History of Rock and Roll Midterm (CH. 2) MSU
Both Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry wrote music that was intended for a pop audience with influences of country and western and rhythm and blues.
TRUE
Both independent and major record labels used payola. TRUE
TRUE
Fats Domino, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard were all artists recorded on independent labels.
TRUE
Most of rock's originators and many of the independent labels they worked for were out of the music business by 1960.
TRUE
To many teenagers, Alan Freed was the father of rock and roll.
TRUE
White artists covering Little Richard's music left out much of the sexual innuendo in his lyrics.
TRUE
Explain why the act of payola was NOT deemed an illegal activity.
The FCC rules required that gifts had to be acknowledged on air and any money that was received had to be claimed on income tax forms. It did not restrict the exchange of money and gifts on air time.
A crossover song is
a song or record appearing on multiple music charts.
Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran were particularly popular with
audiences in England.
Early in his career, Elvis was marketed as a
country and western artist
The practice of payola involved
creating business friendships with disc jockeys by offering gifts.
"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On"
crossover success for Jerry Lee Lewis
Elvis is often thought of as a song stylist because he
did not write his own songs but chose which material he would record.
Brenda Lee
female rockabilly singer
The country and western chart was originally called
hillbilly
The emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s can be attributed to the relationship between DJs and
indie record labels.
The "whitening" of rhythm and blues was marked by
lyrics changed to dance references instead of sexual innuendos.
"Race" Records
original marketing term for rhythm and blues
The Moondog Show
radio show hosted by Alan Freed
The congressional hearings on the payola scandal focused on
radio stations that played rock and roll.
Alan Freed
received coauthor credit for the song "Maybellene"
"Shake, Rattle, and Roll"
song originally performed by Big Joe Turner
All of the following are elements of Chuck Berry's music EXCEPT
songs geared toward adult black listeners.
As a song, "Roll Over Beethoven" celebrates
teenagers listening to rhythm and blues.
The success of crossover artists significantly reduced
the crossover potential for the original artists.
Whom did ASCAP represent during the payola scandal?
traditional pop songwriters
"That'll Be the Day" was the first hit for
Buddy Holly
All of the following were artists with Sun Records EXCEPT
Buddy Holly
How was Buddy Holly influential as a songwriter?
Buddy wrote in multiple song forms giving it a broader style that the audience loved.
____________ often performed a trademark "duck walk" during guitar solos.
Chuck Berry
"Maybellene"
Chuck Berry's first hit on Chess Records
Alan Freed began his career in
Cleveland
How was Elvis's image and music used to appeal to a wider audience?
Elivis's had a patriotic soldier image and his recordings were a broad range of musical styles.
Colonel Tom Parker
Elvis Presley's manager
Along with Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and Little Richard were killed in the same plane crash.
FALSE
Cover versions of rhythm and blues songs by white artists very rarely performed better on the pop charts than the rhythm and blues originals.
FALSE
Elvis is best thought of as a master songwriter who wrote in a variety of pop genres.
FALSE
Elvis's recordings with RCA helped establish a style that came to be called "rockabilly."
FALSE
It was a common practice for major record labels to watch the country and western charts for hits and then cover those songs for the pop market.
FALSE
Which of the following statements about Buddy Holly is FALSE?
He was a cover artist
To which independent label was Little Richard signed?
Specialty
Which of the following was NOT a major record label in the 1950s?
Sun
Before Elvis signed a major record deal, major labels were NOT interested in rock and roll.
TRUE
Which song was the first million-selling single for Sun Records?
"Blue Suede Shoes"
Elvis's first single for RCA was
"Heartbreak Hotel"
6. The song ________ helped launch Elvis Presley's career at Sun Records.
"That's All Right Mama"
Two high-profile individuals associated with the payola scandal were
Alan Freed and Dick Clark.
The Rock and Roll Party was
Alan Freed's radio show in New York.
ASCAP
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers
All of the following are examples of crossover artists EXCEPT
Big Joe Turner
Who took control of American popular music as the first wave of rock and roll ended?
Big music publishers and record companies
Which 1950s movie featured Bill Haley's "(We're Gonna) Rock around the Clock"?
Blackboard Jungled
Little Richard's aggressive piano playing and "wild man" image were a direct contrast to
Fats Domino
Explain how payola was beneficial to indie record labels as well as independent radio stations.
It helped more labels to fit in the recording industry, and it also helped independent radio stations compare with local stations and national networks.
Which Sun Records singer was dubbed the "female Elvis"?
Janis Martin
The first rock-and-roll artist to cultivate the "wild man" persona was
Little Richard
______________ was probably the most flamboyant performer in the early years of rock
Little Richard
Which of the following was a trademark of Little Richard's music?
Maniacal singing
Although he covered many rhythm and blues songs, ___________ played a central role in establishing rock and roll in mainstream pop in the 1950s.
Pat Boone
All of the following events affected the first wave of rock and roll EXCEPT
Pat Boone having the first rock-and-roll hit song.
Why did rhythm and blues artists often opt for a flat fee for their recordings?
R&B artists often opt for a flat fee because of the nature of how they traveled to perform and how financially fragile the record was.
Elvis Presley's contract was bought by
RCA Records.
____________was a regional radio show in Memphis hosted by Dewey Phillips.
Red, Hot and Blue
The "slapback echo" was a rockabilly feature pioneered by ______.
Sam Phillips
Who started Sun Records in Memphis?
Sam Phillips
Why did Sam Phillips sell Elvis's contract?
Sam needed money to promote his other artists.
What is the purpose of music-industry periodicals such as Cashbox and Billboard?
The purpose was to help professionals in the industry track the music business and help predict trends in sales.
Whom did BMI represent during the payola scandal?
The songwriters that were rejected by ASCAP and the rock and roll artists.
Vocal Hiccup
Trademark of Buddy Holly
As a result of the payola scandal, Alan Freed
was run out of the music business.