ICT History of Computer

Vacuum Tubes [1951-1958]

Used for general computing system Considered faster than electro mechanical devices Performed in milliseconds Need special air-conditioning Short life-span 1st Gen

Abacus

first calculator 500 b.c Invented in Babylonia, but is popular in China Ancient computing device Sliding beads on small wooden rods 1st recorded man's adding machine

Presper Eckert Jr. & John Maughty

made (1943-1946)ENIAC and (1951-1957)UNIVAC

PASCALINE

mechanical calculator Made of 6 dented wheels/clock gears and levers Can solve math basic math problems (addition and subtraction)

TURING MACHINE

theoretical machine Resembles an automatic typewriter that used mathematical symbols

UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer)

First commercially available electronic computer Built by Remington Rand Corporation 1st used and delivered to US Census Bureau for tubulation Contains 5k vacuum tubes, occupied 943 cubic feet, weighed 8 tons, 100 kilowatts of power compare to 175 kilowatts of ENIAC

Difference Engine

First modern computer design | steam power engine adding machine Design to automate a standard procedure for calculating the roots of polynomials Uses basically for British Navigational Purposes

Integrated Circuit

Single wafer that hold many transistors and diodes Allows hundreds of circuits to be connected No need for unreliable hand wired circuit Works faster than transistor Improved memory and reduce the price of computers 3rd gen

LEIBNITZ CALCULATOR

a.k.a stepped reckoner Modified version of Pascaline Can solve subtraction, addition, multiplication, division math problems. Even giving the square root

John Von Neuman

1946 - EDVAC Hungarian-Born mathematician modified eniac

John Napier

1614 - NAPIER BONES Introduced logarithm Born in Merchiston, Scotland Naiper bones is made in ivory

Wilhelm Schickard

1623 - SCHICKARD'S MACHINE Professor at the University of Tubingen, Germany Made the Schickard's machine = Mechanical Calculator

Wilhelm Oughtred

1626 - SLIDE RULE English Mathematician Introduced the "x" symbol for multiplication | also the abbreviation of "sin" and "cos"

Blaise Pascal

1642 - PASCALINE French mathematician Pascaline = mechanical calculator Made of 6 dented wheels/clock gears and levers Can solve math basic math problems (addition and subtraction)

Baron Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibnitz

1671 - LEIBNITZ CALCULATOR German mathematician Universal genius a.k.a stepped reckoner Modified version of Pascaline Can solve subtraction, addition, multiplication, division math problems. Even giving the square root

Joseph Marie Jacquard

1801 - JACQUARD LOOMS To weave simple to complex pattern Automatic loom, controlled by punched cards The invention give the idea of saving process, progamming, and storage data French inventor

Charles Babbage

1821 - DIFFERENCE & ANALYTICAL ENGINE Father of modern computer devices English mathematician 'Cause of his IDEAS are the basis for modern computer devices Failed to construct his calculating machines, left him in his declining heats a disappointment and embittered man He didn't actually build an operational computer himself

Lady Ada Augusta Byron King

1842 1st lady programmer First program was written by her for Babbage's difference engine Program language was honored by her by the US department of Defense named ADA Language Helped Charles Babbage with the programing of the Difference Engine

Dr. Herman Hollerith

1890 American statistician Father and Founder of Information Processing Mechanical tubulator / Hollerith's Tabulating Machine → IBM (International Business Machines)

Alan Turing

1937 - TURING MACHINE Mathematician | gay 1950 "to determine if a computer can think like a human" hence the Turing Test

Howard Aiken

1944 - MARK I American computer engineer & mathematician Programed a calculator at Harvard University IBM & US navy help to make the MARK I

Turing Test

1950 "to determine if a computer can think like a human"

Transistor

2nd gen Small size Low heat compared to vacuum tubes Small power requirements Alternative to vacuum tube

Mark I

Approx. 50 ft long, 8 ft high 700,000 moving parts, several hundred miles of wiring Could perform the 4 basic arithmetic operations & locate info stored in tabular form Process nos. up to 23 digits long and could multiply 3 eight-digit numbers in 1 sec.

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable and Calculator)

Binary arithmetic Central control systemModified ENIAC

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)

Have 18K vacuum tubes that are easily overheated Perform 300 multiplications per seconds Decimal number system Stored programming capability

MECHANICAL TABULATOR

Hollerith's Tabulating Machine → IBM (International Business Machines) Based on punched cards Information processor Can process 300 cards per minute

Analytical Engine

Machinaal general-purpose computer First described in 1837 as the successor of the Difference Engine Incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for general-purpose computer

Microprocessor

Made it possible to pack thousands of electronic components (transistors, diodes, resistors) on a single[silicon] chip Able to make micro computers

JACQUARD LOOMS

To weave simple to complex pattern Automatic loom, controlled by punched cards The invention give the idea of saving process, progamming, and storage data