ICT History of Computer
Vacuum Tubes [1951-1958]
Used for general computing system Considered faster than electro mechanical devices Performed in milliseconds Need special air-conditioning Short life-span 1st Gen
Abacus
first calculator 500 b.c Invented in Babylonia, but is popular in China Ancient computing device Sliding beads on small wooden rods 1st recorded man's adding machine
Presper Eckert Jr. & John Maughty
made (1943-1946)ENIAC and (1951-1957)UNIVAC
PASCALINE
mechanical calculator Made of 6 dented wheels/clock gears and levers Can solve math basic math problems (addition and subtraction)
TURING MACHINE
theoretical machine Resembles an automatic typewriter that used mathematical symbols
UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer)
First commercially available electronic computer Built by Remington Rand Corporation 1st used and delivered to US Census Bureau for tubulation Contains 5k vacuum tubes, occupied 943 cubic feet, weighed 8 tons, 100 kilowatts of power compare to 175 kilowatts of ENIAC
Difference Engine
First modern computer design | steam power engine adding machine Design to automate a standard procedure for calculating the roots of polynomials Uses basically for British Navigational Purposes
Integrated Circuit
Single wafer that hold many transistors and diodes Allows hundreds of circuits to be connected No need for unreliable hand wired circuit Works faster than transistor Improved memory and reduce the price of computers 3rd gen
LEIBNITZ CALCULATOR
a.k.a stepped reckoner Modified version of Pascaline Can solve subtraction, addition, multiplication, division math problems. Even giving the square root
John Von Neuman
1946 - EDVAC Hungarian-Born mathematician modified eniac
John Napier
1614 - NAPIER BONES Introduced logarithm Born in Merchiston, Scotland Naiper bones is made in ivory
Wilhelm Schickard
1623 - SCHICKARD'S MACHINE Professor at the University of Tubingen, Germany Made the Schickard's machine = Mechanical Calculator
Wilhelm Oughtred
1626 - SLIDE RULE English Mathematician Introduced the "x" symbol for multiplication | also the abbreviation of "sin" and "cos"
Blaise Pascal
1642 - PASCALINE French mathematician Pascaline = mechanical calculator Made of 6 dented wheels/clock gears and levers Can solve math basic math problems (addition and subtraction)
Baron Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibnitz
1671 - LEIBNITZ CALCULATOR German mathematician Universal genius a.k.a stepped reckoner Modified version of Pascaline Can solve subtraction, addition, multiplication, division math problems. Even giving the square root
Joseph Marie Jacquard
1801 - JACQUARD LOOMS To weave simple to complex pattern Automatic loom, controlled by punched cards The invention give the idea of saving process, progamming, and storage data French inventor
Charles Babbage
1821 - DIFFERENCE & ANALYTICAL ENGINE Father of modern computer devices English mathematician 'Cause of his IDEAS are the basis for modern computer devices Failed to construct his calculating machines, left him in his declining heats a disappointment and embittered man He didn't actually build an operational computer himself
Lady Ada Augusta Byron King
1842 1st lady programmer First program was written by her for Babbage's difference engine Program language was honored by her by the US department of Defense named ADA Language Helped Charles Babbage with the programing of the Difference Engine
Dr. Herman Hollerith
1890 American statistician Father and Founder of Information Processing Mechanical tubulator / Hollerith's Tabulating Machine → IBM (International Business Machines)
Alan Turing
1937 - TURING MACHINE Mathematician | gay 1950 "to determine if a computer can think like a human" hence the Turing Test
Howard Aiken
1944 - MARK I American computer engineer & mathematician Programed a calculator at Harvard University IBM & US navy help to make the MARK I
Turing Test
1950 "to determine if a computer can think like a human"
Transistor
2nd gen Small size Low heat compared to vacuum tubes Small power requirements Alternative to vacuum tube
Mark I
Approx. 50 ft long, 8 ft high 700,000 moving parts, several hundred miles of wiring Could perform the 4 basic arithmetic operations & locate info stored in tabular form Process nos. up to 23 digits long and could multiply 3 eight-digit numbers in 1 sec.
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable and Calculator)
Binary arithmetic Central control systemModified ENIAC
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
Have 18K vacuum tubes that are easily overheated Perform 300 multiplications per seconds Decimal number system Stored programming capability
MECHANICAL TABULATOR
Hollerith's Tabulating Machine → IBM (International Business Machines) Based on punched cards Information processor Can process 300 cards per minute
Analytical Engine
Machinaal general-purpose computer First described in 1837 as the successor of the Difference Engine Incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for general-purpose computer
Microprocessor
Made it possible to pack thousands of electronic components (transistors, diodes, resistors) on a single[silicon] chip Able to make micro computers
JACQUARD LOOMS
To weave simple to complex pattern Automatic loom, controlled by punched cards The invention give the idea of saving process, progamming, and storage data