History of Floral Design

During which date range was the Art Nouveau period of design popular

1890-1910

When was the end of the Victorian Period?

1914, WW1

During which period were symmetrical, tree-style designs introduced?

Byzantine period

Which philosopher influenced many Chinese designs?

Confucius

Type of Arrangements originally displayed by the Greeks to symbolize fertility?

Cornucopia

Earliest design period- known for arrangements that were clear and simple, used colors or red, yellow, and blue, and used lots of repetition; decorations for banquet tables, processions, funerals

Egyptian Period

Art Deco is a blend of

Egyptian, jazz, and new industrial

Flowers used more for their fragrance than for design; flowers crammed into containers; little or no design concept

English Georgian

During which period were flowers used to construct neck and hair pieces for fashionable women?

English Georgian Peiriod

The American Victorian period copied which other style of floral design

European Style

Which period was the first to combine the mass designs of the Romans and the line designs of the Orient?

Flemish

When were flowers primarily used during the Middle Ages?

Flowers were not used much except for religious ceremonies and special occasions.

Which style influenced the Neoclassic period of American floral styles?

French

Topiary introduced; symmetrical design with no foacl point; designs were informal, fragile and delicate

French Baroque (17th century)

Designs more formal than Baroque; arc and crescent shaped

French Rococo (18th century)

Greeks primarily used flowers for __________and __________

Garlands and Wreaths

Which division of American styles of design was the final phase of neoclassical?

Greek Revival

Which 2 types of styles were incorporated into the Byzantine period floral arrangements?

Greek and Roman

Herbs frequently used; introduced the Horn of Plenty (cornucopia)

Greek period

Which group of people were the first to have professional florists who did floral work for people?

Greeks

What type of arrangement was created during the Baroque period and is still popular today?

Hogarth Curve

What was the Japanese style of floral arranging called?

Ikebana

Christmas Wreaths became popular during this period

Renaissance

During which period did people begin to take an interest in gardening?

Renaissance Period

During which period were formal bouquets tied together and given away?

Renaissance Period

Rebirth period- influenced by Greek, Byzantine and Roman periods

Renaissance period

How did the Roman garlands and wreaths compare to those created by the Greeks?

Roman's garlands and wreaths were more elaborate; tapered

How did Greeks arrange their flowers?

They did not arrange them in vases or bouquets. Flowers were scattered on the ground for ceremonies and festivities.

How did the Roman's use roses during the Roman period?

They used roses at evening banquets and scattered these roses over the floor

How were flowers preserved during the Renaissance Period?

They were dried in their natural colors by burying the flowers in sand to draw out moisture

What type of flower was used abundantly in Flemish designs?

Tulips

During which time period were floral designs very poor in design but very fashionable

Victorian Period

Elaborate, full designs- mostly for the upper-class members; arrangements were large, overdone to show wealth

Victorian Period

Flowers during this period had more meaning; conveyed a message

Victorian period

What types of color schemes were used during the Byzantine period?

analogous, accented with a complementary

What does ikebana mean?

arrangement of living plant materials

Wreaths were presented to __________ for victory/dedication during Greek period.

athletes

What was used by Egyptians to decorate a table before a feast?

baskets of fruits and flowers

Describe what arrangements looked like during the Baroque Period:

began symmetrical, oval shaped designs later asymmetrical curves in the shape of an "S" or a crescent.

Why did women carry tuzzy-muzzy's during the English Georgian period?

clinched bustles made women pass out; streets smelled of feces and tuzzy-muzzy held concealed smelling salts that helped the women stay concious

What were given as popular gifts to soldiers returning from WWI?

corsages

During the Chinese Period, flowers and plant materials were used for:

decorating altars used in religious ceremonies performed by Buddhist Priests

The most important elements to Greeks when arranging the flowers were:

flowers, fragrance, and symbolism

Egyptians considered flowers sacred because they simbolized

gods and goddesses

What were the three principles of ikebana?

heaven (shin), man (soe), earth (tai)

What were the three characteristics of the Greek Revival period of American design?

large, symmetrical, lavish

Describe the style of Japanese arrangements:

linear forms, straight, curved, or angular lines of flowers and foliage

What did designs looked during the Colonial period of floral design?

massed, rounded, fan-shaped

What types of container were flowers arranged in during the Chinese Period?

massive bronze ceremonial vessels

Describe what Flemish floral arrangements looked like:

proportional and more compact than the Baroque style

How were flowers used during religious ceremonies during the Roman period?

scarves filled with blossoms

sub rosa

secretly; confidentially- hung wreaths of white roses from the ceiling- what was said underneath was to be kept a secret

What kinds of flowers/plants were primarily used for ceremonies during the Chinese Period due to the belief that keeping flowers and plants intact was the preservation of life?

storm-broken branches and stems

Describe what floral designs looked like during the Renaissance period:

tall, large, pyramidal, and symmetrically balanced. arrangement was typically twice the height of the container; bright flower colors

What was unique about the containers during the Art of Nouveau period of American design?

the containers curved with the curved lines of nature.

Describe how the arrangement looked during the Early American period:

wild flowers, grains, grasses in jugs, pitchers.

Due to their femininity and fragile beauty, flowers were given __________ names in the Chinese Period

women's