History final

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

46. Generally speaking

a recall effort begins with a ________. a. petition campaign c. law passed by the state legislature b. lawsuit d. decree by the governor, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

39. In order to win the presidency

a candidate must win a. at least 270 electoral votes. b. a majority of the popular vote. c. at least 26 state-level presidential elections. d. at least 300 electoral votes., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

72. A bill's supporters in the House of Representatives generally prefer ________

while opponents generally prefer ________. a. an open rule

7. Following the 2006 elections

________ became Speaker of the House. a. Dennis Hastert c. Nancy Pelosi b. Newt Gingrich d. John Boehner, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

43. Currently

________ states have agreed to the compact specified by the National Popular Vote plan. a. 2 c. 17 b. 10 d. 22, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

81. What is it called when two members of Congress share no common interests

but agree to support each other's bill? a. filibustering c. logrolling b. delegating d. bargaining, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Remembering

80. Why does Congress suffer from a collective action problem in the face of presidential power? a. Individual members of Congress are more concerned with the substantive impact of presidential action on their constituents than with the general implications of presidential powers. b. The House and the Senate must work in tandem

but constantly find any unity impossible. c. The Constitution gives the president the ability to resist any congressional oversight not supported by two-thirds of its members. d. Members of Congress are often uninformed about the actions of the president., ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

88. ________ have the same status as treaties

but do not require U.S. Senate approval. a. International accords c. Executive agreements b. Multilateral initiatives d. Executive orders, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

10. In each House district

there are approximately ________ people. a. 250,000 c. 1,300,000 b. 700,000 d. 2,500,000, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

6. Following the 2012 elections

there were ________ women serving in the U.S. Senate. a. 5 c. 33 b. 20 d. 45, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

77. In 2014

there were approximately ________ political action committees (PACs) in the United States. a. 150 c. 5,000 b. 1,500 d. 15,000, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

by 2010

the number had grown to nearly ________ percent. a. 0

74. In recent years

the religious right has had a great effect on American politics through ________. a. grassroots mobilization c. campaign financing b. gaining access d. iron triangles, ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

82. Why does the House typically have greater party unity than the Senate? a. Representatives have more partisan constituents than senators. b. House leaders have more organizational control over the actions of representatives than Senate leaders. c. There is

in fact, no real difference in levels of party unity between the House and the Senate. d. Interest groups are less influential in the House than in the Senate., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Understanding

66. A loose

informal relationship of public officials, interest groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called ________. a. an iron triangle c. the New Politics movement b. a membership association d. an issue network, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

72. The idea behind micro-targeting is to a. send different campaign messages to different demographic groups of voters. b. send hundreds of very short messages to the largest possible number of voters. c. spend as little money as possible on advertising and

instead, to maximize "free media" coverage. d. raise money through thousands of small donations rather than a small number of large donations., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Understanding

85. In addition to pressuring members of Congress to vote a certain way on a bill

interest groups have substantial influence in a. setting the legislative agenda. b. getting senators to filibuster debates on bills that they oppose. c. determining whether a member of Congress will run for re-election. d. deciding committee assignments for members of Congress., ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Understanding

66. The themes

issues, and messages that candidates present during a campaign are generally based on a. the election rules passed by Congress each year. b. the size of the constituency they are seeking to represent. c. polls and focus groups. d. legally binding orders that are issued from the national party organizations., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

31. When President Lincoln issued a series of executive orders for which he had no clear legal authority during the start of the Civil War

it illustrated the a. delegated powers of the presidency. c. expressed powers of the presidency. b. inherent powers of the presidency. d. "going public" strategy., ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

32. When states vie for influence by holding their nominating processes earlier

it is called ________. a. gerrymandering c. open caucusing b. the winner-take-all system d. front-loading, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

40. When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets

it is called a ________. a. solidary benefit c. material benefit b. promotion offer d. purposive benefit, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

19. In order to get around the need for Senate approval of treaties

many contemporary presidents have made use of ________ in foreign affairs. a. diplomacy c. executive agreements b. international protocols d. executive immunity, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

000 c. 50

6. In the "top two" primary systema. political parties are allowed to place two candidates for the general election on the ballot if both receive at least 25 percent of the overall primary vote. b. candidates from all parties run against one another and the top two face each other in the general election. c. candidates must win two separate primary elections before being officially nominated for the general election. d. voters are allowed to vote for their two favorite candidates, regardless of the candidates' party affiliation

.,B

000 b. 85

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering 60. Approximately ________ is needed for a candidate to have a reasonable chance of winning a seat in the House of Representatives. a. $100

000 c. $1 million b. $300,000 d. $5 million, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering 61. When candidates for office sponsor hearings, undertake inspection tours of disaster areas, or meet with foreign dignitaries, the form of publicity they receive is called ________. a. a press junket c. the C-SPAN effect b. free media d. a spot advertisement

86. A citizen can currently give no more than ________ per candidate for federal office per election in a given two-year election cycle. a. $1

000 c. $5,000 b. $2,700 d. $25,000, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

35. The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) has approximately ________ members today. a. 38

000 c. 3,800,000 b. 338,000 d. 38,000,000, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

000 d. 85

21. The Help Americans Vote Act of 2003 a. authorized $1 billion for civic education in order to increase voter turnout in national elections. b. financed the creation of 2

000 additional polling places across the country for midterm and presidential elections. c. required state governments to introduce computerized voting systems. d. eliminated state-level voter registration requirements., ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

81. Both 527 committees and 501(c)(4)s a. are not required to disclose where they get their funds. b. are required to disclose where they get their funds. c. are limited to spending $100

000 per candidate per election. d. can spend unlimited amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate's campaign., ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

000, ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

55. Approximately ________ lobbyists are currently registered with Congress. a. 1

200 c. 12,000 b. 4,500 d. 19,000, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

16. Approximately ________ people work for the various agencies within the Executive Office of the President. a. 25 to 50 c. 1

500 to 2,000 b. 500 to 750 d. 5,000 to 7,500, ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

40. Which of the following best describes a way in which the House differs from the Senate? a. The House is more centralized and organized than the Senate. b. The House is a looser and more deliberative body than the Senate. c. The members of the House are much less specialized than the members of the Senate. d. The House has a much greater level of turnover in its membership than the Senate.

ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

21. Which of the following is a theoretical assumption of pluralism? a. Competition among interests will produce balance with all interests regulating each other. b. Competition among interests will produce extreme public policy with one interest dominating all others. c. Only some interests should be free to compete for influence in the United States. d. All interests are not equally free to compete for influence in the United States.

ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

92. The fact that interest groups favor the wealthy and well educated can be understood as a reflection of what dilemma in American politics? a. Liberty is often inconsistent with equality. b. Democracy has not been helpful in reducing the number of factions. c. There are no efficient means of organizing the working class in the United States. d. Organized associations and groups tend to inhibit freedom.

ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

26. One way that the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members. a. selective c. free-rider b. elective d. public good

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

42. An informal group of advisers to the president is often called the ________. a. kitchen cabinet c. round table b. plumbers d. inner cabinet

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

86. Oversight can best be described as the a. efforts of Congress to supervise the manner in which its laws are implemented by the executive branch. b. organizational control exercised by party whips over members of Congress. c. authority of committee chairs over the hearings and investigations conducted by the subcommittees. d. approval that the Senate must give to all presidential appointments to the federal judiciary.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

87. The Senate's constitutional power of advice and consent extends to the president's power to a. make treaties with foreign nations. b. make executive agreements. c. issue executive orders. d. issue pardons.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

90. The role that the U.S. Senate plays in impeachments can best be compared with that of a ________. a. trial jury c. prosecuting attorney b. grand jury d. defense attorney

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Understanding

92. Organizational reforms instituted by Congress in the 1970s a. fragmented power by reducing the power of committee chairs. b. centralized power into the hands of party leaders. c. sped up legislation by reducing the number of committees to which a bill was referred. d. reduced the scrutiny of the media by closing hearings to the public.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Understanding

20. Gerrymandering refers to the a. manipulation of electoral districts to serve the interests of a particular group. b. practice whereby legislators trade their support or opposition on one bill to get the support of another legislator on a different bill. c. investigations of the executive branch by members of Congress. d. tactic used by members of the Senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

24. Republican House member Randy "Duke" Cunningham was a. sent to jail in 2005 for accepting bribes by companies hoping to receive earmarks in return. b. the primary supporter of a bill that would have prohibited the use of earmarks in Congress. c. the initiator of a lawsuit heard by the Supreme Court about the constitutionality of earmarks. d. the first member of Congress to propose that representatives publish a list of all earmark requests on a single website.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

28. Pork-barrel legislation a. funds specific projects and their location within a particular congressional district. b. gives agricultural subsidies within a region. c. awards special privileges to a person named in the bill. d. orders state governments to implement a program without providing funding for doing so.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

32. After the 2014 election the Republican Party controlled a. both the House of Representatives and the Senate. b. the House of Representatives but not the Senate. c. the Senate but not the House of Representatives. d. neither the House of Representatives nor the Senate.,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

33. One reason why redistricting is controversial is that a. those charged with drawing districts use sophisticated computer technologies to come up with the most favorable district boundaries. b. incumbents never lose when districts are redrawn. c. it is unclear whether districts have to be drawn in such a way that each district includes roughly the same number of people. d. interest groups and PACs exert a great deal of influence over the specific shape of each district.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

36. When Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops into Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas, in 1957, it demonstrated that the a. president may make unilateral use of the emergency powers to protect states against domestic disorder. b. president requires the federal court's approval before using troops in domestic disturbances. c. use of the president's emergency powers against domestic disorder necessitates a request by the governor of the state in question. d. president needs congressional authorization to use troops in both domestic and international situations.,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

35. The power to receive ambassadors is an example of ________. a. an expressed power c. executive privilege b. a delegated power d. an executive order

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

10. ________ powers are specifically established by the language of the Constitution. a. Expressed c. Implied b. Delegated d. Inherent

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering , 11. The president's delegated powers come from ________. a. the Constitution c. the president's party b. Congress d. the Supreme Court, ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

13. The Constitution attempts to restrain the president's use of domestic force by a. stating that a state government must request federal troops before the president can deploy them within that state to provide public order. b. strictly prohibiting presidents from ever deploying federal troops within the United States. c. requiring two-thirds of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States. d. requiring a majority of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

29. The Environmental Protection Agency was created in 1970 directly by ________. a. an executive order c. executive privilege b. congressional legislation d. a Supreme Court decision

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

34. Congress's tendency in recent years to give executive agencies fewer clear guidelines for implementing laws is the result of a. the greater scope and complexity of the tasks that American government has undertaken. b. the reduced scope and complexity of the tasks that American government has undertaken. c. frequent requests made by state governments to transfer more power to the executive branch. d. numerous initiatives passed by voters that require less legislative specificity.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

66. ________ occurs when the president directs administrative agencies to promulgate specific rules and regulations. a. Regulatory review c. Delegation b. Administrative oversight d. An executive agreement

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

67. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 happened as a result of a(n) a. executive order. c. negotiated treaty. b. signing statement. d. presidential pardon.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

70. A signing statement is an announcement a. the president makes about his or her interpretation of a congressional enactment he or she is signing into law. b. made by a presidential candidate when formally accepting his or her party's nomination. c. made by the president and the leader of a foreign country immediately following an executive agreement. d. the president is required to make any time he or she issues an executive order.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

71. The powers of Congress have declined dramatically in which of the following areas during the last 50 years? a. national defense and the federal budget b. health care and education c. law enforcement and oversight d. national defense and environmental protection

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

72. The last time Congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was during the ________. a. Second World War c. Vietnam War b. Korean War d. Afghanistan War

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

69. A(n) ________ is a media format in which candidates meet with ordinary citizens without the input of journalists or commentators. a. town hall meeting c. infomercial b. spot ad d. caucus

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

11. A(n) ________ occurs when a voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candidates for the general election. a. open primary c. majority system b. closed primary d. referendum

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

44. A proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a popular vote is called a a. ballot initiative. c. people's compact. b. grassroots amendment. d. popular directive.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

9. In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election it holds a(n) ________. a. primary election c. midterm election b. referendum d. exploratory committee,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

financed solely by the federal government

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

53. Smaller and weaker parties are most likely to have electoral success under the ________ system of elections. a. proportional representation c. plurality b. majority d. unitary

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

91. The Consumer Confidence Index is based on a. surveys asking voters how optimistic they are about the future of the economy. b. the unemployment rate in each state. c. the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP). d. the size of the national debt.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

partisan

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

17. The Sierra Club is a(n) ________ group. a. public interest c. labor b. ideological d. business

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

19. The National Governor's Association is a good example of a ________. a. public-sector interest group c. political action committee b. professional association d. public interest group

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

16. Labor groups represent ________ percent of the total number of interest groups registered to lobby in Washington. a. 2 c. 32 b. 12 d. 52

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

6. Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people a. with higher levels of income and education. b. from the lower socioeconomic levels. c. who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations. d. who identify as Democrats.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

30. A ________ exists when paid staff conduct most of the daily business of a group. a. staff organization c. lobbyist firm b. free-rider group d. 527 committee

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

33. The solidary benefits of interest groups include ________. a. friendship and consciousness raising b. special services and goods c. information and money d. identification with the purpose or ideology of the group

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

28. Successful interest groups quickly become ________. a. bureaucratized c. outdated b. corrupted d. rich

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

39. The free-rider phenomenon is a. more problematic in very large groups. b. more problematic in very small groups. c. not affected in any way by the size of the group in question. d. not related to groups in any way because it is an individual-level problem.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

86. ________ occurs when interest groups take out advertisements and hold marches. a. Mobilizing public opinion c. Lobbying b. Partisan politics d. Litigating

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Applying

57. The practice of lobbying is protected by ________. a. the First Amendment b. state and federal laws dating from the 1930s c. internal rules of Congress d. a 1961 Supreme Court decision

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

83. The 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act a. expanded the definition of the organization and individuals that must register to lobby. b. narrowed the definition of the organization and individuals that must register to lobby. c. eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress. d. was struck down by the Supreme Court as a violation of the constitutional right to privacy.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

73. A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs when a. an interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position. b. a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself. c. interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate. d. an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

61. The Congressional Research Service and the Government Accountability Office are examples of ________. a. staff agencies c. select committees b. caucuses d. conference committees

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Applying

44. In the House of Representatives what is the relationship between the majority leader and the Speaker of the House? a. The majority leader is subordinate to the Speaker of the House. b. They are the same office. c. The majority leader is superior in formal powers to the Speaker of the House. d. The majority leader has the same powers as the Speaker of the House but is a different office.,

50. What does the House Ways and Means Committee have jurisdiction over? a. taxes trade, and entitlement programs b. foreign relations and national security c. rules governing debate on the floor and committee assignments d. highways and waterways,

62. Organizational reforms instituted by Congress in the 1970s a. fragmented power by reducing the power of committee chairs. b. centralized power into the hands of party leaders. c. sped up legislation by reducing the number of committees to which a bill was referred. d. reduced the scrutiny of the media by closing hearings to the public.

6. The presidency is awarded to the candidate who wins a. a majority of votes in the electoral college. b. two-thirds of votes in the electoral college. c. a majority of the popular vote. d. two-thirds of the popular vote.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

82. "Dark money" comes from a. 527s. c. PACs. b. 501(c)(4)s. d. Super PACs.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

51. After the president and vice president which office is next in the line of succession? a. Speaker of the House c. secretary of state b. Senate majority leader d. attorney general,

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

55. The main political value of the vice president is to a. bring the president votes in the election from a group or region that would not otherwise be a likely source of support. b. draw negative attention away from the president during times of crisis. c. give the president an institutional link to Congress. d. promote bipartisanship with members of the opposing political party.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

41. Which three factors related to the American electoral system affect who is elected to office in this country and what they do once they get there? a. party affiliation family connections, and the substance of issues raised during a campaign b. who decides to run for office, incumbency, and the drawing of district lines c. incumbency, franking, and party affiliation d. military service, professional connections, and religious beliefs,

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

77. What is the general tendency of a president's popularity? a. Presidents usually begin with moderate ratings that move drastically up or down depending on their success. b. Presidents usually start out popular and decline over the next four years. c. Presidents usually maintain the public approval ratings they had when entering office, unless there is an economic recession or international crisis. d. Presidents usually begin very unpopular and increase their popularity significantly as their terms in office continue.,

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

81. Which of the following derives its greatest source of influence from the support of civil society? a. the president c. the bureaucracy b. Congress d. the judiciary

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

56. Plurality and majority systems tend to a. increase the number of political parties. c. evolve into single-party systems. b. decrease the number of political parties. d. devolve into anarchy.

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

28. A pocket veto is a a. presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 30 days of a legislative session. b. presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of a legislative session. c. veto issued by the Senate against a bill passed in the House of Representatives. d. veto issued by the states against a law passed by Congress.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

63. When presidents use popular appeals in an attempt to create a mass base of support that will allow them to accomplish their goals it is referred to as ________. a. going rogue c. selling out b. going public d. propagandizing the public,

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

23. "Nader's Raiders" were a(n) a. environmental protection group in the 1970s that fought for carbon emission reductions. b. consumer advocacy group in the 1960s that fought for laws and regulations to improve product safety. c. prochoice group in the 1980s that sought to protect federally funded access to abortions for women in the South. d. peace group in the 1960s that fought for a reduction in the number of nuclear weapons worldwide.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

50. The increased number and importance of interest groups a. causes a subsequent expansion in government. b. is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government. c. is a response to a decrease in the size and activity of government. d. is due to the decline in the U.S. multiparty system.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Understanding

52. Social media are sometimes called the "weapon of the weak" because they a. are often used to attack or harass members of marginalized groups. b. allow small groups with limited resources to send their message across the nation and even around the world. c. are never used by political leaders or people in positions of power. d. rarely succeed in exerting any impact on political debates.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Understanding

14. A senator or representative running for re-election is called the ________. a. constituent c. trustee b. incumbent d. delegate

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

275

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

34. There are ________ states that have taken redistricting power away from state legislatures and given it to independent commissions. a. 0 c. 21 b. 6 d. 33

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

84. Money contributed directly to a political party to be used for voter registration or party building is called ________. a. graft c. a bribe b. soft money d. hard money

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

38. Which of the following statements best describes the representation of women and minorities in the U.S. Congress? a. Representation of women and minorities has decreased by one-third since the 1970s. b. Representation of women and minorities has increased during the past two decades but is not comparable to their proportions in the general population. c. Women are underrepresented in Congress, but there is a disproportionate representation of minorities in Congress. d. Since the mid-1990s, the number of women and minorities in Congress roughly reflects their proportions in the general population.,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

39. The most common private bills proposed in Congress are those a. giving individuals or corporations tax relief. b. for permanent visas or citizenship for foreign nationals. c. for defense contracts in a representative's district. d. that declare certain foreign nationals as enemies of the United States.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

35. A number of states have responded to concerns about partisan gerrymandering by a. banning redistricting. b. taking redistricting power away from their state legislature and giving it to independent commissions. c. taking redistricting power away from independent commissions and giving it to their state legislature. d. taking redistricting power away from independent commissions and giving it to their state governor.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

65. What is cloture? a. the ability of a senator to speak for as long as he or she wishes to prevent action from being taken on legislation that he or she opposes b. the process by which three-fifths of the Senate can end a filibuster c. the rule that allows one house of Congress to circumvent the other during the legislative process d. a lawsuit filed by a member of the Senate against a member of the House or vice versa

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

71. A ________ veto occurs when Congress adjourns during a 10-day period after presenting the president with a bill and he or she takes no action. a. procrastination c. silent b. pocket d. line-item

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

74. A legislative "hold" is a a. stalling tactic used in the U.S. House of Representatives to delay debate on a bill. b. stalling tactic used in the U.S. Senate to delay debate on a bill. c. way for bills to pass without approval by the House of Representatives. d. way for bills to pass without approval by the Senate.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Remembering

75. The framers gave the power to introduce "money bills" to the House of Representatives but not the Senate because they believed that a. the Senate was too small in size to make good decisions about taxing and spending. b. the chamber closest to the people should exercise greater authority over taxing and spending. c. every state should not have equal influence over taxing and spending decisions. d. taxing and spending were not important issues and the Senate should focus its attention on the country's most pressing problems.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Understanding

a closed rule

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Understanding

23. What is required for Congress to override a presidential veto? a. a majority of both houses of Congress b. two-thirds of both houses of Congress c. three-fourths of both houses of Congress d. a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

22. All executive agreements differ from formal treaties in that they a. must be approved by the U.S. Supreme Court but not by Congress. b. do not have to be approved by the Senate. c. do not have to be approved by the House. d. are generally formulated at meetings of the United Nations.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

30. Which of the following has caused an increase in the president's delegated powers? a. recent constitutional amendments broadening the president's powers b. the increasing scope and complexity of legislation c. the War Powers Resolution d. the shift toward a more bipartisan political environment in Congress

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

73. The framers of the Constitution believed that Congress's greatest prerogative would be its ________. a. war powers c. impeachment powers b. power of the purse d. oversight of the other two branches

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

74. President ________ began the era of greater presidential control over the budgetary process. a. Woodrow Wilson c. Richard Nixon b. Franklin Roosevelt d. Ronald Reagan

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

83. A 501(c)(4) a. is required to disclose where it gets its funds. b. may not spend more than half its revenue for political purposes. c. is required to disclose exactly how its money is spent. d. may not spend more than 10 percent of its revenue for political purposes.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

60. After the Civil War why was it considered inappropriate for President Andrew Johnson to make a series of speeches seeking public support for his policies? a. President Johnson traveled with his own press secretary, the first time a president had used public relations officials. b. During the nineteenth century, it was perceived to be undignified for a president to campaign on his own behalf. c. President Johnson did not speak to the general public, but instead spoke only to handpicked audiences where he knew he would be favorably received. d. President Johnson's speeches were delivered only in the former Confederate states and ignored the North, where he most needed support.,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

64. President Clinton was unusual among modern presidents because he left the White House a. less popular than when he entered. b. more popular than when he entered. c. without issuing a single signing statement. d. without issuing a single executive order.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

57. A ________ is an effort by political candidates and their staffs to win backing and support by voters in the quest for political office. a. gerrymander c. caucus b. campaign d. national convention

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

30. The ________ is the last example of indirect voting in national elections. a. referendum c. open primary b. electoral college d. closed primary

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Applying

10. A(n) ________ occurs when a voter must be registered with a party prior to voting in that party's election. a. open primary c. majority system b. closed primary d. referendum

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

12. Party activists who are elected to vote at a party's national convention are called ________. a. incumbents c. electors b. delegates d. whips

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

14. An election where the winner is the person who receives the most votes regardless of the percentage of votes received, is called a ________ system. a. majority c. proportionality b. plurality d. primary,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

15. The ________ is the most common electoral system used in general elections in the United States. a. majority system c. proportional representation system b. plurality system d. referendum

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

16. Most European nations utilize a ________. a. majority system c. blanket primary b. system of proportional representation d. closed primary

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

17. For the presidential primaries most but not all state parties use what type of election? a. winner-take-all c. majority rules b. proportional representation d. plurality,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

27. ________ involves purposefully drawing district boundaries to unfairly advantage one group or party. a. Proportional representation c. Balloting b. Gerrymandering d. Recall

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

31. Political campaigns that operate at a local level and use face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum by citizens are called a. Astroturf politics. c. socialism. b. grassroots politics. d. populism.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

35. ________ was a dark horse nominee for president. a. George Washington (1788) c. Ulysses S. Grant (1868) b. Warren Harding (1920) d. Franklin Roosevelt (1932)

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

40. The winner of the electoral college vote has not won the popular vote ________ time(s) in American history. a. one c. ten b. four d. thirty-four

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

52. A runoff election is likely to occur when a. there are only two candidates running in the election. b. there are more than two candidates running in the election. c. turnout in the election is very high. d. turnout in the election is very low.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Understanding

88. Partisan loyalty is likely to be highest in the election of ________. a. the president c. a U.S. senator b. a state legislator d. a governor

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

89. ________ occurs when a citizen votes for a candidate because he or she approves of the candidate's past record. a. Prospective voting c. Poll testing b. Retrospective voting d. Recall voting

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—How Voters Decide OBJ: Identify the major factors that influence voters' decisions MSC: Remembering

76. The majority of political action committees represent ________. a. working-class and poor people b. business and professional groups c. Republicans and Democrats d. environmental groups and religious organizations

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

85. The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office a. is limited by a cap of $50 million. b. is protected absolutely by the First Amendment according to the Supreme Court. c. was forbidden by the Campaign Reform Act of 1974. d. is protected only if the candidate can match every personal dollar with a dollar from outside donations.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

87. The Supreme Court's decision in Buckley v. Valeo (1976) was significant because it a. rejected the idea that the federal government could place any limits on campaign contributions or spending. b. introduced the idea that money counts as "speech" under the First Amendment. c. affirmed the idea that all viable candidates for federal office should have the opportunity to receive federal funding for their campaigns. d. established the idea that corporations had the same free speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Understanding

18. The Christian Coalition is a(n) ________ group. a. public interest c. labor b. ideological d. business

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

11. What is the primary variable for predicting the likelihood of joining an interest group? a. having an interest shared by others b. having a higher income and education c. already being a member of a political party d. the region of the country in which an individual lives

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

4. James Madison called an interest group a ________. a. mob c. plutocracy b. faction d. social movement

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

5. ________ once wrote that "America was a nation of joiners." a. James Madison c. David Truman b. Alexis de Tocqueville d. Robert Dahl

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Remembering

10. It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because a. there are no constitutional means for unorganized interests to compete for attention. b. there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands. c. there are no measurements of interests and needs outside of representation. d. these interests often want to stay hidden from public view.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

2. The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that a. the public good should always trump individual interests. b. interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence. c. interest groups are factions that endanger liberty. d. democracy is best served by legalizing but regulating the influence of interest groups.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

32. National defense is a good example of a a. material benefit. c. solidary benefit. b. collective good. d. purposive benefit.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

29. A membership association is a group a. that accepts anyone as a member. b. in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration. c. in which members vote directly for their leaders. d. in which only members may receive benefits.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

31. A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a ________. a. free rider c. solidary benefit b. collective good d. purposive benefit

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

71. Which of the following Supreme Court cases illustrates the use of litigation by an interest group? a. Roe v. Wade (1973) b. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) c. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) d. United States v. Nixon (1974)

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Applying

56. What is the most important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials? a. money c. campaign workers b. information d. legal assistance

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

62. Two laws that have played an important role in opening the bureaucratic process to interest group influence are the a. 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act and the Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990. b. Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946. c. 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act and the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act. d. 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

63. Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are often called ________. a. amicus curiae c. lobbyists b. stakeholders d. iron triangles

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

64. ________ was an important Washington lobbyist who was indicted in 2005 on charges of violating federal lobbying laws. a. Valerie Plame c. Paul Wolfowitz b. Jack Abramoff d. Karl Rove

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

67. The most important attempt to limit the influence of lobbyists in recent years was the a. USA PATRIOT Act. c. indictment of Jack Abramoff. b. 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act. d. Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

78. Which of the following was eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign finance reforms? a. political action committees (PACs) b. soft money c. laws limiting the amount a candidate may spend of his or her personal fortune d. interest group lobbying

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

87. ________ led the drive to kill the 2007 immigration reform bill supported by President Bush and a number of congressional Democrats. a. Anonymous c. MoveOn.org b. Grassfire.org d. EMILY's List

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

82. What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence? a. Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government. b. Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves. c. Lobbying is the only form of influence that has explicit First Amendment protection from regulation. d. Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

80. The ________ is/are responsible for communicating the leader's wishes to members in Congress. a. Speaker of the House and the Senate president pro tempore b. party whips c. party caucuses d. Ways and Means Committee

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Remembering

84. Most members of the House attempt to stay on good terms with the Speaker of the House because the Speaker a. has the authority to call all party unity votes. b. possesses the power of recognition. c. approves all requests for logrolling. d. makes all decisions regarding how leadership PACs will distribute their funds.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Understanding

45. Who has the most real power in the Senate? a. the president of the Senate b. the majority and minority leaders c. the Senate president pro tempore d. the chair of the Rules Committee

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

46. Who decides which committee assignments members of the House of Representatives receive? a. the Speaker of the House b. each party's own steering and policy committee c. the president for members of his own party and either the House majority or minority leader for opposition members d. each party's whip,

48. The jurisdiction of standing committees a. is related to a specific geographic region. b. is defined by the subject matter of legislation which often parallels the major cabinet departments or agencies. c. is determined by the different political parties. d. often overlaps with the jurisdiction of select committees.,

59. The Tea Party caucus refers to a group of a. conservative Republicans in the House and the Senate who seek to advance patriotism and a greater appreciation of American history. b. conservative Republicans in the House and the Senate who seek to advance antispending policies. c. liberal Democrats in the House and the Senate who seek to advance antispending policies. d. liberal Democrats in the House and the Senate who seek to advance patriotism and a greater appreciation of American history.

51. The House Rules Committee is important because it a. is placed in charge of selecting the Speaker of the House. b. decides the order in which bills come up for a vote on the House floor and determines the specific rules that govern the length of debate and opportunity for amendments. c. reviews all applications regarding the formation of select committees. d. determines the jurisdiction of every congressional standing committee.

55. The Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction was unique among joint committees because it a. included members of both the House and the Senate. b. had the power to write and report legislation. c. was created as a permanent committee. d. only included members of the House of Representatives.

58. A congressional caucus is a(n) a. formal substructure of congressional parties oriented toward fund-raising. b. unofficial group of representatives or senators sharing similar interests or opinions. c. formal committee that has the power to propose and write legislation. d. vote by members of the House to determine who the Speaker of the House will be.

60. A formal structure of Congress that exemplifies the need to divide the labor of legislation is the a. establishment of party whips. b. establishment of standing committees. c. strict control over floor time in Congress. d. establishment of minority and majority leaders.

2. Which of the following attributes did the framers intend for the office of the president to possess? a. popularity c. unrestrained power b. energy d. high level of formal education

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

4. The rise of national conventions to nominate the president led to the empowerment of ________. a. Congress c. the voters b. state party leaders d. interest groups

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The office of the presidency was established by Article ________ of the Constitution. a. I c. III b. II d. V

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

45. The president's group of advisers and analysts is collectively called the ________. a. Cabinet c. Executive Council of Advisers b. White House staff d. Department of State

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

46. The formal group of presidential foreign policy advisers established in 1947, is called the ________. a. State Department c. Council on Foreign Relations b. National Security Council d. War Council,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

49. ________ states that the vice president assumes the presidency in the event of the chief executive's death or incapacity. a. Article I of the Constitution b. The Twenty-Fifth Amendment c. The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 d. United States v. Nixon

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

56. The Cabinet a. has no legal status under the Constitution. b. does not meet as a group except during the State of the Union address. c. secretaries do not have to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate. d. has no responsibility to Congress.,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

57. The primary constitutional task of the vice president besides succeeding the president in case of death, resignation, or incapacitation, is to a. serve as Speaker of the House of Representatives b. cast tiebreaking votes in the Senate c. represent the president overseas d. run the day-to-day operations of the Executive Office of the President,

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

52. Presidential spouses are an important resource for the president in order to carry out the duty of ________. a. head of government c. commander in chief b. head of state d. chief diplomat

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Understanding

78. The president's partisan ties are most important in a. winning support from public opinion. b. raising campaign funds. c. dealing with Congress on legislative matters. d. making executive appointments.

ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

44. Netroots groups are less expensive to organize than traditional interest groups because they a. do not provide any selective benefits to their members. b. spend much less time communicating with their members and much more time lobbying policy makers. c. have a streamlined staff structure with fewer staff who often work from virtual offices. d. are always run entirely by volunteers who take no salary.

ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

58. As a means of managing the gigantic executive branch presidents have increasingly come to rely on the ________. a. Cabinet c. White House staff b. Executive Office of the President d. Speaker of the House,

ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Understanding

1. A U.S. senator has a ________-year term. a. two c. six b. four d. eight

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

47. What major national-level development happened in the late nineteenth century? a. The Constitution was ratified. b. The Civil War ended. c. Federal officials attempted to regulate more aspects of interstate commerce and combat monopolies. d. The New Deal policies were implemented.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Remembering

89. Who were the only two presidents to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives? a. Andrew Johnson and Richard Nixon b. Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover c. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton d. Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers OBJ: Describe Congress's influence over other branches of government MSC: Remembering

8. The first woman to serve in Congress was ________. a. Susan B. Anthony c. Jeanette Rankin b. Eleanor Roosevelt d. Nancy Pelosi

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Remembering

27. The so-called bridge to nowhere was important because it became a symbol of a. the problems with Congress's lack of racial diversity. b. the Supreme Court's increasing willingness to overturn acts of Congress. c. wasteful congressional spending through earmarks. d. the federal government's ability to effectively respond to infrastructure problems.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

31. One reason some people support the establishment of term limits in the House and Senate is that it will a. decrease the power and influence of interest groups. b. decrease turnover in Congress and lead to more experienced legislators. c. increase turnover and get new faces into Congress. d. limit the power and influence of the judiciary.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Congress: Representing the American People OBJ: Describe who serves in Congress and how they represent their constituents MSC: Understanding

66. A filibuster allows members of the Senate to a. refer a bill to multiple committees. b. avoid a conference committee. c. prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor. d. add amendments to any bill at any time.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law OBJ: Outline the steps in the process of passing a law MSC: Understanding

40. The wars in Korea Vietnam, Bosnia, and Afghanistan were all fought a. without presidential approval. b. under the authority provided by the War Powers Resolution. c. without a formal declaration of war from Congress. d. with a formal declaration of war from Congress.,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Applying

15. The Executive Office of the President was created during the administration of ________. a. Abraham Lincoln c. Franklin Roosevelt b. Theodore Roosevelt d. Harry Truman

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

20. An executive-congressional agreement is a contract between two countries that can be approved with a a. statement by the Speaker of the House. b. statement by the Senate majority leader. c. simple majority vote in both houses. d. simple majority vote in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

24. Congress has successfully overridden a presidential veto ________ times in American history. a. 2 c. 110 b. 23 d. 563

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

25. Richard Nixon claimed ________ when he refused to turn over secret White House tapes to congressional investigators. a. presidential immunity c. executive privilege b. expressed powers d. the Fifth Amendment

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Remembering

39. The goal of the War Powers Resolution was to a. compel a congressional declaration of war for every large-scale military operation. b. limit the ability of Congress to cut off funding for troops when the president sends them overseas without congressional approval. c. limit the power of the president to commit American troops to military action without authorization from Congress. d. end the Vietnam War.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency OBJ: Understand the expressed, delegated, and inherent powers of the presidency MSC: Understanding

59. During the nineteenth century ________ was America's dominant institution of government. a. the presidency c. Congress b. the Supreme Court d. the executive bureaucracy,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

62. Under President Obama online petitions submitted to the White House must receive ________ signatures to be reviewed and commented on by the administration. a. 1,000 c. 100,000 b. 10,000 d. 1 million,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

65. The technique of popular mobilization dates back to the ________ presidency. a. Thomas Jefferson c. Theodore Roosevelt b. Ulysses Grant d. Franklin Roosevelt

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Remembering

61. Under President Bill Clinton the White House Communications Office a. was renamed the Executive Office of the President. b. was placed under the direct control of the vice president. c. became responsible for developing and implementing a coordinated communications strategy on behalf of the president's agenda. d. became responsible for managing all negotiations between the executive and legislative branches of government.,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

75. The expansion of the Executive Office of the President the development of regulatory review, and the use of executive orders have been important because they a. are deeply unpopular with the public and have led to the declining trust in American government. b. make it very difficult for challengers to defeat incumbent presidents in elections. c. have given presidents substantial capacity to achieve significant policy results despite congressional opposition to their legislative agendas. d. have dramatically limited the power of the president and made it easier for Congress to dominate the American political system.,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

67. Which of the following statements about campaign spending in Senate elections is true? a. Incumbents generally spend less money than challengers in Senate campaigns. b. Incumbents and challengers generally spend the same amount of money in Senate campaigns. c. Incumbents generally spend more money than challengers in Senate campaigns. d. Incumbents and challengers in Senate campaigns are legally limited to spending only $2 million.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Applying

68. When does public-opinion polling take place during a campaign? a. at the very beginning c. throughout the entire campaign b. only toward the end of the campaign d. never

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Remembering

71. Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign in 2016 was unique because it a. was a purely mass-media campaign. b. was a purely grassroots campaign. c. combined elements of both grassroots and mass-media campaigns. d. did not incorporate any elements from grassroots or mass-media campaigns.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Election Campaigns OBJ: Explain how campaigns are typically conducted MSC: Understanding

13. A majority system which is used on a limited basis in the United States, requires that a candidate must win ________ to win an election. a. at least 33 percent of all votes cast b. at least 40 percent of all votes cast c. 50 percent plus one of all votes cast d. at least 60 percent of all votes cast, plus a percentage of absentee ballots,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

18. When an American voter supports only one party's candidate she or she is said to be voting a ________ ticket. a. dual c. straight b. single d. split,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

19. Before the 1890s who was responsible for printing election ballots? a. the federal government c. political parties b. state governments d. voters,

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

22. The boundaries of legislative districts in the United States are to be redrawn every ________ years. a. 4 c. 10 b. 6 d. 15

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

41. Which of the following was NOT an election in which the person who was elected president failed to receive more popular votes than his opponent? a. 1876 c. 1912 b. 1888 d. 2000

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

45. A referendum is the a. congressional election held between presidential elections. b. power to remove an elected official from office during the middle of his or her term. c. practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection. d. process by which a party selects its candidates for the general election.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

48. Which of the following politicians was recalled from office? a. President Warren Harding (1921) b. New York City mayor David Dinkins (1993) c. California governor Gray Davis (2003) d. President Richard Nixon (1972)

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Elections in America OBJ: Describe the major rules and procedures of elections in the United States MSC: Remembering

75. Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called ________. a. corporations c. political action committees b. political parties d. political consulting firms

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH10—Money and Politics OBJ: Describe how candidates raise the money they need to run MSC: Remembering

12. The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) are examples of ________. a. public interest groups c. labor groups b. business groups d. ideological groups

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Applying

power

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Defining Interest Groups OBJ: Describe the major types of interest groups and whom they represent MSC: Understanding

41. A ________ is the best example of an informational benefit provided by many interest groups. a. consciousness-raising workshop c. newsletter b. free T-shirt d. health insurance program

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

42. The liberal-leaning MoveOn.org and the conservative-leaning Americans for Prosperity are examples of a. iron triangles. c. netroots political associations. b. issue networks. d. legacy organizations.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Applying

material

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Remembering

37. Many interest groups are initially organized because a. most state-level government agencies will only negotiate policy implementation with organized groups. b. funding opportunities provided by the federal bureaucracy encourage collective action. c. a political entrepreneur with a strong commitment to a particular set of goals believes that a group will promote and enhance his or her goals and political influence. d. a politician has lost an election and wants to challenge the results.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

38. The free-rider problem occurs because a. members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation. b. the benefits of a group's actions are available only to a specific segment of society. c. the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers. d. members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public opinion polls.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—How Groups Organize OBJ: Describe how interest groups and social groups organize MSC: Understanding

58. Another name for lobbying is ________. a. stalking c. petitioning b. mobilizing d. litigating

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

68. Which of the following groups has had the greatest success with a strategy of litigation? a. National Chamber of Commerce b. National Rifle Association c. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People d. Southern Christian Leadership Conference

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

81. Alexis de Tocqueville argued that the proliferation of interest groups promoted ________. a. tyranny of the majority c. governmental responsiveness b. undemocratic elitism d. economic equality

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

88. Anonymous is a(n) a. interest group closely associated with the New Politics movement. b. Super PAC that gives primarily to Republican candidates. c. loosely associated network of activists and hackers that specializes in online protests. d. "dark money" 501(c)(4) organization.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Remembering

61. The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to a. forbid lobbying of administrative agencies. b. reduce the number of lawsuits by encouraging interest groups to solve conflicts with administrative agencies through mediation. c. encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations. d. eliminate iron triangles.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

90. The primary function of a political action committee (PAC) is to a. raise grassroots support for a particular interest. b. build better networks between interest groups and political parties. c. raise and distribute money to election campaigns. d. produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—How Congress Decides OBJ: Analyze the factors that influence which laws Congress passes MSC: Applying

52. The Senate Watergate Committee of 1973 is an example of a ________ committee. a. conference c. select b. joint d. standing

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Applying

43. How is the Speaker of the House determined? a. The vice president of the United States is also Speaker of the House. b. The representative with the longest tenure in the House is the Speaker of the House. c. The elected leader of the majority party in the House is the Speaker. d. The president selects the Speaker of the House from the majority party in the House.

53. Congressional leaders form ________ committees when they want to take up an issue that falls between the jurisdiction of existing committees to highlight an issue, or to investigate a particular problem. a. conference c. select b. joint d. standing,

57. Which agencies in Congress are designed to oversee administrative agencies and evaluate presidential proposals? a. committee c. staff b. oversight d. review

8. The turning point in American politics toward a president-centered government came about during the administration of ________. a. Andrew Jackson c. Franklin Roosevelt b. Abraham Lincoln d. John Kennedy

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Remembering

9. The rise of the national convention was important because it a. placed the power of selecting presidential candidates entirely in the hands of federal judges. b. placed the power of selecting presidential candidates entirely in the hands of congressional leaders. c. gave the presidency a mass popular base that would eventually support and demand increased presidential power. d. took away the presidency's mass popular base and made the president a much weaker political actor.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—Establishing the Presidency OBJ: Explain the role of the president in the American political system and how it has evolved MSC: Understanding

43. The ________ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments. a. White House staff c. Cabinet b. Presidential Advisory Committee d. Executive Office of the President

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

44. The president has the power to appoint which of the following positions? a. state governors who resign before their terms have expired b. all state Supreme Court justices c. cabinet secretaries d. members of the House of Representatives who resign before their terms have expired

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

47. The Office of Management and Budget and the Council of Economic Advisers are both parts of the ________. a. Cabinet c. Executive Office of the President b. White House staff d. Department of the Interior

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

53. ________ was the first first lady to seek public office on her own. a. Dolley Madison c. Hillary Clinton b. Eleanor Roosevelt d. Laura Bush

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH13—The Presidency as an Institution OBJ: Identify the institutional resources presidents have to help them exercise their powers MSC: Remembering

72. ________ is a strategy that attempts to mobilize the widest and most favorable climate of opinion. a. Litigation c. Creating an iron triangle b. Creating a "war room" d. Going public

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—Interest Group Strategies OBJ: Explain how interest groups try to influence government and policy MSC: Understanding

79. Which of the following statements about signing statements is NOT true? a. Presidents have made signing statements throughout American history. b. Ronald Reagan's attorney general Edwin Meese, is credited with transforming the signing statement into a routine tool of presidential direct action. c. George W. Bush issued more than 150 signing statements during his time in office. d. Ever since Thomas Jefferson's presidency, all presidential signing statements have been recorded and added to the official legislative record.,

ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: CH13—The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power OBJ: Explain how modern presidents have become even more powerful MSC: Understanding

47. The term whip in discussions of Congress refers to a. a punishment party leaders give when a member of Congress does not vote with the rest of his or her party. b. a Senate rule that allows 60 senators to immediately end another senator's filibuster. c. the majority party leader's chief of staff. d. a party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the party's legislative strategy

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: CH12—The Organization of Congress OBJ: Explain how party leadership, the committee system, the staff system, and caucuses help structure congressional business MSC: Remembering

48. Which of the following issues is part of the agenda of the New Politics movement? a. telecommunications deregulation b. occupational health and safety legislation c. industrial deregulation d. nuclear disarmament

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Remembering

49. The New Politics movement gave rise to ________ groups. a. ideological c. labor b. partisan d. public interest

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH11—The Growth of Interest and Advocacy Groups OBJ: Analyze why the number of interest and advocacy groups has grown in recent decades MSC: Remembering

11. What is the most common occupation among members of Congress before coming to Congress? a. business executive c. college professor b. lobbyist d. lawyer