History of Rock and Roll Midterm (CH. 2) MSU

Both Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry wrote music that was intended for a pop audience with influences of country and western and rhythm and blues.

TRUE

Both independent and major record labels used payola. TRUE

TRUE

Fats Domino, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard were all artists recorded on independent labels.

TRUE

Most of rock's originators and many of the independent labels they worked for were out of the music business by 1960.

TRUE

To many teenagers, Alan Freed was the father of rock and roll.

TRUE

White artists covering Little Richard's music left out much of the sexual innuendo in his lyrics.

TRUE

Explain why the act of payola was NOT deemed an illegal activity.

The FCC rules required that gifts had to be acknowledged on air and any money that was received had to be claimed on income tax forms. It did not restrict the exchange of money and gifts on air time.

A crossover song is

a song or record appearing on multiple music charts.

Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran were particularly popular with

audiences in England.

Early in his career, Elvis was marketed as a

country and western artist

The practice of payola involved

creating business friendships with disc jockeys by offering gifts.

"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On"

crossover success for Jerry Lee Lewis

Elvis is often thought of as a song stylist because he

did not write his own songs but chose which material he would record.

Brenda Lee

female rockabilly singer

The country and western chart was originally called

hillbilly

The emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s can be attributed to the relationship between DJs and

indie record labels.

The "whitening" of rhythm and blues was marked by

lyrics changed to dance references instead of sexual innuendos.

"Race" Records

original marketing term for rhythm and blues

The Moondog Show

radio show hosted by Alan Freed

The congressional hearings on the payola scandal focused on

radio stations that played rock and roll.

Alan Freed

received coauthor credit for the song "Maybellene"

"Shake, Rattle, and Roll"

song originally performed by Big Joe Turner

All of the following are elements of Chuck Berry's music EXCEPT

songs geared toward adult black listeners.

As a song, "Roll Over Beethoven" celebrates

teenagers listening to rhythm and blues.

The success of crossover artists significantly reduced

the crossover potential for the original artists.

Whom did ASCAP represent during the payola scandal?

traditional pop songwriters

"That'll Be the Day" was the first hit for

Buddy Holly

All of the following were artists with Sun Records EXCEPT

Buddy Holly

How was Buddy Holly influential as a songwriter?

Buddy wrote in multiple song forms giving it a broader style that the audience loved.

____________ often performed a trademark "duck walk" during guitar solos.

Chuck Berry

"Maybellene"

Chuck Berry's first hit on Chess Records

Alan Freed began his career in

Cleveland

How was Elvis's image and music used to appeal to a wider audience?

Elivis's had a patriotic soldier image and his recordings were a broad range of musical styles.

Colonel Tom Parker

Elvis Presley's manager

Along with Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and Little Richard were killed in the same plane crash.

FALSE

Cover versions of rhythm and blues songs by white artists very rarely performed better on the pop charts than the rhythm and blues originals.

FALSE

Elvis is best thought of as a master songwriter who wrote in a variety of pop genres.

FALSE

Elvis's recordings with RCA helped establish a style that came to be called "rockabilly."

FALSE

It was a common practice for major record labels to watch the country and western charts for hits and then cover those songs for the pop market.

FALSE

Which of the following statements about Buddy Holly is FALSE?

He was a cover artist

To which independent label was Little Richard signed?

Specialty

Which of the following was NOT a major record label in the 1950s?

Sun

Before Elvis signed a major record deal, major labels were NOT interested in rock and roll.

TRUE

Which song was the first million-selling single for Sun Records?

"Blue Suede Shoes"

Elvis's first single for RCA was

"Heartbreak Hotel"

6. The song ________ helped launch Elvis Presley's career at Sun Records.

"That's All Right Mama"

Two high-profile individuals associated with the payola scandal were

Alan Freed and Dick Clark.

The Rock and Roll Party was

Alan Freed's radio show in New York.

ASCAP

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers

All of the following are examples of crossover artists EXCEPT

Big Joe Turner

Who took control of American popular music as the first wave of rock and roll ended?

Big music publishers and record companies

Which 1950s movie featured Bill Haley's "(We're Gonna) Rock around the Clock"?

Blackboard Jungled

Little Richard's aggressive piano playing and "wild man" image were a direct contrast to

Fats Domino

Explain how payola was beneficial to indie record labels as well as independent radio stations.

It helped more labels to fit in the recording industry, and it also helped independent radio stations compare with local stations and national networks.

Which Sun Records singer was dubbed the "female Elvis"?

Janis Martin

The first rock-and-roll artist to cultivate the "wild man" persona was

Little Richard

______________ was probably the most flamboyant performer in the early years of rock

Little Richard

Which of the following was a trademark of Little Richard's music?

Maniacal singing

Although he covered many rhythm and blues songs, ___________ played a central role in establishing rock and roll in mainstream pop in the 1950s.

Pat Boone

All of the following events affected the first wave of rock and roll EXCEPT

Pat Boone having the first rock-and-roll hit song.

Why did rhythm and blues artists often opt for a flat fee for their recordings?

R&B artists often opt for a flat fee because of the nature of how they traveled to perform and how financially fragile the record was.

Elvis Presley's contract was bought by

RCA Records.

____________was a regional radio show in Memphis hosted by Dewey Phillips.

Red, Hot and Blue

The "slapback echo" was a rockabilly feature pioneered by ______.

Sam Phillips

Who started Sun Records in Memphis?

Sam Phillips

Why did Sam Phillips sell Elvis's contract?

Sam needed money to promote his other artists.

What is the purpose of music-industry periodicals such as Cashbox and Billboard?

The purpose was to help professionals in the industry track the music business and help predict trends in sales.

Whom did BMI represent during the payola scandal?

The songwriters that were rejected by ASCAP and the rock and roll artists.

Vocal Hiccup

Trademark of Buddy Holly

As a result of the payola scandal, Alan Freed

was run out of the music business.