History quiz 4 - 102-112

Mencius

370-300 BCE, follower of Confucious, traveled around offering advice and teaching; proposed firm political and financial measures, thought rulers should be fair

Confucious

551-479 BCE; one of the first men of ideas, teacher, wrote Analects, a collection of his sayings

Legalism

laid the basis for China's bureaucratic government, emphasized need for strict laws, King of Qin believed in this form of thought

Confucian vision

provided a moral basis for modern China, repaying parents and ancestors, respecting parents, placing the interests of the family above all else

Filial piety

reverent attitude of children to their parents, taught by Confucious

Dao

the Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucious to refer to the moral order

Xunzi

310-215 BCE, follower of Confucious, argued that people are born selfish and through education they become moral, said Heaven does not interfere in human affairs

Han Feizi

280-233 BCE, studied with Xunzi, against Legalism, told rulers to be wary and concerned about everyone trying to take their power

Gentleman

Junzi; Confucious advocated being a gentleman, be morally cultivated, have virtue

Golden age of Chinese philosophy

Warring states period, era of Hundred School of Thoughts contended

Zhuangzi

another early Daoist book, disinterest in politics, filled with parables and stories, concerned with life and death

Legalists

argued that a strong government depends on effective laws and not moral leadership

Yin and Yang

concept of complimentary poles, one representing the feminist dark and the other masculine and bright, based on natural observations (night and day)

Daoists

directly opposed Confucious, believed that the act of trying to improve society only makes it worse

Book of Changes

divination text, first described the theory of Yin and Yang, written around 900 BCE

Loazi

early Daoist book, theme of mystical superiority of yielding over assertion and silence over words, compares God to water

Confucious thoughts

ethical rather than metaphysical or theoretical; everyone should be devoted to his role, thought relationships were the basis of society

Ren

ultimate virtue of Confucious, translated as perfect goodness, humanity, and nobility