HISTORY MIDTERM CH. 1 - 15

Which of the following statements explains the main outcomes of the Treaty of Paris of 1783? The United States became an independent country while France gained control of the Ohio River valley and Great Lakes region. The thirteen colonies gained their independence and France regained control of Canada, which it had lost in the French and Indian War. Britain recognized the independence of the United States and agreed to set the western boundary of the United States at the Mississippi River. Britain gave the United States independence along with additional territory including the Great Lakes and Florida. The United States gained its independence, with a western boundary set at the Appalachian Mountains. Britain remained in control of Canada and the Ohio River valley.

Britain recognized the independence of the United States and agreed to set the western boundary of the United States at the Mississippi River.

Which of the following is true of impressment in the early nineteenth century? The Chesapeake incident was the initial cause of the introduction of impressment. There was a lengthy process of determining the citizenship of sailors before "impressing" them. British warships stopped American merchant ships and forced sailors into the British navy. American merchant ships rarely attracted deserting British sailors because they paid very little. Impressment became far less frequent due to the dangers posed by the Anglo-French war.

British warships stopped American merchant ships and forced sailors into the British navy.

During the Revolution, few Loyalists were found in New York City. True False

False

When Spain entered the war in 1779, this person led Spanish forces against the British in America. Admiral F. J. P. de Grasse General Horatio Gates General Bernardo de Galvez the Marquis de Lafayette Colonel Banastre Tarleton

General Bernardo de Galvez

Which of the following statements is a correct interpretation of the view of the states regarding the creation of a national government under the Articles of Confederation? There was little agreement among the states as to whether a national government was needed at all. Having rejected monarchy, the states were in no mood to create a strong, centralized national government. The states wanted a powerful national government that could stand up to the threat from Britain. Most states wanted to follow the Roman precedent and appoint a dictator to lead the nation until the war was over. Many states preferred the Albany Plan of Union and opposed the creation of a Confederation government.

Having rejected monarchy, the states were in no mood to create a strong, centralized national government.

Alexander Hamilton considered the federal debt a "blessing" because banks and investors who owned the debt would want the government to succeed. What was Thomas Jefferson's stance on this issue? He initially disagreed with Hamilton, but after Napoléon offered to sell Louisiana to the United States, he embraced large debts. Jefferson did not agree with any part of Hamilton's economic program but did not dismantle it. He believed that a federal debt would increase corruption and cause social instability, and he paid it down quickly. He believed that a federal debt would increase corruption and cause social instability, but as with his personal debt, he found it very difficult to rein in government spending. He believed that state governments could carry large debts but that under a strict reading of the Constitution, the federal government could not.

He believed that a federal debt would increase corruption and cause social instability, and he paid it down quickly.

How did Tenskwatawa, the brother of Tecumseh, contribute to the formation of a pan-Indian Confederacy in 1811? He preached a message of religious renewal rooted in rejecting European consumer goods and culture, which drew many tribes into the confederacy. He led all the military forces throughout the war, while Tecumseh focused on politics and diplomacy. His murder by troops commanded by William Henry Harrison enraged many tribes and drove them into Tecumseh's confederacy. He convinced Tecumseh that the British would make a reliable ally against the United States. He led Native American forces in their victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

He preached a message of religious renewal rooted in rejecting European consumer goods and culture, which drew many tribes into the confederacy.

What argument did Hamilton use in his debate with Jefferson over the National Bank's constitutionality? He emphasized states' rights. He strictly interpreted the Constitution. He used the doctrine of implied powers. He emphasized the Tenth Amendment. He relied on Madison's support.

He used the doctrine of implied powers.

Why did Jefferson go through with the Louisiana Purchase, despite the potential ideological problems it posed? He was able to acquire investments from the Spanish to offset the high cost of the purchase. Native Americans came forward to propose a treaty, which made him feel better about taking their lands. The climate of the land being purchased made it poorly suited economically for slavery, an institution he opposed. He wanted to create a protective buffer separating the United States from the rest of the world. It would help give the two political parties a shared goal since both saw the value in the acquisition of more land.

He wanted to create a protective buffer separating the United States from the rest of the world.

Which of the following statements would be an accurate description of Andrew Jackson? Being from a western state, he understood and respected Native Americans and got along well with most of the tribes. As a small farmer of humble means from Tennessee, he could relate to the lives and thinking of the new voters of the 1820s and 1830s. He was an excellent presidential candidate because of his extensive government experience in the administration of President Monroe. He was considered combative by many people and had no moral reservations about slavery since he was a plantation owner from Tennessee. He was the only president to have never been married, but he had several mistresses.

He was considered combative by many people and had no moral reservations about slavery since he was a plantation owner from Tennessee.

Why did Thomas Jefferson decide to purchase Louisiana despite his constitutional concerns? He wished to remove the threat of French control of New Orleans and to double the size of the United States. He wished to appease the Federalist farmers in the West. He wanted to acquire ports on the Pacific Ocean to facilitate trade with China. He wanted to prove that the United States had become a world power. He wanted to weaken the French Empire and draw America closer to Great Britain.

He wished to remove the threat of French control of New Orleans and to double the size of the United States.

What was Tecumseh's primary political goal in forming his confederacy in the early 1810s? He advocated genocide against White Americans in retaliation for the deaths of Native Americans. He wished to avenge the death of his father and two brothers, who had died in battle against Americans. He urged all Native Americans to abandon European clothing, religion, and especially alcohol. He wished to unify numerous Native American tribes into a nation powerful enough to prevent further encroachment on Indian lands. He urged all Native Americans to unify and move west onto the Great Plains in order to escape American encroachment on Indian ancestral hunting grounds.

He wished to unify numerous Native American tribes into a nation powerful enough to prevent further encroachment on Indian lands.

How did the Shawnee leader Tecumseh help to cause the War of 1812? He attacked American forces led by William Henry Harrison in the Battle of Tippecanoe and won. He allied his people with British forces and attacked New Orleans. He worked to unite Indians in a vast confederacy allied with the British. He formed an alliance with the British and attacked Canada. He attacked and captured Fort Detroit.

He worked to unite Indians in a vast confederacy allied with the British.

Which of the following statements describes the minstrel shows between the 1830s and 1870s? Immensely popular, they often included the songs of Stephen Foster. They featured Black performers made up as Whites. As a form of ministry, they were usually performed in churches. They portrayed Black characters positively. Primarily elite and educated audiences embraced them.

Immensely popular, they often included the songs of Stephen Foster.

Which of the following statements about Thomas Paine's The American Crisis is accurate? It stated the impossibility of beating the British. It urged Congress to make Washington a temporary dictator. It bolstered American morale. It supplied Washington with battle plans. It blamed Congress for the army's defeats.

It bolstered American morale

Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Erie Canal? It reduced the need for steamboats on the western rivers since commerce could be sent by barge directly to eastern cities. It had little impact since railroads quickly replaced canals as the main movers of commerce in the United States. It connected the economies of the Midwest and the East, turning New York into a major commercial and international trading center. It led to the nation's first immigration restriction laws since so many immigrants were required to help build the canal. It led to the nation's first fugitive slave laws since so many slaves fled southern plantations to work on canal projects in northern states.

It connected the economies of the Midwest and the East, turning New York into a major commercial and international trading center.

What did the Treaty of Ghent do? It made civil war and financial ruin more likely in the United States. It gave the British access to the Mississippi River. It recognized the clear U.S. victory. It ended the War of 1812 and restored the previous boundaries. It gave the United States part of Canada.

It ended the War of 1812 and restored the previous boundaries.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the cotton gin? It made possible efficient separation of seeds from fiber. It was an engine that manufactured cloth. It made the South the wealthiest part of the country. It had no significant effect on the North's economy. It resulted from a government bounty paid to its inventor.

It made possible efficient separation of seeds from fiber.

Which of the following statements about the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 is accurate? It promised that Native American lands would not be taken without their consent. It made Ohio and Indiana states immediately. It prevented enslaved African Americans living in the West from remaining enslaved. It denied self-government to the region that would become Michigan and Ohio. It provided for joint occupation of that area with the British after the war.

It promised that Native American lands would not be taken without their consent.

By the 1820s, most states had expanded voting rights to include all White men by dropping the property requirements. How did the new electorate provide an advantage for a candidate like Andrew Jackson? Jackson's rise from common origins to national prominence appealed to the new voters. Jackson's position as an aristocratic southern plantation owner appealed to these new voters. Jackson's education at Harvard gave him an advantage with these new voters. Jackson's eloquence as a speaker was an advantage in appealing to these new voters. Jackson's experience in government provided a level of trust in the new voters.

Jackson's rise from common origins to national prominence appealed to the new voters.

This general surrendered his army of over 5,800 troops at the Battle of Saratoga, creating a catastrophic defeat for the British. Benedict Arnold John Burgoyne Horatio Gates William Howe Charles Cornwallis

John Burgoyne

The Supreme Court's decision in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the most significant in U.S. history. What was the application of the decision? State laws regulating commercial activity crossing state boundaries can override similar federal laws. The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of laws enacted by Congress. The federal government can limit the speech rights of people in the United States in cases of imminent threat or danger. States cannot limit the civil rights of people because of their race or ethnicity. Laws enacted by the federal government are supreme over laws enacted by any state.

Laws enacted by the federal government are supreme over laws enacted by any state.

Which of the following statements best characterizes German immigration to the United States? German immigration peaked in the 1830s, then declined rapidly. Most German immigrants were poor farmers who settled in eastern cities such as Boston and New York. Germans were easily accepted in American society since they were all White Europeans. Most German immigrants were rural farmers or skilled professionals such as doctors, teachers, and engineers. Most German immigrants stayed only temporarily in the United States before returning to their native homeland.

Most German immigrants were rural farmers or skilled professionals such as doctors, teachers, and engineers.

The Louisiana Purchase was made possible by Jefferson's threat to take the land by force. Britain's support of the U.S. effort. Napoléon's disastrous setback in Haiti. the fact that France offered it for free. the political backing of the Federalists.

Napoléon's disastrous setback in Haiti.

Which of the following was a promise of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? The West would be considered a colonial possession of the United States. Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River. Native Americans would be forced to move to the Pacific coast. The population of a territory would never affect whether it was to become a state. Territories must adopt the national Constitution before writing their own.

Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River.

Why were finances the greatest weakness of the Confederation government? States were asked to "voluntarily" contribute to Congress's budget but rarely did or sent little. An event known as the Newburgh Conspiracy led to a successful coup that had a major impact on the economy. The laws of Congress were too strictly enforced, leading many people to file bankruptcy. Too much money was put toward the executive and judiciary branches and not enough toward the people. The Confederation taxes were too high in an effort to pay off war debts from the Revolution.

States were asked to "voluntarily" contribute to Congress's budget but rarely did or sent little.

Which of the following statements about steamboats is accurate? Steamboats were commercially profitable by the 1790s. Steamboats were only able to travel downstream. Steamboats brought cheaper and faster two-way traffic to the Mississippi Valley. Steamboats contributed to a widespread increase in the cost of shipping goods. Steamboats soon made railroads obsolete.

Steamboats brought cheaper and faster two-way traffic to the Mississippi Valley.

Which of the following statements describes the impact of steamboats on the development of the market economy in the United States? Steamboats led to a decline of the industrial cities of the Northeast as commerce shifted to the West. Steamboats turned American rivers into major routes of commerce, transforming the economy of the old Northwest and the Mississippi Valley. Steamboats had little impact; they were quickly replaced by railroads as the main movers of commercial products. Steamboats made it easy for new immigrants to move to the South, where they began to replace slaves on farms and plantations. Steamboats stimulated the development of the textile industry in the South close to the sources of cotton.

Steamboats turned American rivers into major routes of commerce, transforming the economy of the old Northwest and the Mississippi Valley.

At the end of the Revolutionary War, what challenges faced the new government of the loosely aligned thirteen states? Many Americans believed that the Confederation government had too much power over their lives. The Articles of Confederation struggled to distribute the spoils of war equitably across all thirteen states. The two houses of the legislature could never come to agreement in order to get things done for the people. All decision-making rested in one person—the chief executive. The Confederation government did not have the power to enforce its own laws and struggled to coordinate the nation's finances.

The Confederation government did not have the power to enforce its own laws and struggled to coordinate the nation's finances.

Which of the following statements best explains why European global expansion began at the time that it did in the 1400s? - The collapse of the feudal system in Europe led wealthy landowners to seek new lands to replace the land lost in Europe. - The beginning of the Reformation in Europe caused people to flee growing religious violence and warfare. - The development of large kingdoms with centralized governments, trade-based economies, and new technologies stimulated seaborne exploration. - The arrival of Mongol invaders in western Europe forced people to seek new lands beyond the seas. - The failure of the Crusades forced Catholic Church leaders to seek new converts to Christianity from peoples in new lands.

The development of large kingdoms with centralized governments, trade-based economies, and new technologies stimulated seaborne exploration.

Which of the following occurred in the Battle of Tippecanoe? British forces defeated a larger American army. American forces defeated a larger British army. American frontiersmen battled Spanish settlers in Florida. The hope of an Indian confederation to protect their lands was ended. The Indians overwhelmingly defeated William Henry Harrison.

The hope of an Indian confederation to protect their lands was ended.

How did the Lewis and Clark expedition benefit the U.S. government? They fought against Spaniards in Texas and secured the region as a state. They discovered gold in northern California, which led to massive increases in tax receipts. Their detailed maps enabled the government to claim Oregon Country by right of discovery and exploration. They negotiated peace treaties with the major Plains Indian tribes. They reported back to Thomas Jefferson about the vast resources in the West and convinced him to subsequently purchase Louisiana

Their detailed maps enabled the government to claim Oregon Country by right of discovery and exploration.

Which of the following statements accurately describes trains by the 1850s? They moved much slower than stagecoaches and steamboats. Their role in transporting people west helped protect Native American culture. They failed to reduce transportation costs. They could operate year-round and on all types of terrain. They transported only freight, not people.

They could operate year-round and on all types of terrain.

Which of the following is true of the state militia troops that made up the initial American military force and later came to augment the Continental Army? They generally refused to ambush the British or to engage in any hand-to-hand combat. They were largely civilians who often decided for themselves when to join and when to leave the fighting. They were the most seasoned troops of the war because of their past experience fighting Indians. They were extremely well-organized units, even during the first battles, because the stakes were so high. They frequently mutinied and switched over to the British cause in return for the promise of land.

They were largely civilians who often decided for themselves when to join and when to leave the fighting.

The Articles of Confederation left many powers to the states. True False

True

The XYZ Affair came about as part of the so-called Quasi-War with France, which Adams inherited as president. True False

True

Which of the following statements best illustrates the role of women during the Revolutionary War? With most of the men gone to fight in the army, women took on new roles as political and religious leaders. While most women remained at home, some followed their husbands into war as camp followers and a few even disguised themselves as men and became soldiers. With no rights and totally under the control of their fathers and husbands, women were forced to remain at home and had no role in the war. The most frequent role for women was as spies, a tasked they successfully performed for both the Patriots and the British. Many women fought in the war, and they proved to be as good soldiers and as fierce fighters as the men.

While most women remained at home, some followed their husbands into war as camp followers and a few even disguised themselves as men and became soldiers.

The major impetus for the huge Irish immigration to the United States after 1845 was religious freedom in the United States. an abundance of cheap land. high wages in factories. a deadly potato famine. hatred of British rule in Ireland.

a deadly potato famine.

The program for economic development known as the American System called for a national bank, the building of infrastructure, and protective tariffs for American industry. cheap imports of manufactured goods from Great Britain to relieve American workers of increased demands. the movement of more enslaved peoples from Africa to revive the agricultural South after the war. the importation of cheap cotton from Egypt to supply the mills of New England. the creation of state banks to make cheap paper currency in order to make imported goods more easily accessible.

a national bank, the building of infrastructure, and protective tariffs for American industry.

The Federalist Papers argued that the large size and diversity of the new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government. Westward expansion and exploration was the destiny of the American people. a republican form of government could not work in a nation as large as the United States, and therefore the Constitution was necessary. the Constitution would promote control of the government by one faction, which would be good for the nation. if the Constitution failed, the country could always go back to the Articles of Confederation.

a republican form of government could not work in a nation as large as the United States, and therefore the Constitution was necessary.

Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address reflected his strong partisan desire to oppose the Federalists now that he was in office. his desire to adopt Federalist principles now that he was in office. an affirmation of educational elitism and commitment to continued governmental formality. a tone of republican simplicity and conciliation. his hopes for a new war to unify the country.

a tone of republican simplicity and conciliation.

Alexander Hamilton's basic vision of America was to make it a vibrant capitalist power. a democratic model for the world. a mighty empire like ancient Rome. committed to limited government and social equality. an example of racial tolerance and diversity.

a vibrant capitalist power.

By the 1820s, the right to vote had generally been extended to women. adult White males, regardless of owning property. Native Americans. freed slaves. educated Blacks.

adult White males, regardless of owning property.

Many supporters of the declaration of war on Britain in 1812 hoped that the conflict might enable America to gain a monopoly over the fur trade with Native Americans. capture Florida from the Spanish and British. extend American territory to the Pacific Ocean forge closer ties with Spain. negotiate an alliance with Napoleonic France.

capture Florida from the Spanish and British.

How did African American slaves sometimes use songs during the colonial era? -African American slaves used songs to genuinely praise their masters and overseers. -African American slaves used songs to earn money to maintain the plantation system. - African American slaves used songs to celebrate Native American culture. - African American slaves used songs to circulate coded messages. - African American slaves used songs to entertain their European overseers and masters.

- African American slaves used songs to circulate coded messages.

Why is the year 1619 crucial in the history of African American people? - African Americans were freed from slavery in British North America. - African Americans defeated Native Americans in the South. - African Americans arrived in British North America as slaves. - African American slaves migrated to Canada to engage in industrial work. - African American slaves joined the Confederacy against the Union.

- African Americans arrived in British North America as slaves.

Why did American colonists prefer to own African slaves rather than Indian slaves? - Africans could not escape easily since their dark skin made them stand out. - Africans ate less food and needed fewer resources to survive than Indian slaves. - Africans resisted less and tried to escape slavery less often than Indian slaves. - Africans avoided marriage, which made them easier to control. - Africans lived longer as slaves than Indians kept as slaves.

- Africans could not escape easily since their dark skin made them stand out.

Which of the following groups of people dominated educational opportunities in the colonies? - Native Americans - African Americans - American White women - American White men - Spanish subjects

- American White men

What is the concept of divine right? - As opposed to governing through constitutional authority, the monarch answers only to God. - England was destined to dominate the New World, which justified any actions against its current inhabitants. - The citizens of a country have God-given rights that their government must defend, regardless of the official religion. - The head of the Anglican Church will never declare any doctrine or teaching that is against the will of God. - Kings and queens of England can no longer suspend Parliament, create armies, or impose taxes without Parliament's consent.

- As opposed to governing through constitutional authority, the monarch answers only to God.

Why was Nathaniel Bacon enraged by Governor Sir William Berkeley? - Berkeley represented the common man in Virginia, especially small farmers. - Berkeley opposed the economic dominance and political influence of large planters. - Berkeley led a revolt of the poor against the well-connected and wealthy. - Berkeley ran against Bacon for the game of governor of Maryland. - Berkeley refused to punish the Native Americans for raiding White settlements.

- Berkeley refused to punish the Native Americans for raiding White settlements.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Hessians during the Revolutionary War? - Few Hessians deserted the British army to join the American cause. - Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British. - Hessians were no longer deployed when the war moved south. - Hessians were guerrilla warriors who helped defeat Washington's army. - Hessians were colonists who refused to support either side of the war.

- Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British.

Which of the following statements best explains the importance of the pamphlet Common Sense? - It was the first colonial pamphlet to draw heavily on arguments from the Old Testament Bible. - It convinced many Whigs to direct their grievances away from the king and toward Parliament. - It influenced many colonists despite its small print circulation. - It convinced many anxious Americans that independence was necessary and inevitable. - It convinced colonial protestors to continue their resistance through "these times that try men's souls."

- It convinced many anxious Americans that independence was necessary and inevitable.

The French were the first to explore and build forts and outposts in the Great Lakes region. What advantage did this give them as they vied with Britain for control of North America? - It meant that the French would have control of such a large swath of land that they would not need to regularly interact with Native Americans. - It allowed them to be the first Europeans to have control over Texas, as the Mississippi River connects to the Gulf of Mexico. - It gave French explorers access to the Mississippi watershed and the vast heartland of the continent and its fur trade. - It allowed the French to mine gold in the region of modern Iowa, which allowed them to surpass the Spanish in the trade of gold and silver. - It was of little consequence because the lakes and rivers were unnavigable to boats during this period.

- It gave French explorers access to the Mississippi watershed and the vast heartland of the continent and its fur trade.

What was the purpose of the Declaratory Act of 1766? - It required Americans to declare loyalty to the Crown. - It recognized the principle of "no taxation without representation." - It repealed all prior British taxes. - It reasserted the government's right to tax the colonists. - It gave Americans some seats in Parliament.

- It reasserted the government's right to tax the colonists.

Which of the following statements about the 1765 Stamp Act is accurate? - It required revenue stamps on legal documents. - The colonial assemblies approved it. - It directly affected only a few Americans. - It soothed American fears of standing armies. - Most colonies apart from Massachusetts supported it.

- It required revenue stamps on legal documents.

What was the state of slavery in the Western Hemisphere by the time of the American Revolution? - It was declining. - It was relatively static. - It was growing rapidly. - It was no longer in existence. - It was changing from African slaves to Indian slaves.

- It was growing rapidly

How did the Jamestown colony survive? - French settlers arrived to show the colonists how to plant corn. - African American slaves grew food to sustain the English colonists. - John Smith imposed strict military discipline and forced everyone to work. - Disease did not spread in the new colony. - The Virginia Company relocated to New York.

- John Smith imposed strict military discipline and forced everyone to work.

Which of the following is accurate regarding slaves living in the northern colonies? - Slaves usually lived and worked in cities and towns. - Slaves were agricultural laborers like those in the South. - Slaves enjoyed more humane treatment than those in the Chesapeake region. - Slaves usually possessed a trade or special skill. - Slaves were forced to become Puritans.

- Slaves usually possessed a trade or special skill.

By the early eighteenth century, the English colonies in North America possessed which of the following attributes? - The English colonies extended beyond the Appalachian Mountains. - The English colonies had eliminated their French and Spanish rivals. - The English colonies were the most populous and prosperous on the continent. - The English colonies were on the verge of independence from England. - The English colonies remained tiny outposts of civilization.

- The English colonies were the most populous and prosperous on the continent.

Which of the following is the best explanation for the Salem witch craze? - The accusers wanted to end English control of New England. - Real witches had arrived in Salem Village and cast spells on young girls. - The controversy reflected the social division and anxieties within the village. - An outbreak of syphilis affected the day-to-day lives of most of the community. - The community had recently converted to a religion far different than Puritanism.

- The controversy reflected the social division and anxieties within the village.

Which statement below best describes the way the term "Columbian Exchange" applies to changes in the ecology of the Americas? - The introduction of European plants and animals significantly changed the ecology of the Americas. - New American crops improved the health of Europeans and spurred a dramatic increase in the population of Europe. - Infectious diseases killed 80 to 90 percent of the early European settlers who came to the Americas. - European explorers changed the names of most of the physical features in the Americas, eliminating earlier Indian names. - The interbreeding of Europeans with native Indians created a new racial and ethnic human population in the Americas.

- The introduction of European plants and animals significantly changed the ecology of the Americas.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a challenge faced by Washington in creating an effective army? - Colonists who fought in the French and Indian War refused to fight again. - The soldiers, both militiamen and new recruits, lacked training and discipline. - Recent immigrants were banned from serving in the army by the Continental Congress. - Most colonists were more interested in fighting the Indians than the British. - The issue of slavery made it difficult for northern soldiers to work well with men from the southern colonies.

- The soldiers, both militiamen and new recruits, lacked training and discipline.

What purpose did the slave codes serve? - They outlawed many actions taken by slaveholders to punish indentured servants. - They formalized the institution of race-based slavery by outlining the local laws that governed slave life. - They placed limits on race-based slavery so that it was no longer considered lifelong. - They did not apply to African American slaves. - They demonstrated that most southern colonists were disinterested in slavery.

- They formalized the institution of race-based slavery by outlining the local laws that governed slave life.

Why did many colonists believe that George Grenville's new colonial policies violated their rights as British subjects? - They objected to the concept of virtual representation of the colonies in Parliament. - They objected to the Quebec Act, which forced colonists to embrace Catholic Christianity. - They objected to Grenville forcing slavery on hundreds of thousands of Africans and Indians. - They objected to Grenville removing British troops that had protected them from the French, Spanish, and Dutch for more than a century. - They objected to his repeal of the Navigation Acts, which had facilitated trade with other European nations.

- They objected to the concept of virtual representation of the colonies in Parliament.

The Jamestown colony exhibited which of the following characteristics during its early years? - a high percentage of slaves in its settler population - religious freedom and Native American rights - the influence of women in its local government - competition over the discovery of gold deposits - a high mortality rate from disease and famine

- a high mortality rate from disease and famine

Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts for what reason? - challenging the authority of male ministers - championing equal rights for women - having insufficient knowledge of the Bible - believing good works would earn a place in heaven - refusing to uphold the Sabbath

- challenging the authority of male ministers.

The French and Indian War was triggered by - conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley. - religious tension between French Catholics and English Protestants. - the expansionist policies of Louis XIV, leading to millions of French colonists. - French anger over English restrictions on trade and shipping. - the desire of both sides to pull their economies out of depression.

- conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley.

Which of the following reasons explains why most African American slaves experienced an early death in the Western Hemisphere? - Native American attacks - difficult working conditions - marriage to European women - drowning during the Middle Passage - murder by Europeans for trying to escape slavery

- difficult working conditions

After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of - suicide - starvation - battle - disease - enslavement

- disease

The stockholders who invested in the Virginia Company were motivated primarily by what factor? - financial profit - a desire to preserve natural landmarks - opposition to Catholicism - personal loyalty to James I - countering Spanish influence in the New World

- financial profit

What was the primary economic focus of the Dutch in New Netherland? - tobacco production - rice cultivation - fur trade - timber harvesting - corn farming

- fur trade

The columbian Exchange refers to the - first transaction involving the exchange of enslaved Africans and New World resources. - deal struck between Columbus and the Spanish monarchs to fund his expedition. - global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases as a result of Europeans landing in the Americas. - division of the Americas between Spain and Portugal as a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas. - establishment of the nation of Colombia in South America as the first permanent European colony.

- global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases as a result of Europeans landing in the Americas.

Columbus succedded in - finding a water route to Asia - proving the world was round - inspiring subsequent European explorations - bringing the benefits of European civilization to the Indians. - finding rich sources of rubies and diamonds.

- inspiring subsequent European explorations

Early peoples in the Americas became experts in growing plants that became primary food crops, especially this native American plant. - maize (corn) - wheat - rice - beans - tobacco

- maize (corn)

John Locke's contract theory of government argued that - men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property. - governments were formed when strong men seized authority as kings to protect natural rights. - kings have a divine right to rule their subjects as long as their subjects prosper. - the only legitimate governments are ones that allow all adults, regardless of sex and race, to vote. - the government's chief duty is to wage war against other nations.

- men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property.

Which statement best explains the role of conquistadors in creating the Spanish Empire in the Americas? - Spanish religious leaders who converted native peoples to Catholicism and established mission towns in Spanish America - native allies of the Spanish who helped the early Spanish explorers to conquer the Mexicas and the Inca - Spanish imperial government administrators sent to America to replace the early Spanish explorers and create stable colonial governments - mostly single, unskilled Spanish men who, as soldiers, conquered and then settled and ruled the lands of Spanish America - native Mexica and Inca imperial soldiers who fiercely resisted the Spanish invaders before falling victim to infectious diseases

- mostly single, unskilled Spanish men who, as soldiers, conquered and then settled and ruled the lands of Spanish America

What does the term chattel refer to? - people held as property - the cattle and sheep industry - a Native American form of government - the Glorious Revolution - the Pequot War waged by the English

- people held as property

The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to - punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party. - arrest the leaders of the Sons of Liberty. - abolish the colonial assemblies. - outlaw all public criticism of British policy. - make Americans drink more tea.

- punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party.

What did colonial husbands expect from their wives? - submission to their authority - an equal partnership in managing the household - instruction in religion and morality - romantic love as the basis of marriage - toleration of sex outside marriage

- submission to their authority

Why did African American slaves comprise only a tiny minority (2 percent) of New England's population? - the absence of large slave plantations in the region - the absence of food and other goods in the region - the absence of English colonizers in the region - the absence of racism among the English population - the absence of Native Americans in the region who were held as slaves

- the absence of large slave plantations in the region

Which of the following best describes the impact in Europe of new types of foods from the Americas? - Few native American foods could be transplanted to Europe, so their impact was minimal - the new foods improved the health of Europeans and sparked rapid population growth. - Pork from pigs soon became the dominant meat source in Europe - The export of food to Europe soon became the dominant motivation for the creation of colonies by European nations. - the new imported foods benefited wealthy Europeans who could afford them, but it benefited few poor people.

- the new foods improved the health of Europeans and sparked rapid population growth.

By the eighteenth century, Mestizos made up a majority of the population in Mexico and New Mexico. Who were they? - Catholic missionaries and priests who lived among the Aztecs - Native Americans targeted by the Spanish for being particularly polytheistic - the wives of conquistadores who made the voyage from Spain - Spanish and Portuguese ranchers and their families - the offspring of Spanish and Native American parents

- the offspring of Spanish and Native American parents

Bartolome de Las Casas spoke out against... - the religious beliefs underpinning Catholicism. - the Spanish conquest of Granada. - the system of enforced native labor adopted by Spain. - the violence shown to Spaniards by Native Americans. - the agricultural impacts of the Columbian Exchange.

- the system of enforced native labor adopted by Spain.

How did the Jamestown colony finally attain a measure of prosperity? - land sales - trade with the Indians - gold discoveries - tobacco production - trade with Spanish Florida

- tobacco production

Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World? - beans - corn - potatoes - squash - wheat

- wheat

Which of the following developments during the Jacksonian era was a "first" in American political history? A president assumed his position to be superior to that of Congress. Whigs won a majority in Congress. A third-party candidate finished second in a presidential contest. A state effectively nullified a federal law. Black men in some northern states were permitted to vote for president.

A president assumed his position to be superior to that of Congress.

The emergence of two political parties reflected the basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. Which of the following accurately describes Jefferson's philosophy and political party? As a Federalist, Jefferson wished to place limits on states' rights and believed that the common people, especially the lower classes, were untrustworthy. As a Federalist, Jefferson prioritized the values and concerns of northerners and promoted urban and commercial growth. As a Democrat, Jefferson envisioned a developing American economy and society modeled on that of Britain rather than France. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson believed in a strong national government out of fear of the tyranny of the masses, especially farmers. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states' rights posed by big government.

As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states' rights posed by big government.

Anti-Irish prejudice was especially based upon fear of growing Catholic influence. Irish sympathy for Black equality. Irish support for the Republican party. jealousy over the fact that so many Irish were well educated. Irish refusal to vote or participate in politics.

fear of growing Catholic influence.

The many Irish immigrants of the 1840s and 1850s not only were opposed by anti-Catholic nativists but were themselves in competition with and despised which of the following groups? Chinese immigrants who began arriving in the 1850s Native Americans in the Midwest free African Americans who competed for low-paying jobs Mexican immigrants who competed for low-paying jobs German immigrants who were more welcomed and treated better

free African Americans who competed for low-paying jobs

One key element of Hamilton's program to encourage manufacturing was his proposal for a cutoff of trade with Britain. high protective tariffs. government-owned factories. importation of cheap foreign labor. government colleges to provide industrial education.

high protective tariffs.

One of the most remembered aspects of the British assault on Baltimore was the complete destruction of Fort McHenry. the large number of civilian casualties. the length of the siege that followed. its inspiration for what would become the national anthem. the superb performance of the U.S. Navy.

its inspiration for what would become the national anthem.

During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain their freedom by claiming amnesty as a political prisoner. appealing to George Washington. suing for freedom in local courts. learning a trade in the South. joining the British army.

joining the British army.

What became a major problem in the Lowell mills by the middle 1830s? a shortage in cotton and other materials needed to create cloth the growing dominance of textile mills in the South the long commute of workers from out of state labor unrest due to working and living conditions their reliance on the work of enslaved Africans

labor unrest due to working and living conditions

The Bill of Rights was written to safeguard freedoms such as press, speech, and assembly. ensure that critics of the Constitution could be arrested and expelled from the United States. Exclude immigrants and women from voting. create a national bank, initially under the control of Alexander Hamilton. settle all questions about presidential versus congressional authority.

safeguard freedoms such as press, speech, and assembly.

On the question of women's rights, the proposed Constitution granted the vote to females. was surprisingly progressive for its time. defined women as the property of their husbands. accepted the advice of prominent women. said nothing.

said nothing

The Missouri Compromise stipulated that north of 36° 30´ in the Louisiana Purchase, slaves would become free at age twenty-five. slavery would be excluded. majority rule would determine whether slavery would be legal. there would be no restrictions on slavery. free Blacks could not become citizens.

slavery would be excluded.

What was the Lowell System? a process of manufacturing using interchangeable parts, allowing both more efficient production and easier repair method of communications using low voltage electrical wires to send Morse code signals between distant locations process used by the federal government to register and track the many new immigrants arriving in the 1840s and 1850s term used for the new type of labor union organization of the 1840s textile mill factory town with housing for workers (usually young women) provided adjacent to the factory

textile mill factory town with housing for workers (usually young women) provided adjacent to the factory

Which of the following transportation developments, built between 1811 and 1838, improved travel from the Atlantic coast across Ohio westward into Illinois? the first commercial steamboats the National Road the Erie Canal the Cumberland Road the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

the National Road

The war in the South was characterized by a "speedy and happy determination" of the war. the killing of prisoners by both sides and the use of guerrilla tactics. conventional military tactics and only occasional pillaging. an unbroken series of British victories. the massive use of enslaved soldiers by the Americans.

the killing of prisoners by both sides and the use of guerrilla tactics.

Which of the following did Aaron Burr and General James Wilkinson plan to foment a revolt in the lower Mississippi River valley and declare it an independent republic to assassinate Jefferson so that Burr could become president of the Union to meet a large British fleet off the coast of Florida and capture Pensacola to link up with Spanish forces in California and invade Russian-controlled Alaska to join forces with a large French army on Lake Erie and invade Canada

to foment a revolt in the lower Mississippi River valley and declare it an independent republic