterm election b. referendum d. exploratory committee,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

financed solely by the federal government

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

53. Smaller and weaker parties are most likely to have electoral success under the ________ system of elections. a. proportional representation c. plurality b. majority d. unitary

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

91. The Consumer Confidence Index is based on a. surveys asking voters how optimistic they are about the future of the economy. b. the unemployment rate in each state. c. the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP). d. the size of the national debt.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

partisan

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

17. The Sierra Club is a(n) ________ group. a. public interest c. labor b. ideological d. business

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

19. The National Governor's Association is a good example of a ________. a. public-sector interest group c. political action committee b. professional association d. public interest group

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

16. Labor groups represent ________ percent of the total number of interest groups registered to lobby in Washington. a. 2 c. 32 b. 12 d. 52

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

6. Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people a. with higher levels of income and education. b. from the lower socioeconomic levels. c. who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations. d. who identify as Democrats.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

30. A ________ exists when paid staff conduct most of the daily business of a group. a. staff organization c. lobbyist firm b. free-rider group d. 527 committee

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

33. The solidary benefits of interest groups include ________. a. friendship and consciousness raising b. special services and goods c. information and money d. identification with the purpose or ideology of the group

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

28. Successful interest groups quickly become ________. a. bureaucratized c. outdated b. corrupted d. rich

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

39. The free-rider phenomenon is a. more problematic in very large groups. b. more problematic in very small groups. c. not affected in any way by the size of the group in question. d. not related to groups in any way because it is an individual-level problem.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

86. ________ occurs when interest groups take out advertisements and hold marches. a. Mobilizing public opinion c. Lobbying b. Partisan politics d. Litigating

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Applying

57. The practice of lobbying is protected by ________. a. the First Amendment b. state and federal laws dating from the 1930s c. internal rules of Congress d. a 1961 Supreme Court decision

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

83. The 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act a. expanded the definition of the organization and individuals that must register to lobby. b. narrowed the definition of the organization and individuals that must register to lobby. c. eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress. d. was struck down by the Supreme Court as a violation of the constitutional right to privacy.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

73. A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs when a. an interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position. b. a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself. c. interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate. d. an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

61. The Congressional Research Service and the Government Accountability Office are examples of ________. a. staff agencies c. select committees b. caucuses d. conference committees

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Applying

44. In the House of Representatives what is the relationship between the majority leader and the Speaker of the House? a. The majority leader is subordinate to the Speaker of the House. b. They are the same office. c. The majority leader is superior in formal powers to the Speaker of the House. d. The majority leader has the same powers as the Speaker of the House but is a different office.,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

50. What does the House Ways and Means Committee have jurisdiction over? a. taxes trade, and entitlement programs b. foreign relations and national security c. rules governing debate on the floor and committee assignments d. highways and waterways,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

62. Organizational reforms instituted by Congress in the 1970s a. fragmented power by reducing the power of committee chairs. b. centralized power into the hands of party leaders. c. sped up legislation by reducing the number of committees to which a bill was referred. d. reduced the scrutiny of the media by closing hearings to the public.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Understanding

6. The presidency is awarded to the candidate who wins a. a majority of votes in the electoral college. b. two-thirds of votes in the electoral college. c. a majority of the popular vote. d. two-thirds of the popular vote.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

82. "Dark money" comes from a. 527s. c. PACs. b. 501(c)(4)s. d. Super PACs.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

51. After the president and vice president which office is next in the line of succession? a. Speaker of the House c. secretary of state b. Senate majority leader d. attorney general,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

55. The main political value of the vice president is to a. bring the president votes in the election from a group or region that would not otherwise be a likely source of support. b. draw negative attention away from the president during times of crisis. c. give the president an institutional link to Congress. d. promote bipartisanship with members of the opposing political party.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

41. Which three factors related to the American electoral system affect who is elected to office in this country and what they do once they get there? a. party affiliation family connections, and the substance of issues raised during a campaign b. who decides to run for office, incumbency, and the drawing of district lines c. incumbency, franking, and party affiliation d. military service, professional connections, and religious beliefs,

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

77. What is the general tendency of a president's popularity? a. Presidents usually begin with moderate ratings that move drastically up or down depending on their success. b. Presidents usually start out popular and decline over the next four years. c. Presidents usually maintain the public approval ratings they had when entering office, unless there is an economic recession or international crisis. d. Presidents usually begin very unpopular and increase their popularity significantly as their terms in office continue.,

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

81. Which of the following derives its greatest source of influence from the support of civil society? a. the president c. the bureaucracy b. Congress d. the judiciary

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

56. Plurality and majority systems tend to a. increase the number of political parties. c. evolve into single-party systems. b. decrease the number of political parties. d. devolve into anarchy.

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

28. A pocket veto is a a. presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 30 days of a legislative session. b. presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of a legislative session. c. veto issued by the Senate against a bill passed in the House of Representatives. d. veto issued by the states against a law passed by Congress.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

63. When presidents use popular appeals in an attempt to create a mass base of support that will allow them to accomplish their goals it is referred to as ________. a. going rogue c. selling out b. going public d. propagandizing the public,

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

23. "Nader's Raiders" were a(n) a. environmental protection group in the 1970s that fought for carbon emission reductions. b. consumer advocacy group in the 1960s that fought for laws and regulations to improve product safety. c. prochoice group in the 1980s that sought to protect federally funded access to abortions for women in the South. d. peace group in the 1960s that fought for a reduction in the number of nuclear weapons worldwide.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

50. The increased number and importance of interest groups a. causes a subsequent expansion in government. b. is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government. c. is a response to a decrease in the size and activity of government. d. is due to the decline in the U.S. multiparty system.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Understanding

52. Social media are sometimes called the "weapon of the weak" because they a. are often used to attack or harass members of marginalized groups. b. allow small groups with limited resources to send their message across the nation and even around the world. c. are never used by political leaders or people in positions of power. d. rarely succeed in exerting any impact on political debates.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Understanding

14. A senator or representative running for re-election is called the ________. a. constituent c. trustee b. incumbent d. delegate

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

275

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

34. There are ________ states that have taken redistricting power away from state legislatures and given it to independent commissions. a. 0 c. 21 b. 6 d. 33

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

84. Money contributed directly to a political party to be used for voter registration or party building is called ________. a. graft c. a bribe b. soft money d. hard money

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

38. Which of the following statements best describes the representation of women and minorities in the U.S. Congress? a. Representation of women and minorities has decreased by one-third since the 1970s. b. Representation of women and minorities has increased during the past two decades but is not comparable to their proportions in the general population. c. Women are underrepresented in Congress, but there is a disproportionate representation of minorities in Congress. d. Since the mid-1990s, the number of women and minorities in Congress roughly reflects their proportions in the general population.,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

39. The most common private bills proposed in Congress are those a. giving individuals or corporations tax relief. b. for permanent visas or citizenship for foreign nationals. c. for defense contracts in a representative's district. d. that declare certain foreign nationals as enemies of the United States.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

67

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

35. A number of states have responded to concerns about partisan gerrymandering by a. banning redistricting. b. taking redistricting power away from their state legislature and giving it to independent commissions. c. taking redistricting power away from independent commissions and giving it to their state legislature. d. taking redistricting power away from independent commissions and giving it to their state governor.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

65. What is cloture? a. the ability of a senator to speak for as long as he or she wishes to prevent action from being taken on legislation that he or she opposes b. the process by which three-fifths of the Senate can end a filibuster c. the rule that allows one house of Congress to circumvent the other during the legislative process d. a lawsuit filed by a member of the Senate against a member of the House or vice versa

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

71. A ________ veto occurs when Congress adjourns during a 10-day period after presenting the president with a bill and he or she takes no action. a. procrastination c. silent b. pocket d. line-item

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

74. A legislative "hold" is a a. stalling tactic used in the U.S. House of Representatives to delay debate on a bill. b. stalling tactic used in the U.S. Senate to delay debate on a bill. c. way for bills to pass without approval by the House of Representatives. d. way for bills to pass without approval by the Senate.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

75. The framers gave the power to introduce "money bills" to the House of Representatives but not the Senate because they believed that a. the Senate was too small in size to make good decisions about taxing and spending. b. the chamber closest to the people should exercise greater authority over taxing and spending. c. every state should not have equal influence over taxing and spending decisions. d. taxing and spending were not important issues and the Senate should focus its attention on the country's most pressing problems.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Understanding

a closed rule

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Understanding

23. What is required for Congress to override a presidential veto? a. a majority of both houses of Congress b. two-thirds of both houses of Congress c. three-fourths of both houses of Congress d. a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

22. All executive agreements differ from formal treaties in that they a. must be approved by the U.S. Supreme Court but not by Congress. b. do not have to be approved by the Senate. c. do not have to be approved by the House. d. are generally formulated at meetings of the United Nations.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

30. Which of the following has caused an increase in the president's delegated powers? a. recent constitutional amendments broadening the president's powers b. the increasing scope and complexity of legislation c. the War Powers Resolution d. the shift toward a more bipartisan political environment in Congress

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

73. The framers of the Constitution believed that Congress's greatest prerogative would be its ________. a. war powers c. impeachment powers b. power of the purse d. oversight of the other two branches

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

74. President ________ began the era of greater presidential control over the budgetary process. a. Woodrow Wilson c. Richard Nixon b. Franklin Roosevelt d. Ronald Reagan

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

83. A 501(c)(4) a. is required to disclose where it gets its funds. b. may not spend more than half its revenue for political purposes. c. is required to disclose exactly how its money is spent. d. may not spend more than 10 percent of its revenue for political purposes.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

60. After the Civil War why was it considered inappropriate for President Andrew Johnson to make a series of speeches seeking public support for his policies? a. President Johnson traveled with his own press secretary, the first time a president had used public relations officials. b. During the nineteenth century, it was perceived to be undignified for a president to campaign on his own behalf. c. President Johnson did not speak to the general public, but instead spoke only to handpicked audiences where he knew he would be favorably received. d. President Johnson's speeches were delivered only in the former Confederate states and ignored the North, where he most needed support.,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

64. President Clinton was unusual among modern presidents because he left the White House a. less popular than when he entered. b. more popular than when he entered. c. without issuing a single signing statement. d. without issuing a single executive order.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

57. A ________ is an effort by political candidates and their staffs to win backing and support by voters in the quest for political office. a. gerrymander c. caucus b. campaign d. national convention

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

30. The ________ is the last example of indirect voting in national elections. a. referendum c. open primary b. electoral college d. closed primary

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Applying

10. A(n) ________ occurs when a voter must be registered with a party prior to voting in that party's election. a. open primary c. majority system b. closed primary d. referendum

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

12. Party activists who are elected to vote at a party's national convention are called ________. a. incumbents c. electors b. delegates d. whips

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

14. An election where the winner is the person who receives the most votes regardless of the percentage of votes received, is called a ________ system. a. majority c. proportionality b. plurality d. primary,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

15. The ________ is the most common electoral system used in general elections in the United States. a. majority system c. proportional representation system b. plurality system d. referendum

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

16. Most European nations utilize a ________. a. majority system c. blanket primary b. system of proportional representation d. closed primary

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

17. For the presidential primaries most but not all state parties use what type of election? a. winner-take-all c. majority rules b. proportional representation d. plurality,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

27. ________ involves purposefully drawing district boundaries to unfairly advantage one group or party. a. Proportional representation c. Balloting b. Gerrymandering d. Recall

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

31. Political campaigns that operate at a local level and use face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum by citizens are called a. Astroturf politics. c. socialism. b. grassroots politics. d. populism.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

35. ________ was a dark horse nominee for president. a. George Washington (1788) c. Ulysses S. Grant (1868) b. Warren Harding (1920) d. Franklin Roosevelt (1932)

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

40. The winner of the electoral college vote has not won the popular vote ________ time(s) in American history. a. one c. ten b. four d. thirty-four

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

52. A runoff election is likely to occur when a. there are only two candidates running in the election. b. there are more than two candidates running in the election. c. turnout in the election is very high. d. turnout in the election is very low.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

88. Partisan loyalty is likely to be highest in the election of ________. a. the president c. a U.S. senator b. a state legislator d. a governor

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

89. ________ occurs when a citizen votes for a candidate because he or she approves of the candidate's past record. a. Prospective voting c. Poll testing b. Retrospective voting d. Recall voting

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

76. The majority of political action committees represent ________. a. working-class and poor people b. business and professional groups c. Republicans and Democrats d. environmental groups and religious organizations

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

85. The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office a. is limited by a cap of $50 million. b. is protected absolutely by the First Amendment according to the Supreme Court. c. was forbidden by the Campaign Reform Act of 1974. d. is protected only if the candidate can match every personal dollar with a dollar from outside donations.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

87. The Supreme Court's decision in Buckley v. Valeo (1976) was significant because it a. rejected the idea that the federal government could place any limits on campaign contributions or spending. b. introduced the idea that money counts as "speech" under the First Amendment. c. affirmed the idea that all viable candidates for federal office should have the opportunity to receive federal funding for their campaigns. d. established the idea that corporations had the same free speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Understanding

18. The Christian Coalition is a(n) ________ group. a. public interest c. labor b. ideological d. business

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

11. What is the primary variable for predicting the likelihood of joining an interest group? a. having an interest shared by others b. having a higher income and education c. already being a member of a political party d. the region of the country in which an individual lives

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

4. James Madison called an interest group a ________. a. mob c. plutocracy b. faction d. social movement

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

5. ________ once wrote that "America was a nation of joiners." a. James Madison c. David Truman b. Alexis de Tocqueville d. Robert Dahl

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

10. It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because a. there are no constitutional means for unorganized interests to compete for attention. b. there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands. c. there are no measurements of interests and needs outside of representation. d. these interests often want to stay hidden from public view.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

2. The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that a. the public good should always trump individual interests. b. interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence. c. interest groups are factions that endanger liberty. d. democracy is best served by legalizing but regulating the influence of interest groups.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

32. National defense is a good example of a a. material benefit. c. solidary benefit. b. collective good. d. purposive benefit.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

29. A membership association is a group a. that accepts anyone as a member. b. in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration. c. in which members vote directly for their leaders. d. in which only members may receive benefits.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

31. A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a ________. a. free rider c. solidary benefit b. collective good d. purposive benefit

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

71. Which of the following Supreme Court cases illustrates the use of litigation by an interest group? a. Roe v. Wade (1973) b. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) c. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) d. United States v. Nixon (1974)

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Applying

56. What is the most important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials? a. money c. campaign workers b. information d. legal assistance

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

62. Two laws that have played an important role in opening the bureaucratic process to interest group influence are the a. 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act and the Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990. b. Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946. c. 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act and the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act. d. 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

63. Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are often called ________. a. amicus curiae c. lobbyists b. stakeholders d. iron triangles

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

64. ________ was an important Washington lobbyist who was indicted in 2005 on charges of violating federal lobbying laws. a. Valerie Plame c. Paul Wolfowitz b. Jack Abramoff d. Karl Rove

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

67. The most important attempt to limit the influence of lobbyists in recent years was the a. USA PATRIOT Act. c. indictment of Jack Abramoff. b. 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act. d. Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

78. Which of the following was eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign finance reforms? a. political action committees (PACs) b. soft money c. laws limiting the amount a candidate may spend of his or her personal fortune d. interest group lobbying

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

87. ________ led the drive to kill the 2007 immigration reform bill supported by President Bush and a number of congressional Democrats. a. Anonymous c. MoveOn.org b. Grassfire.org d. EMILY's List

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

82. What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence? a. Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government. b. Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves. c. Lobbying is the only form of influence that has explicit First Amendment protection from regulation. d. Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

80. The ________ is/are responsible for communicating the leader's wishes to members in Congress. a. Speaker of the House and the Senate president pro tempore b. party whips c. party caucuses d. Ways and Means Committee

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Remembering

84. Most members of the House attempt to stay on good terms with the Speaker of the House because the Speaker a. has the authority to call all party unity votes. b. possesses the power of recognition. c. approves all requests for logrolling. d. makes all decisions regarding how leadership PACs will distribute their funds.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Understanding

45. Who has the most real power in the Senate? a. the president of the Senate b. the majority and minority leaders c. the Senate president pro tempore d. the chair of the Rules Committee

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

46. Who decides which committee assignments members of the House of Representatives receive? a. the Speaker of the House b. each party's own steering and policy committee c. the president for members of his own party and either the House majority or minority leader for opposition members d. each party's whip,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

48. The jurisdiction of standing committees a. is related to a specific geographic region. b. is defined by the subject matter of legislation which often parallels the major cabinet departments or agencies. c. is determined by the different political parties. d. often overlaps with the jurisdiction of select committees.,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

59. The Tea Party caucus refers to a group of a. conservative Republicans in the House and the Senate who seek to advance patriotism and a greater appreciation of American history. b. conservative Republicans in the House and the Senate who seek to advance antispending policies. c. liberal Democrats in the House and the Senate who seek to advance antispending policies. d. liberal Democrats in the House and the Senate who seek to advance patriotism and a greater appreciation of American history.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

51. The House Rules Committee is important because it a. is placed in charge of selecting the Speaker of the House. b. decides the order in which bills come up for a vote on the House floor and determines the specific rules that govern the length of debate and opportunity for amendments. c. reviews all applications regarding the formation of select committees. d. determines the jurisdiction of every congressional standing committee.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Understanding

55. The Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction was unique among joint committees because it a. included members of both the House and the Senate. b. had the power to write and report legislation. c. was created as a permanent committee. d. only included members of the House of Representatives.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Understanding

58. A congressional caucus is a(n) a. formal substructure of congressional parties oriented toward fund-raising. b. unofficial group of representatives or senators sharing similar interests or opinions. c. formal committee that has the power to propose and write legislation. d. vote by members of the House to determine who the Speaker of the House will be.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Understanding

60. A formal structure of Congress that exemplifies the need to divide the labor of legislation is the a. establishment of party whips. b. establishment of standing committees. c. strict control over floor time in Congress. d. establishment of minority and majority leaders.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Understanding

2. Which of the following attributes did the framers intend for the office of the president to possess? a. popularity c. unrestrained power b. energy d. high level of formal education

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

4. The rise of national conventions to nominate the president led to the empowerment of ________. a. Congress c. the voters b. state party leaders d. interest groups

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The office of the presidency was established by Article ________ of the Constitution. a. I c. III b. II d. V

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

45. The president's group of advisers and analysts is collectively called the ________. a. Cabinet c. Executive Council of Advisers b. White House staff d. Department of State

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

46. The formal group of presidential foreign policy advisers established in 1947, is called the ________. a. State Department c. Council on Foreign Relations b. National Security Council d. War Council,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

49. ________ states that the vice president assumes the presidency in the event of the chief executive's death or incapacity. a. Article I of the Constitution b. The Twenty-Fifth Amendment c. The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 d. United States v. Nixon

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

56. The Cabinet a. has no legal status under the Constitution. b. does not meet as a group except during the State of the Union address. c. secretaries do not have to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate. d. has no responsibility to Congress.,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

57. The primary constitutional task of the vice president besides succeeding the president in case of death, resignation, or incapacitation, is to a. serve as Speaker of the House of Representatives b. cast tiebreaking votes in the Senate c. represent the president overseas d. run the day-to-day operations of the Executive Office of the President,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

52. Presidential spouses are an important resource for the president in order to carry out the duty of ________. a. head of government c. commander in chief b. head of state d. chief diplomat

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Understanding

78. The president's partisan ties are most important in a. winning support from public opinion. b. raising campaign funds. c. dealing with Congress on legislative matters. d. making executive appointments.

ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

44. Netroots groups are less expensive to organize than traditional interest groups because they a. do not provide any selective benefits to their members. b. spend much less time communicating with their members and much more time lobbying policy makers. c. have a streamlined staff structure with fewer staff who often work from virtual offices. d. are always run entirely by volunteers who take no salary.

ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

58. As a means of managing the gigantic executive branch presidents have increasingly come to rely on the ________. a. Cabinet c. White House staff b. Executive Office of the President d. Speaker of the House,

ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Understanding

1. A U.S. senator has a ________-year term. a. two c. six b. four d. eight

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

47. What major national-level development happened in the late nineteenth century? a. The Constitution was ratified. b. The Civil War ended. c. Federal officials attempted to regulate more aspects of interstate commerce and combat monopolies. d. The New Deal policies were implemented.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Remembering

89. Who were the only two presidents to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives? a. Andrew Johnson and Richard Nixon b. Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover c. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton d. Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

8. The first woman to serve in Congress was ________. a. Susan B. Anthony c. Jeanette Rankin b. Eleanor Roosevelt d. Nancy Pelosi

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

27. The so-called bridge to nowhere was important because it became a symbol of a. the problems with Congress's lack of racial diversity. b. the Supreme Court's increasing willingness to overturn acts of Congress. c. wasteful congressional spending through earmarks. d. the federal government's ability to effectively respond to infrastructure problems.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

31. One reason some people support the establishment of term limits in the House and Senate is that it will a. decrease the power and influence of interest groups. b. decrease turnover in Congress and lead to more experienced legislators. c. increase turnover and get new faces into Congress. d. limit the power and influence of the judiciary.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

66. A filibuster allows members of the Senate to a. refer a bill to multiple committees. b. avoid a conference committee. c. prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor. d. add amendments to any bill at any time.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Understanding

40. The wars in Korea Vietnam, Bosnia, and Afghanistan were all fought a. without presidential approval. b. under the authority provided by the War Powers Resolution. c. without a formal declaration of war from Congress. d. with a formal declaration of war from Congress.,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

15. The Executive Office of the President was created during the administration of ________. a. Abraham Lincoln c. Franklin Roosevelt b. Theodore Roosevelt d. Harry Truman

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

20. An executive-congressional agreement is a contract between two countries that can be approved with a a. statement by the Speaker of the House. b. statement by the Senate majority leader. c. simple majority vote in both houses. d. simple majority vote in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

24. Congress has successfully overridden a presidential veto ________ times in American history. a. 2 c. 110 b. 23 d. 563

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

25. Richard Nixon claimed ________ when he refused to turn over secret White House tapes to congressional investigators. a. presidential immunity c. executive privilege b. expressed powers d. the Fifth Amendment

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

39. The goal of the War Powers Resolution was to a. compel a congressional declaration of war for every large-scale military operation. b. limit the ability of Congress to cut off funding for troops when the president sends them overseas without congressional approval. c. limit the power of the president to commit American troops to military action without authorization from Congress. d. end the Vietnam War.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

59. During the nineteenth century ________ was America's dominant institution of government. a. the presidency c. Congress b. the Supreme Court d. the executive bureaucracy,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

62. Under President Obama online petitions submitted to the White House must receive ________ signatures to be reviewed and commented on by the administration. a. 1,000 c. 100,000 b. 10,000 d. 1 million,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

65. The technique of popular mobilization dates back to the ________ presidency. a. Thomas Jefferson c. Theodore Roosevelt b. Ulysses Grant d. Franklin Roosevelt

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

61. Under President Bill Clinton the White House Communications Office a. was renamed the Executive Office of the President. b. was placed under the direct control of the vice president. c. became responsible for developing and implementing a coordinated communications strategy on behalf of the president's agenda. d. became responsible for managing all negotiations between the executive and legislative branches of government.,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

75. The expansion of the Executive Office of the President the development of regulatory review, and the use of executive orders have been important because they a. are deeply unpopular with the public and have led to the declining trust in American government. b. make it very difficult for challengers to defeat incumbent presidents in elections. c. have given presidents substantial capacity to achieve significant policy results despite congressional opposition to their legislative agendas. d. have dramatically limited the power of the president and made it easier for Congress to dominate the American political system.,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

67. Which of the following statements about campaign spending in Senate elections is true? a. Incumbents generally spend less money than challengers in Senate campaigns. b. Incumbents and challengers generally spend the same amount of money in Senate campaigns. c. Incumbents generally spend more money than challengers in Senate campaigns. d. Incumbents and challengers in Senate campaigns are legally limited to spending only $2 million.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Applying

68. When does public-opinion polling take place during a campaign? a. at the very beginning c. throughout the entire campaign b. only toward the end of the campaign d. never

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

71. Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign in 2016 was unique because it a. was a purely mass-media campaign. b. was a purely grassroots campaign. c. combined elements of both grassroots and mass-media campaigns. d. did not incorporate any elements from grassroots or mass-media campaigns.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Understanding

13. A majority system which is used on a limited basis in the United States, requires that a candidate must win ________ to win an election. a. at least 33 percent of all votes cast b. at least 40 percent of all votes cast c. 50 percent plus one of all votes cast d. at least 60 percent of all votes cast, plus a percentage of absentee ballots,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

18. When an American voter supports only one party's candidate she or she is said to be voting a ________ ticket. a. dual c. straight b. single d. split,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

19. Before the 1890s who was responsible for printing election ballots? a. the federal government c. political parties b. state governments d. voters,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

22. The boundaries of legislative districts in the United States are to be redrawn every ________ years. a. 4 c. 10 b. 6 d. 15

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

41. Which of the following was NOT an election in which the person who was elected president failed to receive more popular votes than his opponent? a. 1876 c. 1912 b. 1888 d. 2000

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

45. A referendum is the a. congressional election held between presidential elections. b. power to remove an elected official from office during the middle of his or her term. c. practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection. d. process by which a party selects its candidates for the general election.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

48. Which of the following politicians was recalled from office? a. President Warren Harding (1921) b. New York City mayor David Dinkins (1993) c. California governor Gray Davis (2003) d. President Richard Nixon (1972)

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

75. Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called ________. a. corporations c. political action committees b. political parties d. political consulting firms

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

12. The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) are examples of ________. a. public interest groups c. labor groups b. business groups d. ideological groups

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

power

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

41. A ________ is the best example of an informational benefit provided by many interest groups. a. consciousness-raising workshop c. newsletter b. free T-shirt d. health insurance program

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

42. The liberal-leaning MoveOn.org and the conservative-leaning Americans for Prosperity are examples of a. iron triangles. c. netroots political associations. b. issue networks. d. legacy organizations.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

material

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

37. Many interest groups are initially organized because a. most state-level government agencies will only negotiate policy implementation with organized groups. b. funding opportunities provided by the federal bureaucracy encourage collective action. c. a political entrepreneur with a strong commitment to a particular set of goals believes that a group will promote and enhance his or her goals and political influence. d. a politician has lost an election and wants to challenge the results.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

38. The free-rider problem occurs because a. members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation. b. the benefits of a group's actions are available only to a specific segment of society. c. the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers. d. members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public opinion polls.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

58. Another name for lobbying is ________. a. stalking c. petitioning b. mobilizing d. litigating

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

68. Which of the following groups has had the greatest success with a strategy of litigation? a. National Chamber of Commerce b. National Rifle Association c. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People d. Southern Christian Leadership Conference

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

81. Alexis de Tocqueville argued that the proliferation of interest groups promoted ________. a. tyranny of the majority c. governmental responsiveness b. undemocratic elitism d. economic equality

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

88. Anonymous is a(n) a. interest group closely associated with the New Politics movement. b. Super PAC that gives primarily to Republican candidates. c. loosely associated network of activists and hackers that specializes in online protests. d. "dark money" 501(c)(4) organization.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

61. The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to a. forbid lobbying of administrative agencies. b. reduce the number of lawsuits by encouraging interest groups to solve conflicts with administrative agencies through mediation. c. encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations. d. eliminate iron triangles.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

90. The primary function of a political action committee (PAC) is to a. raise grassroots support for a particular interest. b. build better networks between interest groups and political parties. c. raise and distribute money to election campaigns. d. produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

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ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Applying

52. The Senate Watergate Committee of 1973 is an example of a ________ committee. a. conference c. select b. joint d. standing

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Applying

43. How is the Speaker of the House determined? a. The vice president of the United States is also Speaker of the House. b. The representative with the longest tenure in the House is the Speaker of the House. c. The elected leader of the majority party in the House is the Speaker. d. The president selects the Speaker of the House from the majority party in the House.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

53. Congressional leaders form ________ committees when they want to take up an issue that falls between the jurisdiction of existing committees to highlight an issue, or to investigate a particular problem. a. conference c. select b. joint d. standing,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

57. Which agencies in Congress are designed to oversee administrative agencies and evaluate presidential proposals? a. committee c. staff b. oversight d. review

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

8. The turning point in American politics toward a president-centered government came about during the administration of ________. a. Andrew Jackson c. Franklin Roosevelt b. Abraham Lincoln d. John Kennedy

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

9. The rise of the national convention was important because it a. placed the power of selecting presidential candidates entirely in the hands of federal judges. b. placed the power of selecting presidential candidates entirely in the hands of congressional leaders. c. gave the presidency a mass popular base that would eventually support and demand increased presidential power. d. took away the presidency's mass popular base and made the president a much weaker political actor.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Understanding

43. The ________ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments. a. White House staff c. Cabinet b. Presidential Advisory Committee d. Executive Office of the President

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

44. The president has the power to appoint which of the following positions? a. state governors who resign before their terms have expired b. all state Supreme Court justices c. cabinet secretaries d. members of the House of Representatives who resign before their terms have expired

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

47. The Office of Management and Budget and the Council of Economic Advisers are both parts of the ________. a. Cabinet c. Executive Office of the President b. White House staff d. Department of the Interior

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

53. ________ was the first first lady to seek public office on her own. a. Dolley Madison c. Hillary Clinton b. Eleanor Roosevelt d. Laura Bush

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

72. ________ is a strategy that attempts to mobilize the widest and most favorable climate of opinion. a. Litigation c. Creating an iron triangle b. Creating a "war room" d. Going public

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

79. Which of the following statements about signing statements is NOT true? a. Presidents have made signing statements throughout American history. b. Ronald Reagan's attorney general Edwin Meese, is credited with transforming the signing statement into a routine tool of presidential direct action. c. George W. Bush issued more than 150 signing statements during his time in office. d. Ever since Thomas Jefferson's presidency, all presidential signing statements have been recorded and added to the official legislative record.,

ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

47. The term whip in discussions of Congress refers to a. a punishment party leaders give when a member of Congress does not vote with the rest of his or her party. b. a Senate rule that allows 60 senators to immediately end another senator's filibuster. c. the majority party leader's chief of staff. d. a party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the party's legislative strategy

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

48. Which of the following issues is part of the agenda of the New Politics movement? a. telecommunications deregulation b. occupational health and safety legislation c. industrial deregulation d. nuclear disarmament

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Remembering

49. The New Politics movement gave rise to ________ groups. a. ideological c. labor b. partisan d. public interest

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Remembering

11. What is the most common occupation among members of Congress before coming to Congress? a. business executive c. college professor b. lobbyist d. lawyer

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

12. Approximately ________ percent of members of Congress have university degrees. a. 33 c. 75 b. 50 d. 90

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

16. The "sophomore surge" refers to the a. fact that many members of Congress lose their re-election campaigns after their second term in office. b. tendency for college students to intern with their local members of Congress during the summer between their sophomore and junior years in college. c. fact that most members of Congress leave office after serving only two years. d. tendency for candidates to win a higher percentage of the vote when seeking future terms in office.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

19. The process of allocating congressional seats among the 50 states is called ________. a. redistricting c. redlining b. gerrymandering d. apportionment

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

1959

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

2. Which of the following typically affects an individual's decision to run for elected office? a. the strength of the individual's connections with interest groups and the national party organization b. the individual's ability to meet the age and citizenship duration requirements c. the individual's ability to raise money for his or her campaign d. All of these are correct.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

22. The term pork barrel refers to a. any piece of legislation that changes the number of agricultural subsidies provided to farmers by the federal government. b. the collective set of laws that regulate America's meat exports. c. bills that grant a special privilege to a person named in the bill. d. appropriations made by legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but are created so that local representatives can win re-election in their home districts.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

23. Between 1995 and 2006 the number of congressional earmarks a. remained the same. c. nearly doubled. b. dropped to nearly zero. d. increased by a factor of 10.,

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

25. In 2011 a. the House of Representatives dramatically increased the number of earmarks in their spending bills, while the Senate dramatically decreased the number of earmarks in their spending bills. b. the Senate dramatically increased the number of earmarks in their spending bills, while the House of Representatives dramatically decreased the number of earmarks in their spending bills. c. both the House of Representatives and the Senate dramatically increased the number of earmarks in their spending bills. d. the House and the Senate agreed to a two-year moratorium on earmarks in spending bills.,

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

26. ________ bills are one of Congress's favorite vehicles for pork-barrel spending. a. Education c. Health care b. Veteran's affairs d. Highway

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

79. How can congressional party leaders secure the unity and cooperation of their members? a. through committee assignments b. by providing access to the floor c. through the whip system d. All of these are correct

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Understanding

36. The Supreme Court has ruled that a. reapportionment can only take place in a state once every 20 years. b. reapportionment can only take place in a state once every 40 years. c. state governments must give voters final approval over any congressional district lines that are drawn by a state legislature. d. state governments can use independent commissions rather than state legislatures to draw congressional district lines.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

9. The first woman was elected to Congress in ________. a. 1790 c. 1892 b. 1865 d. 1917

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

West

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

29. The frequency with which they must seek re-election makes members of the U.S. House of Representatives a. more responsive to the needs of the elites in the states they represent. b. less responsive to the needs of the elites in the states they represent. c. less responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent. d. more responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

37. Race became a major factor in drawing congressional district lines as a result of a. Title IX of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. b. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. c. the Supreme Court's decision in Shelby County v. Holder. d. the 1982 amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

64. A closed or an open rule refers to congressional provisions regarding a. whether deliberations are closed or open to the general public. b. assignment to powerful committees. c. whether lobbyists are allowed inside Congress. d. floor debate on a bill.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

68. The "the nuclear option" refers to a a. proposal to extend the use of the filibuster to the House of Representatives. b. constitutional amendment to eliminate senatorial approval of nominees for positions in the executive branch and the federal courts. c. policy of restructuring Congress in a way that would eliminate the committee system. d. change to the filibuster rules enacted in 2013 that prevents the filibustering of nominees for positions in the executive branch and the federal courts.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

73. The session in which a congressional committee rewrites legislation to incorporate changes discussed during hearings on a bill is called the a. logrolling stage. c. roll call vote. b. oversight phase. d. committee markup.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

18. President Bush ________ in order to allow the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to coordinate the government's response to Hurricane Katrina. a. signed an executive agreement c. issued a signing statement b. passed an unfunded mandate d. declared a "state of emergency"

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

12. The Supreme Court affirmed the power of the president to remove appointed officials from office in a. Clinton v. Jones. c. Youngstown Co. v. Sawyer. b. Rasul v. Bush. d. Myers v. United States.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

21. A sole executive agreement is a a. formal contract negotiated by a state governor and the president that requires the Senate's approval. b. treaty negotiated by the Senate and a foreign state that requires the president's approval. c. formal contract between the United States and a foreign state that is approved by a vote in the House of Representatives. d. simple understanding between the president and a foreign state that is not submitted to Congress for approval.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

38. The Environmental Protection Agency a. was created by President Richard Nixon's executive order in 1970. b. is responsible for establishing and enforcing air and water quality standards. c. is an agency of the executive bureaucracy. d. All of these are correct.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

41. When members of Congress delegate power to the executive branch it a. substantially reduces the power of the federal government compared to state governments. b. violates the Constitution by violating the separation of powers. c. substantially reduces the importance of the presidency. d. substantially enhances the importance of the presidency.,

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

68. In Youngstown Co. v. Sawyer (1952) the Supreme Court justices determined that a. segregation in the public schools was unconstitutional. b. the president could not deploy federal troops to forcibly desegregate public schools. c. the phrase "under God" could be legally added to the Pledge of Allegiance. d. President Truman could not nationalize the steel mills in America.,

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

76. Which of the following statements about signing statements is most accurate? a. The Constitution requires that the president explain his or her interpretation of every law he or she signs by issuing a signing statement. b. Although signing statements were commonly used prior to 1900 no modern president has issued them when signing a piece of legislation into law. c. Signing statements never instruct executive agencies whether to implement sections of a new law and never interpret ambiguous provisions of the law. d. While presidents have made signing statements throughout American history, they have only recently been recorded and made part of the official legislative record.,

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

55. Which of the following is the best example of direct democracy in the United States? a. gerrymandering c. prospective voting b. retrospective voting d. referendum

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Applying

24. The original gerrymander is attributed to ________. a. Thomas Jefferson c. Alexander Hamilton b. James Madison d. Elbridge Gerry

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

26. The principle of "one person one vote" was established by the Supreme Court in the ________. a. 1820s c. 1930s b. 1870s d. 1960s,

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

38. Which of the following is NOT accomplished at a party's national convention? a. nomination of the presidential candidate b. determination of the party's rules concerning future convention delegate selection c. drafting the party platform d. nomination of senatorial candidates

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

47. Which of the following political officers is/are subject to recall elections? a. the president b. members of the House of Representatives c. federal judges d. the governor of the state of California

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

49. The advent of the Australian ballot in the early twentieth century was significant because it a. removed all party labels from the voting process. b. allowed voters to rank order each of the candidates running for a given office. c. provided voters with the ability to write in candidates who did not have their names printed on the ballot. d. enabled voters to make their choices on the basis of the individual candidate rather than the collective merits of a party's candidates.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

7. What are political parties more capable of doing than interest groups? a. raising money b. providing purposive benefits c. articulating a clear and persuasive ideology d. organizing people on a mass scale

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

13. Organized interest groups enhance American democracy by a. fielding large numbers of electable candidates. b. financing large numbers of election campaigns. c. empowering less-potent segments of society. d. representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

15. The 2012 debate over the antipiracy bills known as SOPA and PIPA demonstrates that a. local governments are more open to the influence of interest groups than state governments. b. state governments are more open to the influence of interest groups than the federal government. c. large groups that are well represented in Washington are almost never defeated in political struggle. d. even large groups that are well represented in Washington are sometimes defeated in political struggle.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

24. The collection of grassroots online activist organizations that have redefined membership and fund-raising practices and streamlined staff structure are referred to as the a. 527 committees. c. Super PACs. b. pluralists. d. netroots.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

36. ________ have been one of AARP's most effective methods of mobilizing thousands of its members for political action. a. Robocalls c. Email lists b. Direct mailings d. "Telephone trees"

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

70. The ________ regularly uses litigation to challenge state and federal laws that restrict the rights of individuals and groups. a. New Politics Movement c. Department of Justice b. Tea Party d. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

80. Most initiative campaigns today are sponsored by a. candidates for political office who see it as a way to engage in money swapping. b. issue networks that want to change government policies without attracting attention from the public. c. citizens who care deeply about a given issue. d. interest groups seeking to circumvent legislative opposition to their goals.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

91. Individuals and organizations can give an unlimited amount of money to ________. a. U.S. Senate candidates c. political parties b. U.S. presidential candidates d. Super PACs

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

42. Congressional organization is influenced by which of the following? a. parliamentary rules of the House and Senate b. political parties c. the committee system d. All of these are correct

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

49. The president pro tempore of the Senate is usually a. the minority party leader with the greatest seniority. b. the minority party leader with the least seniority. c. selected directly by the president. d. the majority party member with the greatest seniority.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

56. Congressional staff members' responsibilities include a. negotiating with lobbyists. b. drafting legislative proposals. c. handling constituent requests. d. All of these are correct.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

48. The Council of Economic Advisers a. negotiates foreign trade treaties on behalf of the federal government. b. regulates all stock market transactions and enforces federal antitrust laws. c. sets interest rates for the federal government. d. analyzes the economy and economic trends in order to help the president anticipate economic events.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

50. How many vice presidents have had to replace presidents who died in office over the course of American history? a. 0 c. 8 b. 3 d. 12

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

92. When the Consumer Confidence Index is greater than 100 prior to an election

Americans tend to a. vote for third-party presidential candidates. b. vote for the incumbent party's presidential candidate. c. vote against the incumbent party's presidential candidate. d. abstain from voting., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

17. Dwight Eisenhower used ________ in 1957 to send troops to Little Rock

Arkansas, to help desegregate Central High School. a. the national guard c. the War Powers Act b. presidential emergency power d. the elastic clause, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

1. National elections are held in the United States on the first Tuesday of November ________ year(s). a. every c. every three b. every other d. every four

B

3. The primary responsibility for conducting public elections rests with ________. a. the federal government c. political parties b. state and local governments d. the candidates running for office

B

4. During midterm electionsvoters are selecting ________. a. federal judges c. the president b. members of Congress d. national-level referendums,

B

5. Most Americans have the opportunity to vote in ________ election(s) each year. a. one c. six to eight b. three to four d. ten

B

2. A(n) ________ does not coincide with a presidential election. a. closed primary election c. midterm election b. open primary election d. referendum

C

7. ________ currently use(s) the "top two primary" system. a. Every state in the country c. Two states (California and Washington) b. Twenty-two states d. One state (Washington)

C

32. Which of the following statements about Congress and the executive branch is most accurate? a. The Constitution explicitly prohibits Congress from providing specific guidelines to executive agencies for implementing laws. b. Starting around the time of the New Deal

Congress has tended to draft legislation that offers very specific guidelines for implementation by the executive. c. Congress has never given executive agencies broad mandates and has always drafted legislation that offers very specific guidelines for implementation by the executive. d. Starting around the time of the New Deal, Congress has tended to give executive agencies broad mandates and to draft legislation that offers few clear guidelines for implementation by the executive., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

84. In 1996

Congress passed legislation that a. lifted all limits on the number of gifts lobbyists could give members of Congress. b. banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches. c. eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress. d. allowed businesses to deduct lobbying costs as a business expense., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

78. Which is the best description of the K Street Project? a. an attempt to place former Republican staffers in key lobbying positions to help ensure a large flow of corporate donations to the Republican Party b. an attempt by Democrats to place party loyalists in key positions in the administrative agencies that line K Street in Washington

D.C. c. orchestrated by the Federalist Society, it has the goal of placing conservatives on the federal courts. d. a bipartisan movement to get the offices of congressional staffers expanded beyond Capitol Hill to K Street., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Remembering

89. According to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971

a. individuals may contribute up $15,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election. b. each candidate or campaign committee is required to itemize the full name and address, occupation, and principal business of each person who contributes more than $100. c. political action committees can contribute $500,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election. d. unrestricted "soft money" donations to the national political parties would be eliminated., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

42. Under the National Popular Vote plan

a. the electoral college would be abolished and the candidate with the most votes in the country overall would become president. b. a state's electoral college votes would go to the candidate who won the national popular vote, not the candidate with a plurality of votes in that specific state. c. the individual state-level caucus and primary elections during the nomination stage would be replaced with a national primary to be held on the first Tuesday of March during a presidential election year. d. members of the Senate would be elected by the country on the whole instead of by individual states., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

15. In recent years

about ________ percent of U.S. House incumbents win re-election. a. 50 c. 80 b. 66 d. 95, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

70. How can Congress override a president's veto? a. A president's veto can be overridden with a two-thirds vote in either chamber. b. A president's veto can be overridden with a two-thirds vote in both chambers. c. A president's veto can be overridden with a simple majority vote in both chambers. d. A president's veto cannot be overridden

according to the U.S. Constitution., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

29. Which of the following statements is true? a. Federal law since 2002 requires that all states use the same type of voting equipment. b. The Supreme Court has mandated that all voting machines provide a paper ballot. c. Voting equipment varies from county to county throughout the United States. d. Since 2000

all voting equipment has been required to use a butterfly ballot., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Applying

65. An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between a. a legislative committee

an executive agency, and the federal courts. b. the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups. c. a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency. d. the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

54. When Hillary Clinton won the plurality of votes in California during the 2016 election

and California had 53 representatives in the House of Representatives, how many electoral votes from California did she win? a. 53 c. 62 b. 55 d. 77, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Applying

69. What happened when President Harry Truman seized control of industry during the Korean War? a. His action was upheld by the Supreme Court justices as a constitutional exercise of war powers. b. Congress passed a bill shortly afterward that retroactively approved the steel mill seizures. c. The Supreme Court justices declared that his actions were without basis in law or the Constitution. d. Congress immediately passed a bill that legally prohibited the president from seizing the mills

and President Truman quickly rescinded his executive order., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

27. The State of the Union address is a. required by a law passed by Congress in 1803 and renewed ever since. b. requested by the president

and comity demands that his or her request is always accepted. c. based on tradition, but was discontinued during the Great Depression and World War II. d. mandated by the Constitution., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

30. Senators' longer terms of office

and larger, more heterogeneous constituencies makes them more a. attuned to the needs of groups and interests organized on a city or countywide basis. b. likely to consider new ideas and better able to act as the agents for groups and interests organized on a statewide or national basis. c. likely to serve existing interests than to bring together new coalitions of interests. d. likely to spend their time thinking about and running for re-election., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

91. The impeachment process is a. a nonpartisan exercise. b. one where all legislators have a common understanding of the definition of "high crimes and misdemeanors." c. a partisan exercise. d. carried out entirely by the Senate

and the House has no role to play., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Applying

37. Which of the following statements about the presidential veto is most accurate? a. Presidents have used the veto only twice in American history. b. Use of the veto has remained constant across presidential administrations

and vetoes are frequently overridden. c. Use of the veto varies considerably across presidential administrations, and vetoes are seldom overridden. d. Use of the veto has remained constant across presidential administrations, and vetoes are seldom overridden., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

13. In 1972

approximately ________ percent of House members' personal staff were located in district offices

79. Interest groups are permitted to spend as much money as they want on issue advocacy during a campaign season

as long as they a. do not coordinate their efforts with a candidate's own campaign organization. b. are willing to publicize their membership lists. c. present both sides of the issue in their issue advocacy ads. d. do not employ any person who has formerly worked on a political campaign., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

74. During the 1880s

as many as ________ people worked on political campaigns. a. 50,000 c. 1 million b. 100,000 d. 2.5 million, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

67. The filibuster a. has never been a frequently used tactic in the U.S. Senate. b. was rarely used throughout most of American history

but has become a frequently used tactic in the U.S. Senate during the last 20 years. c. was a frequently used tactic in the U.S. Senate throughout most of American history, but has almost never been used during the last 20 years. d. has always been a frequently used tactic in the U.S. Senate., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Applying

78. ________ are sums of money spent to influence an election

but the donating organization is not allowed to coordinate with a candidate's official campaign. a. Seed money donations c. Soft money donations b. Hard money donations d. Independent expenditures, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering 79. Super PACs were made possible by the a. Federal Election Campaign Act. b. Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. c. Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. d. Supreme Court's decision in Buckley v. Valeo.

63. By using donor lists or magazine subscription lists

candidates are able to engage in ________. a. direct mail solicitations c. redlining b. town meetings d. benign gerrymandering, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering 64. Local election campaigns tend to be ________, while statewide elections tend to be ________. a. caucuses

5. Which sort of representation is based on the principle that if two individuals are similar in background

character, interests, and perspectives, then one could correctly represent the other's views? a. agency representation c. trustee representation b. sociological representation d. delegate representation, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

34. While traditional party conventions were ________

contemporary party conventions are ________. a. deliberative assemblies to determine nominations

37. Before the post-World War II era

dark horse candidates were most likely to arise at a national convention when a. deadlocks between major factions developed. b. no other candidate wanted the nomination. c. charismatic leaders dominated the proceedings. d. an incumbent president was running for re-election., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

45. The major organizational factors shared by most interest groups are a. very close links with the national news media

direct ties to a member of Congress, a headquarters in Washington, D.C., and members. b. very close links with the national news media, connections with Hollywood, direct ties to the president of the United States, and members. c. leadership, money, an agency or office, and members. d. leadership, a rigid hierarchical structure, access to loans from the Federal Reserve, and members., ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

75. ________ occurs when interest groups generate phony letters

emails, and phone calls in order to resemble a grassroots movement. a. Sandlot ball c. Populism b. Astroturf lobbying d. Hardball politics, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

94. Which three types of factors influence the decisions of voters at the polls? a. wealth

education, and issues b. advertising, partisan loyalty, and personality c. partisan loyalty, issues, and the characteristics of candidates d. advertising, debates, and issues, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Understanding

73. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

election campaigns tended to be ________. a. capital intensive c. media driven b. labor intensive d. guided by campaign consultants, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

93. Politicians attempt to "balance the ticket" with members of many important groups because a. interest groups frequently engage in direct lobbying to enhance diversity in campaigns. b. affirmative action legislation from the 1960s requires proportional representation in all elections. c. voters tend to prefer candidates who are closer to themselves in terms of race

ethnicity, religion, gender, geography, and social background. d. the Constitution requires at least minimal levels of representation in election campaigns., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Understanding

69. Interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence by a. filing amicus curiae briefs

financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group. b. directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress. c. engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges. d. working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

51. Which of the following groups is most likely to belong to the New Politics movement? a. blue-collar workers whose formative experience was the Great Depression b. upper-middle-class professionals

for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s were key experiences c. conservative evangelical southerners reacting to the cultural changes of the 1960s d. recent immigrants to the United States, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Understanding

53. A full-page

fully paid spread in the New York Times publicizing a major oil company is best described as ________. a. going public c. institutional advertising b. lobbying d. an issue network, ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Applying

20. If a citizen votes for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator

he or she has engaged in ________. a. an open primary c. the coattail effect b. split-ticket voting d. a closed primary, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

25. If a person enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but does not contribute to those efforts

he or she is called a ________. a. citizen c. free rider b. subject d. lobbyist, ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

50. Early presidential primaries and caucuses are more important because they a. allocate more than 85 percent of all delegates in the nomination process. b. encourage more candidates to run for the nomination in later primaries and caucuses. c. can help a candidate secure media attention and financial support. d. are held in the largest

most populated states., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

43. Which of the following statements about netroots associations and traditional interest groups is most accurate? a. While most traditional interest groups are focused on a single issue

netroots associations are often issue generalists that have a wide umbrella of issues for which they lobby. b. While most netroots associations are focused on a single issue, traditional interest groups are often issue generalists that have a wide umbrella of issues for which they lobby. c. Both traditional interest groups and netroots associations maintain a large number of offices in Washington, D.C., and other regional locations. d. While most netroots associations maintain a large number of offices in Washington, D.C., and other regional locations, most traditional interest groups do not., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

34. Rather than offering its members ________ benefits

netroots associations often offer their members ________ benefits. a. purposive

3. How the Constitution balances the threat posed by organized interests with the need for liberty is discussed in the a. Federalist Papers

no. 7. c. Federalist Papers, no. 51. b. Federalist Papers, no. 10. d. Antifederalist Papers, no. 78., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

21. What did the Supreme Court justices declare in Miller v. Johnson (1995)? a. Districts could not be drawn to favor the incumbent candidate. b. The racial composition of a district could not be the predominant factor when redistricting. c. It was not unconstitutional for states to use an unelected

nonpartisan committee to redistrict. d. The use of computer technologies to draw districts that will favor one party over another is unconstitutional., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

8. Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that a. they claim to serve the common good

not just their own particular interests. b. they were the first political associations to use the strategy of direct mailing. c. they were the first group to abandon lobbying and take up only grassroots activism. d. unlike other interest groups, their status is like that of a charity, not a political organization., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

25. What did the Supreme Court mean by "one person

one vote"? a. Voters may only vote once in an election. b. Within a state, electoral districts must have roughly equal populations. c. No one could be denied suffrage on the basis of race or gender. d. Voting was an individual right, not a group right., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

33. The ________ asserted that the president could send American troops into action abroad only in the event of a declaration of war or other statutory authorization by Congress

or if American troops were attacked or directly endangered. a. War Powers Resolution of 1973 c. Boland Amendment of 1982 b. National Security Act of 1947 d. USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

27. Why is it important for interest groups to offer selective benefits? a. It is necessary to limit the extent of the free-rider problem. b. If they do not

people will join political parties instead. c. Selective benefits are the only way to measure the success of an interest group. d. If they do not, people will accuse the groups of being antidemocratic., ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

financed by interest groups

private donors, and corporations d. financed by interest groups, private donors, and corporations

76. A political action committee (PAC) can contribute ________ to any candidate for federal office

provided it contributes to at least five different federal candidates each year. a. $500 c. $50,000 b. $5,000 d. $500,000, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Understanding 65. Spot advertisements are useful because they a. permit a candidate's message to be delivered to a target audience before people can tune out. b. are essentially free of charge because the media needs to fill the "spot." c. are funded through a loophole in campaign finance laws. d. are the best means for an audience to get the most information about the policy preferences of candidates

rather than the candidates' personalities., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Understanding

83. Compared to the rest of American history

recent congresses have been ________ polarized and ________ productive in terms of passing laws. a. less

58. Who is an incumbent? a. the current officeholder

running for re-election b. the candidate who raises the most money during the campaign c. whoever is leading in the polls on the day of the election d. a candidate who is running against a current officeholder in an election, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering 59. When do incumbents have difficulty securing supporters and contributors? a. some of the time b. when they have experienced negative publicity c. never d. a majority of the time

4. Under the original Constitution

senators a. served four-year terms. c. were selected by the federal judiciary. b. were appointed by state legislatures. d. could serve only two terms., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

54. The Office of Management and Budget is important because a. it has the power to veto any legislation passed by Congress that negatively impacts the federal budget. b. the Constitution requires that the president receive its approval for every administrative rule change and tax increase that he or she proposes. c. it is granted the authority under the Constitution to pass the federal budget. d. its personnel are an integral part of virtually every conceivable presidential responsibility

such as overseeing regulatory proposals, reporting on agency activities, and preparing the national budget., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Understanding

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Grandparents

tall people, and undergraduates are all examples of ________. a. political parties c. potential interest groups b. political action committees d. public interest groups, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

54. The four joint committees in Congress are a. economic

taxation, library, and printing. b. foreign affairs, welfare, currency, and trade. c. globalization, human rights, employment, and citizenship. d. justice, agriculture, education, and technology., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

28. In ________

the Supreme Court determined that purposefully drawing districts where the majority of voters were members of a single minority group, in order to ensure minority representation, was unlawful. a. Reynolds v. Sims (1964) c. Shaw v. Reno (1993) b. Bush v. Gore (2000) d. United States v. Nixon (1974), ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

26. In United States v. Nixon (1974)

the Supreme Court justices a. impeached Nixon. b. allowed Nixon to withhold secret tapes from Congress. c. required Nixon to turn over secret tapes to Congress. d. ruled that Nixon must resign from office in order to avoid criminal charges., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

23. In Baker v. Carr (1962)

the Supreme Court ruled that a. federal courts can constitutionally intervene on the issue of drawing of legislative districts. b. federal courts cannot constitutionally intervene on the issue of drawing of legislative districts. c. districting based exclusively on racial criteria is lawful. d. districting based exclusively on racial criteria is unlawful., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

7. In the early 1800s

the system of nominating presidential candidates that left the candidates beholden to their parties' leaders in Congress was called ________. a. King Caucus c. presidential gerrymandering b. party primaries d. the spoils system, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering 80. In McCutcheon et al. v. FEC (2014)

the Supreme Court ruled that the a. PAC contribution limits contained in the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act were too low and must be raised to $10,000 per election cycle. b. government cannot place limits on the amount of money that an individual can give to any one candidate in a two-year election cycle. c. government cannot place limits on the number of candidates or PACs that an individual can give money to in a two-year election cycle. d. government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations or unions to political campaigns., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

77. In ________

the Supreme Court ruled that the government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations or unions to political campaigns. a. Buckley v. Valeo (1976) b. Bush v. Gore (2000) c. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) d. FCC v. Pacifica Foundation (1978), ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

17. During the past several decades

the ________ and the ________ have benefited most from apportionment. a. Northeast

5. In ________ states

the candidate who wins the state's popular vote wins all of the electoral college votes for that state. a. all 50 c. 38 of the 50 b. 48 of the 50 d. none of the 50, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

22. A criticism of interest group pluralism is a. its inherent propensity for compromise

the character of which tends to be antidemocratic. b. its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources. c. that its ideals are too closely associated with Marxist-Leninist ideology and are therefore unacceptable to the majority of Americans. d. that it gives too much influence to religious organizations and therefore threatens the separation of church and state., ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

3. By indirect election of the president

the framers meant to a. make a more independent and powerful chief executive. b. bind the president to the will of the people. c. make the president responsible to state and national legislatures. d. create an imperial presidency to counter the power of Congress., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Understanding

46. Since the 1930s

the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has ________. a. dramatically increased c. remained relatively stagnant b. experienced relatively modest growth d. experienced relatively modest decline, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Remembering

14. If a state government makes a formal request that the president deploy federal troops

the president a. is constitutionally required to send exactly as many federal troops as the state government has requested. b. is constitutionally required to send some federal troops, but can choose exactly how many will be sent. c. can only refuse to send federal troops if a majority of Congress votes to reject the state government's request. d. is not constitutionally obligated to deploy national troops., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

95. Which of the following statements about how voters decide is most accurate? a. Economic considerations do not affect the decisions that voters make about whom to vote for. b. When voters are satisfied with their economic prospects

they tend to vote for the party in power. c. When voters are dissatisfied with their economic prospects, they tend to vote for Democratic candidates. d. When voters are dissatisfied with their economic prospects, they tend to vote for Republican candidates., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Applying

9. When a coalition of credit card companies forms an interest group called the Partnership to Protect Consumer Credit

this suggests that a. credit card companies are interested in the public good. b. private interests are hiding behind the ideals of public interests. c. public interest groups are now actively involving private corporations. d. the free-rider problem does not apply to private corporations., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

54. Lobbying is a. an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure

through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature. b. an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature. c. an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature. d. the act of working on a re-election campaign., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

59. In the lobbying world

to be "Microsofted" means that a company has a. become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government. b. only lobbied members of one political party, who have just lost their majority. c. lobbied only the federal government, opening itself up to adverse actions by state governments. d. allowed other companies to become free riders on its costly lobbying efforts., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding 60. The Administrative Procedure Act a. requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations. b. permits interest groups to spend an unlimited amount of money on issue advocacy during a campaign. c. allows former agency officials to work for the industries they had regulated within six months of leaving government service. d. extends First Amendment protection to interest groups trying to lobby executive agencies., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

69. Conference committees are a. permanent and involve members from both the House and the Senate. b. temporary and are created to take up an issue that falls between the jurisdiction of existing committees

to highlight an issue, or to investigate a particular problem. c. permanent and have the power to write and propose legislation. d. temporary, involve members from both houses of Congress, and are charged with reaching a compromise on legislation once it has been passed by both the House and the Senate., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

85. Which of the following was NOT part of the ethics rules enacted by Congress in 2007? a. a prohibition on lobbyists from paying for most meals

trips, parties, and gifts for members of Congress b. a requirement to disclose the amounts and sources of small campaign contributions collected from clients and "bundled" into large contributions c. a requirement to disclose the funds lobbyists use to rally voters to support or oppose legislative proposals d. a prohibition on all political action committee (PAC) contributions to members of Congress, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering 62. A major factor in John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential victory over Richard Nixon was a. the fact that

unlike Nixon, Kennedy had hired a professional political consultant. b. that Kennedy had a much stronger performance than Nixon during televised debates. c. Nixon's failure to develop infomercials. d. Kennedy's aggressive use of push polls, especially in the Northeast., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

76. In the House of Representatives

virtually all the time allotted by the Rules Committee for debate on a given bill is controlled by the a. majority leader and the minority leader. b. bill's sponsor and its leading opponent. c. whip. d. Rules Committee chairperson., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Remembering

20. Which of the following statements about political parties and interest groups is most accurate? a. Political parties have remained nearly unchanged throughout American history

while interest groups have become considerably less numerous, active, and influential in recent years. b. Both political parties and interest groups have become much less active and influential in recent years. c. Political parties have become more influential in recent years, while interest groups have become less numerous, active, and influential. d. Political parties have declined in influence in recent years, while interest groups have become more numerous, active, and influential., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

14. Interest groups are concerned with the ________ of government

while political parties are concerned with the ________ of government. a. values

70. Research shows that a. negative ads tend to focus on important policy differences

while positive ads tend to focus on candidates' personal characteristics. b. negative ads tend to focus on candidates' personal characteristics, while positive ads tend to focus on important policy differences. c. both positive and negative ads focus almost entirely on important policy differences. d. both positive and negative ads focus almost entirely on candidates' personal characteristics., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

51. Which of the following is a difference between Democratic and Republican primaries? a. The Democratic Party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of a winner-take-all system

while the Republican Party does not. b. The Democratic Party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of proportional representation, while the Republican Party does not. c. The Republican Party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of proportional representation, while the Democratic Party does not. d. The Republican Party requires a two-thirds majority vote in a state to secure delegates, while the Democratic Party does not., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

90. Political scientists call voters' choices that focus on future behavior ________ voting

while those based on past performances are called ________ voting. a. prospective

33. "King Caucus" refers to a. the significance of Iowa as the first caucus of the presidential campaign. b. the use of each party's congressional caucus to nominate presidential candidates during the early nineteenth century. c. Daniel Webster

who had unrivaled influence over the presidential nominating process during the 1820s and 1830s. d. the fact that caucuses are inherently undemocratic methods of selecting nominees for national political office., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

8. Primary elections were introduced by a. the Federalists in the late eighteenth century. b. the Democrats in the 1830s. c. the Republicans in the 1870s. d. reformers at the start of the 1900s

who hoped to weaken the power of party leaders., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

36. During the earliest years of the United States

who nominated the candidates for president? a. The incumbent president chose both candidates. b. Members of the major political parties chose their own nominees. c. Nominations were controlled by each party's congressional caucus. d. State legislatures selected one candidate from each party., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

77. Astroturf lobbying refers to the practice whereby a. a special interest group simulating a grassroots movement works with well-organized campaigns and petitions. b. members of Congress are influenced by large campaign donations. c. lobbyists begin to specialize

with narrow areas of professional expertise. d. a special interest group pretends to represent the public interest., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Remembering


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