History of Telephone
New Utopia
1627: Francis Bacon
Telegraph
1844, Samuel Morse What has God wrought!"
Transmission via coaxial cables was accomplished.
1946
Microwave radio transmission was used for long-distance telephony.
1947:
first cellular telephone call on a portable handset called the Dyna-Tac
1973: Dr. Martin Cooper
Optical transmission systems replace copper systems in long-distance wideband transmission
1990
commercial access to Internet and birth of VoIP.
1990
The first digital cellular system, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
1990-97
third generation cellular systems and WLAN technologies will provide enhanced data services for mobile users.
2005
conceives pulse code modulation (PCM).
Alec Reeves
The first automatic telephone switching system
Almon B. Strowger
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
electromagnetism.
Danish physicist Christian Oersted
developed the Leyden jar.
Dutchman Pieter van Musschenbroek and German Ewald Georg von Kleist
EIA
Electronic Industries Association
applies for a similar patent hours after Bell. He designs a liquid transmitter for use with a telephone, but does not build one.
Elisha Gray
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FSI
Finnish Standards Institute
"speaking telegraph"
Innocenzo Manzetti
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
ITU-T
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
complete wireless telegraph system.
Marconi
first speech-transmitting telephone.
Philipp Reis
Tele Phone
afar voiced sound
Telephone
an apparatus for reproducing sound, especially that of human voice
Standards
are necessary to achieve interoperability, compatibility, and required performance in a cost-effective manner.
Telephony
branch of electrical communication dealing with the transmission and reception of sounds
transmitted electricity over a wire
chemist Stephen Gray
Equipment manufacturers
development activities as early as possible; standards that are based on their own technologies prevent standardization if it opens their own markets.
Network operators
improve the compatibility of telecommunications systems wide-area or even international services; purchase equipment from multiple vendors.
The Telephone was invented
in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell, whose first words on the phone were, "Mr. Watson, come at once, I need you."
Service users
support the development of standardized international services; access to alternative system vendors improve the compatibility of their future network systems.