History of Telephone

New Utopia

1627: Francis Bacon

Telegraph

1844, Samuel Morse What has God wrought!"

Transmission via coaxial cables was accomplished.

1946

Microwave radio transmission was used for long-distance telephony.

1947:

first cellular telephone call on a portable handset called the Dyna-Tac

1973: Dr. Martin Cooper

Optical transmission systems replace copper systems in long-distance wideband transmission

1990

commercial access to Internet and birth of VoIP.

1990

The first digital cellular system, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

1990-97

third generation cellular systems and WLAN technologies will provide enhanced data services for mobile users.

2005

conceives pulse code modulation (PCM).

Alec Reeves

The first automatic telephone switching system

Almon B. Strowger

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

electromagnetism.

Danish physicist Christian Oersted

developed the Leyden jar.

Dutchman Pieter van Musschenbroek and German Ewald Georg von Kleist

EIA

Electronic Industries Association

applies for a similar patent hours after Bell. He designs a liquid transmitter for use with a telephone, but does not build one.

Elisha Gray

ETSI

European Telecommunications Standards Institute

FSI

Finnish Standards Institute

"speaking telegraph"

Innocenzo Manzetti

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

ITU-T

International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee

complete wireless telegraph system.

Marconi

first speech-transmitting telephone.

Philipp Reis

Tele Phone

afar voiced sound

Telephone

an apparatus for reproducing sound, especially that of human voice

Standards

are necessary to achieve interoperability, compatibility, and required performance in a cost-effective manner.

Telephony

branch of electrical communication dealing with the transmission and reception of sounds

transmitted electricity over a wire

chemist Stephen Gray

Equipment manufacturers

development activities as early as possible; standards that are based on their own technologies prevent standardization if it opens their own markets.

Network operators

improve the compatibility of telecommunications systems wide-area or even international services; purchase equipment from multiple vendors.

The Telephone was invented

in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell, whose first words on the phone were, "Mr. Watson, come at once, I need you."

Service users

support the development of standardized international services; access to alternative system vendors improve the compatibility of their future network systems.